机械制造企业能源审计与节能潜力分析

能源审计是全面了解企业能源消费过程和能源利用效率,帮助企业寻找节能潜力,加强能源管理,降低生产成本的重要方式。本文分析了机械工业企业能源审计的特点和现状,探讨了能源审计工作的基本方法,提出了深度审计的方法和节能潜力分析。     

节能与称重计量——浅谈《用能单位能源计量器具配备和管理通则》

能源计量工作是企业加强能源管理、提高能源管理水平的重要基础,是企业合理用能、优化能源结构、提高能源利用效率、经济效益和市场竞争力的重要保证,是国家依法实施节能监督管理、评价企业能源利用状况的重要依据.国家《节能中长期专项规划》中明确提出"十一五"期间万元GDP能耗下降20%的节能要求.     

加强管理 节约能源

能源的充分供应是国民经济持久、稳定发展的可靠基础,是实现四个现代化的重要条件。为此,国家制订了能源开发和节约并重的正确方针,并把抓好节能做为解决当前及今后几年能源紧张的可靠途径。机械工业是国民经济各部门的装备部,也是开发和节约能源的服务部,机床工业在开发和节约能源方面除了提供耗能低的机床外,在各厂生产中应加强节能管理,大力推广节能新技术和新材料。 自1979年11月开展节能活动以来,我局许多企业加强了对节能工作的领导,建立了节能机构,开展了能源普查,初步制定了管理制度和各种能源的消耗定额,实行了节能奖励办法,推广了…     

推动内燃机行业节能、低碳、绿色发展 工信部节能与综合利用司司长高云虎在2014年内燃机先进技术国际论坛的讲话（摘要）

一、当前工业节能减排的形势工业是国民经济的主体,也是能源消耗和环境污染的主要来源。据统计,2013年工业能源消费占总能源消费量的72.9%,推进工业节能减排对完成全国节能目标,推动转型发展具有重要意义。＂十二五＂以来,我部以实施工业能效提升计划为主线,进一步加大重点节能技术、设备和产品的推广应用;强化了重点用能企业能源管理,着力开展能效对标达标,能源审计;健全节能市场化机制和制度保障。     

依靠节能监测技术促降耗

油田现场节能技术改造的前期工作是对耗能设备进行科学的节能监测,几年来,胜利油田孤东采油厂技术质量监督站能源室建立了完善的节能监测体系,围绕重点耗能设备进行全方位监测,掌握了真实消耗量和在用效率,找到了能源效率低下的原因以及节能的潜力。     

机械工业企业能源审计实施方法研究

针对机械工业企业的用能特点和能源审计状况，研究机械工业开展企业能源审计的基本思路，探讨了机械工业企业能源审计的基本流程。能源审计可以为企业挖掘节能潜力，提出节能整改措施，促进企业节能目标的实现。     

探究衡器在节能减排工作中的重要作用

能源计量工作是企业加强能源管理,提高能源管理水平的重要基础,也是企业执行国家节能政策、法规、标准,并合理优化能源结构,提高能源利用效率,提升企业市场竞争力与经济效益的重要保障。而衡器作为能源计量工作中的重要设备与仪器,在当前我国节能减排工作中发挥出了重要的作用。本文结合实际工作经验,从我国节能减排现状出发,并着重就衡器在节能减排工作中所发挥出的重要作用进行了分析与探讨。     

能源与动力工程在电力行业节能减排中的应用研究

能源是现代化生产的重要动力源泉,在我国经济的发展中,能源的消耗总量呈现不断上涨的态势,存在能源的利用率低、消耗大,能源环境严重恶化的状况。在绿色发展理念的倡导下,节能减排成为重要的议题,电力行业不仅具有高耗能特征,也具备巨大的节能潜力。为了更好地处理好人与自然的关系,本文尝试从能源与动力工程的角度去探索和分析电力行业节能减排的具体应用。     

节能改造在医院的应用

对广东省人民医院整体能源使用情况进行了分析,并对其热水系统、空调系统、采暖系统等进行一系列节能改造,通过改造前后对比从而明确节能的重要性和必要性。整体节能改造实现了对医院能源系统的整体优化,达到了较好的社会效益与经济效益。对医院能源系统的整体优化与节能改造具有一定的指导和借鉴意义。     

清洁生产 节能先行——清洁生产与工业的可持续发展

六月二十一日,财政部和国家发展改革委联合印发《节能技术改造财政奖励资金管理办法》的通知,指出为加快推广先进节能技术,提高能源利用效率,中央财政将继续安排专项资金,采取＂以奖代补＂方式,对企业实施节能技术改造给予适当支持和奖励。应对能源紧张状况,节约能源是用能的重大战略之一。为了配合＂全国节能宣传周＂活动,     

Design and experimental evaluation of a mixed-mode continuous solar dryer for plaster molds

This work aimed to develop and evaluate a mixed-mode continuous solar dryer for plaster molds for the local craft ceramics industry to reduce the drying time during the pottery manufacturing process. This novel design reduces time and movements in the manufacturing line. Indirect solar energy is used to complement direct solar energy; such a combination allows the continuous drying process to meet the energy requirements and optimize solar energy expenses. The experimental results show that the average evaporation rate is 0.7 kg/hr, the average energy consumption is 2.57 MJ/kg-H₂O-evaporated, and the drying time is 4 days. The actual drying time represents 20% to 29% of the total foregoing time employed by Morelos-México craft potters. This finding indicates that the dryer continuously works using 66.4% indirect and 33.6% direct solar energy, thereby entailing lower expenses than traditional continuous drying processes.     

能量色散X射线荧光光谱定性分析算法研究

介绍了EDXR光谱的定性分析过程及常用算法,并分别将二次微分法和连续样条小波变换法应用于谱线的寻峰处理,比较了两种算法的处理效果,阐明了连续样条小波变换法在谱线寻峰处理上的优越性。同时确定了能量刻度的方法,参照元素特征X射线能量表,实现了定性分析。     

基于能耗的冷轧连退机组能效建模与工艺参数优化及排序建模优化

以冷轧连续退火机组能耗集中的炉区作为研究对象，根据能量流与热力学理论，建立了能耗与主要工艺参数之间的映射模型；采用MATLAB结合一种改进的量子遗传算法对能效模型进行优化，获取在保证质量的前提下能效最高的工艺参数组合；以辅助设备能耗最低、生产规格跳变平缓以及满足交货期为优化目标，建立了冷轧连退产线生产调度多目标优化模型，采用非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）进行求解，得出最优排序。结果表明，该模型和算法对生产实际有一定的指导作用。     

Dynamic experimentation on the confocal laser scanning microscope: application to soft-solid, composite food materials

Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is used to follow the dynamic structural evolution of several phase-separated mixed biopolymer gel composites. Two protein/polysaccharide mixed gel systems were examined: gelatin/maltodextrin and gelatin/agarose. These materials exhibit 'emulsion-like' structures, with included spherical particles of one phase (i.e. polymer A) within a continuous matrix of the second (i.e. polymer B). Compositional control of these materials allows the phase order to be inverted (i.e. polymer B included and polymer A continuous), giving four basic variants for the present composites. Tension and compression mechanical tests were conducted dynamically on the CLSM, with crack/microstructure interactions investigated using a notched compact tension geometry. Gelatin/maltodextrin composites exhibit a 'pseudo-yielding' stress/strain response in both tension and compression, when the gelatin-rich phase is continuous, which was attributed to debonding of the particle/matrix interface. This behaviour is significantly less apparent for both the gelatin/agarose composites, and the maltodextrin continuous gelatin/maltodextrin composites, with these materials responding in a nominally linear elastic manner. Values of the interfacial fracture energy for selected compositions of the two biopolymer systems were determined by 90 degrees peel testing, where a gelatin layer was peeled from either a maltodextrin or agarose substrate. For biopolymer layers 'cast' together, a value of 0.2 +/- 0.2 J m-2 was obtained for the fracture energy of a gelatin/maltodextrin interface, while a significantly higher value of 6.5 +/- 0.2 J m-2 was determined for a gelatin/agarose interface. The interfacial fracture energy of the two mixed systems was also determined following an indirect elastomer composite debonding model. An interfacial fracture energy of approximately 0.25 J m-2 was determined using this approach for the gelatin continuous gelatin/maltodextrin composite, which compares favourably with the value calculated directly by peel testing (i.e. approximately 0.2 J m-2). A somewhat higher value was estimated for the gelatin continuous gelatin/agarose system (1.0-2.0 J m-2), using this model, although there are severe limitations to this approach for this mixed gel system. In the present case, it is believed that the differing mechanical response of the two mixed biopolymer systems, when the gelatin phase is continuous, arises from the order of magnitude difference in interfacial fracture energy. It is postulated that polymer interdiffusion may occur across the interface for the gelatin/agarose system, to a significantly greater extent than for interfaces between gelatin and maltodextrin, resulting in a higher interfacial fracture energy.     

生物质能源的开发及其在发动机上的应用

目前的发动机绝大多数还是以石油作为燃料。在能源危机和环境污染的双重压力下，急需寻找化石能源的替代能源，其中生物质能源以其可再生性和绿色环保性越来越受到国内外的重视，其开发应用技术也日趋成熟，生产成本也必将随着产业规模的不断扩大而逐渐下降，从而显示出良好的发展前景。国外已有的经验表明，在产业化初始阶段，国家政府对生物质能源的鼓励和政策扶持起着关键作用。     

新能源汽车与内燃机的汽车噪声特性分析

随着我国社会经济不断发展,给汽车行业带来巨大的发展空间,尤其是内燃机汽车和新能源汽车,但随之带来很多方面的问题,如低噪音引发的行人安全问题,为了有效解决这些问题,本文以新能源汽车在中国发展现状和世界各国由新能源汽车带来的低噪音引发行人安全问题为基础,进一步研究了四种汽车在行驶过程当中出现的噪音,来解释在产生噪音后,根据不同速度来判断会引起汽车噪声可能出现的变化,从而判断会不同类型汽车所产生的噪声差异。     

Energy based signal parameter estimation method and a comparative study of different frequency estimators

The influences of window functions and noise on the performance of the energy-based signal parameter estimation method are investigated, and the appropriate parameters and algorithm are recommended accordingly. The frequency, amplitude and phase estimation variances of the energy based method are deduced and verified by computer simulation. The performances of four frequency estimation methods are compared: the energy based method, the interpolation based method, the phase difference based method and the Fourier transform (FT) continuous zoom based method. For the second and third methods, the Quinn algorithm and the phase difference based method with factor η=0.5 are recommended, respectively. It was found that each method has its own advantages. The energy based method has the best stability compared with others. The interpolated method has the lowest frequency estimation variance when the frequency biasδ is large, while the phase-difference based method does better when δ is low. The change of δ does not influence the maximum frequency estimation error of the FT continuous zoom based method. Comparatively speaking, the phase-difference based method has the least frequency estimation error.     

粘胶纤维生产用连续溶解高效节能研磨设备的研究

化纤行业经过璜化后的磺酸酯纤维素需研磨,且研磨是化纤行业生产线上关键工序之一,该行业对连续溶解的研磨设备要求较高,以前研磨设备一直是进口,我们研究的高效节能研磨泵设计更合理,取代了同类进口设备。     

新能源汽车发展与智能制造研究

汽车工业是经济发展的支柱产业,在当前社会经济和技术发展条件下,汽车工业正逐步向低碳方向发展,新能源汽车的出现,主要体现在产品本身的信息和智能上,为促进新能源汽车的标准化生产和科学使用,更好地满足市场需求,促进社会的不断进步,将进行以下具体分析。     

一种新型节能划船健身器的设计与制造

设计并制造了一款新型划船健身器,该健身器采用优化设计的四杆机构模拟划船运动,与杆件相连的轴的旋转通过齿轮系增速,使用棘轮实现阻力系统的连续运转,设计飞轮用于调节速度波动与储放能量,将划船运动产生的动能输出到电机轴上,末端使用储能电池将电机运转产生的电能回收以节能.该健身器操作便利可靠,既实现了划船运动带来的健身功效,又及时地将产生的能量加以回收,具有一定的市场推广和应用价值.