建筑外墙保温防火初探

随着我国建筑节能环保理念的提升,外墙保温核技术被广泛应用,近年来外墙保温材料火灾频发,引起了人们对外墙外保温防火问题广泛关注.如何提高外墙外保温系统的防火性能,应该限制使用有机类保温材料,谨慎使用有机无机复合的保温材料,开发和推广使用无机类保温材料,设置无空腔、防火隔断和防火保护面层的防火构造,加强施工过程防火管理,制定合适的外墙外保温防火技术规范.     

建筑外墙有机保温材料防火性能技术改进措施探索

主要对有机外墙外保温材料模塑聚苯板(EPS)和聚氨酯泡沫板在不同薄抹灰厚度的情况下进行了试验,研究其防火性能的特点,探索建筑外墙有机保温材料防火性能技术改进措施。     

会展推荐

<正>2014北京绿色建筑外墙外保温新型建材节能墙材展览会时间:2014年11月26日—2014年11月28日地点:北京国家会议中心展出内容:一、节能保温材料:建筑保温系统:各类外墙防火材料、各类外墙外保温系统、外墙内保温系统、外墙自保温系统材料、建筑陶瓷外墙复合保温系统、新型建筑陶板(瓷砖)、屋面     

我国外墙外保温防火安全体系的研究方向

当前我国外墙外保温体系中有机保温材料研究方向应当突出有机保温材料在外墙复合结构状态下的耐温性、耐燃性及其结构稳定性方向的研究,并按绿色的环保要求开展无卤化、低烟、低毒方向研究。只有对有机保温材料按环保法的研究要求,才能全面阐明我国当前外墙外保温安全防火体系正确研究方向。     

三大技术理念简析外墙外保温体系的基本组成及技术特点

外墙外保温系统（external thermal insulation system）由保温层、抹面层和饰面层构成，并固定在外墙外表面的非承重保温构造总称，简称外保温系统。其主要组成包括：（1）基层：外保温系统所依附的外墙；（2）保温层：由保温材料组成，在外保温系统中起保温作用的构造层；（3）抹面层：抹在保温层或防火找平层（找平层）上，     

聚苯板外保温系统的承重与安全性研究

建筑节能是国家一项长期性的强制性推广政策，建筑外墙外保温与外墙装饰是融为一体的，先做保温层，后在保温层上做装饰，一旦保温层出现脱落，整个外装修也就随之毁掉。经过多年的发展，外墙外保温系统推广应用得很快，但在实际应用上还存在一些问题。膨胀型聚苯板薄抹灰系统的承重与安全性、防火、防开裂、使用寿命等方面的问题就是困扰外保温行业的一个难题。     

相关国家政策规定

<正>在欧美地区很多发达国家,节能建筑非常普及,这些建筑几乎都使用了外墙保温材料,节能效果很好。与中国不同的是,这些国家有严格的外墙保温材料分级标准,并根据防火性等标准对外墙保温材料进行严格分级,某一等级的外墙保温材料只能被用在特定的建筑上。而我国国家政策法规几经波折,始终在探索适合中国行情"中国式标准"。2009年9月25日,国家住房和城乡建设部出台46号文件,《民用建筑外保温系统及外墙装饰防火暂行规定》,民用建筑外保温材料的燃烧性能宜为A级,且不应低于B2级。     

酚醛保温材料的性能及发展趋势

酚醛保温材料具有良好的保温节能效果,是应用于外墙、内墙保温的绝好材料。酚醛保温材料可用于幕墙保温系统、外墙薄抹灰系统及构筑酚醛防火隔离带等,也可与饰面层复合制作保温装饰一体化板,市场前景广阔。     

雅达酚醛防火保温板一体化系统

近年来，频频发生的火灾，使人们对我国整个外墙外保温行业形成信任危机。“央视新配楼大火事故”之后，建筑防火再次成为举世瞩目的焦点。不少专家指出，国内对建筑物内饰的防火性能和指标有规范可寻，但对外墙保温防火技术的研究重视却远远不够。     

解析外墙外保温的承重与安全性研究

保温材料在建筑保温节能工程上的应用与实践中，已取得了很多成果，同时也面临一些课题，本文对外墙外保温系统的原材料体系及其安全性、防火性、使用寿命、以及对外墙装饰工程质量的影响等方面进行探讨。     

聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料保温材料的研究进展

基于聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料保温材料的应用和研究,综述了保温材料的研究现状,从影响保温材料保温性能的三大因素——耐火性能、导热率、吸水率进行具体分析;然后基于聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料保温材料的研究现状,概述了聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料的优势,并分析了其耐火性能和保温性能,发现聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料在保温方面效果显著;聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料保温材料可以应用于外墙外保温构造、内墙内保温构造、屋面工程保温构造。     

相变储能保温砂浆的应用及节能效果

研制的相变储能保温砂浆具有保温隔热、A级防火、相变调温、低碳环保等特点,用于内外墙保温具有显著的节能效果。     

新型阻燃体系对木塑防火涂层阻燃性能的影响

采用隔热性能试验、热失重分析(TG)、傅里叶红外光谱分析(FTIR)以及显微分析等方法,研究了两种改性材料膨胀石墨(EG)和云母对膨胀防火涂层防火性能和热降解行为的影响。结果表明:EG与云母加入后不会改变涂层的基本阻燃进程,且会提高膨胀炭质层的热稳定性,涂层的阻燃效果显著改善。     

Study of the relationship between thermal insulation behavior and microstructure of a fire‐resistant gel containing silica during heating

Adding a transparent gel containing silica between 2 sheets of glass could improve the fire resistance of laminated glazing by its thermal intumescent behavior at high temperature. In this study, a custom fire test shows that the glazing reaches the highest thermal insulation rating of 40 minutes when the molar ratio of SiO₂ and Na₂O in the gel is 4.0, but above this ratio, the thermal insulation rating of the glazing decreases with the increasing silica content. Thermal and scanning electron microscopic analyses have been used to investigate the thermal behavior and microstructure of the residual layer, respectively. The results indicate that, although the high silica content is responsible for the high amount of residue that is essential in the formation of a protection barrier between fire‐exposed and unexposed sides of the glass, it is not the only factor that resulted in the improved thermal insulation of the glazing.     

Insulation failure of lightweight composite sandwich panels exposed to flame

A critical consideration for the serviceability of composite sandwich panels is their thermal behaviour during fire incidents. This research aims to observe the thermal performance and investigate the insulation failure of the lightweight concrete sandwich panels (LCSPs) in non-load bearing wall systems. Six standard one-sided coupling fire tests on LCSPs in accordance with Australian standard AS 1530.4 were conducted via an electrical furnace; measured by thermocouples and a thermal camera, to assess the insulation capacity and their behaviour during fire events. The results indicated that the sandwich panels have insulation capacity for 75 to 110 minutes depending on the thickness and density. The bowing of the panels due to the expansion of the exposed steel shield and the consequent de-bonding and cracking of concrete was one of the primary reasons of insulation failure. Additionally, this bowing led to the opening of the joints between the panels, which could allow the heat flows towards the unexposed surface. Moreover, the propagation of accelerated drying shrinkage cracks in the restrained concrete core was another reason for the failure. Lastly, the results suggested the benefits of increasing the thickness and density on thermal performance and insulation failure of the composite sandwich panels.     

浅谈有机保温材料性能与应用

文章通过对常见有机保温材料性能进行比较,利用SBI、CONE、导热系数测定仪等分析方法,结合吸水率、强度等物理性能,发现在使用有机保温材料进行节能减排的同时,伴随着消防安全的危险性。各种有机保温材料的保温性能、燃烧性能及物理性能之间的制约影响了其在实际工程中的使用。     

空心玻璃微球隔热保温板的制备及其理化特性

将空心玻璃微球（hollow glass microspheres,HGM）与饱和硝酸铝溶液混合,经520℃保温30min热处理后制备出刚性保温板。测试了保温板的导热系数、抗压强度和燃烧性能,讨论了HGM粒子密度和平均粒径对保温板导热系数的影响。结果表明：保温板的导热系数随HGM粒子密度的下降而降低,当粒子的粒子密度为0.18 g/cm3时,保温板的导热系数为0.072 W/（m.K）,抗压强度为2.2 MPa;当HGM的平均粒径小于30μm时,保温板的实测导热系数与Dul＇nev提出的预测方程的计算结果相接近,HGM保温板的燃烧性能达到A1级不燃材料要求,可满足建筑保温和防火的要求。     

Heat transfer model for a cementitious‐based insulation with moisture

The lack of actual thermal properties of fire insulation materials lead to erroneous temperature prediction of protected structural steel members. For cementitious‐based fire insulations, moisture held in the pores significantly alters the thermal response of the material. In this study, a heat transfer model is proposed to accurately predict the thermal response of cementitious‐based fire insulations. The effects of the moisture and the decomposition of calcium hydroxide are incorporated in the thermal properties of the selected insulation material. The model was validated against the thermal response of the material obtained experimentally using the finite element programme abaqus (LAF Group, Sydney, NSW, Australia). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Flame retardant biogenic building insulation materials from hemp fiber

Biogenic thermal insulation materials are in high demand because of its carbon-sequestration nature. However, high flammability, moisture condensation, and relatively high thermal conductivity of biogenic material are major concerns for sustainable building applications. In this study, we report the fire-retardant cellulose xerogel insulation nanocomposites derived from hemp fiber recycling and silica xerogel, in which the boric acid treatment improves its fire retardancy. The as-prepared materials show a low thermal conductivity of 31.3 mW/m K, high flexural modulus of 665 MPa, hydrophobicity with the water contact angle of 115°, and fire retardancy with 30% weight loss over a period of burning time 10 min. Overall, this work provides an effective method for the synthesis of fire-retardant biogenic thermal insulation materials and shows a promising way for next-generation bio-based insulation materials.     

外墙纳米保温隔热涂装一体化系统

新型外墙纳米保温隔热涂装一体化系统由保温隔热腻子、柔性细腻子、封闭底漆、纳米保温隔热涂料、疏水型弹性反射隔热涂料构成。该系统具有涂层薄、隔热保温性能好、黏结力强、耐温变性好、防水抗渗、耐污抗裂、阻燃防火、安全环保等特点,且施工简便,性价比高。