鹅观草种质资源醇溶蛋白遗传多样性研究

以8个地理类群的90份鹅观草野生种质材料为研究对象,采用A-PAGE(酸性聚丙烯酰胺)凝胶电泳技术进行蛋白质水平遗传多样性检测.研究结果表明,来源于不同居群的鹅观草共分离出26条谱带,每个材料可以分离出5～26条迁移率不同的谱带, 平均谱带数为16.39条,其中平均多态性谱带为12.65条,多态性比例为77.22%;基于供试材料醇溶蛋白每个位点谱带出现的频率,分别计算了地理类群内多样性指数(0.345)和总多样性指数(0.471),类群间的遗传分化系数为26.8%,表明鹅观草变异的73.2% 来源于类群内;90份供试材料醇溶蛋白的Jaccard遗传相似系数变异范围为0.133 3～1.000,平均遗传相似系数为0.395 7;利用种子醇溶蛋白可将90份材料分为12类,鹅观草种质资源之间的亲缘关系呈现出一定的地域性规律;不同地理类群间的遗传多样性指数从高到低的排列顺序依次为云南＞四川＞内蒙古＞新疆＞山西＞甘肃＞宁夏＞河北.因此在进行鹅观草种质资源收集和原地保护时,建议对云南和四川地区的鹅观草种质资源应给予极大关注.     

不同地区金线莲种质资源品质分析及综合评价

为筛选优质的金线莲种质资源,以13个来源于不同地区的金线莲种质为材料,分析测量了其表观性状和相关的功能成分含量。结果表明:金线莲的含水率较高,为85.07%~90.91%,醇溶性浸出物含量为13.62%~41.71%,总黄酮含量为8.15~40.72 mg/g,多糖含量为2.10%~25.61%;种质之间含水率差异较小,但醇溶性浸出物等功能成分差异显著;醇溶性浸出物含量与总黄酮含量呈正相关,含水率、多糖含量与醇溶性浸出物、总黄酮呈负相关;台湾金线莲、云南大圆叶金线莲和福建大叶金线莲综合评价得分最高;湖南郴州金线莲中醇溶性浸出物含量达41.71%、总黄酮含量为40.72 mg/g,显著高于其它品种;5种福建金线莲品种(系)的醇溶性浸出物和总黄酮含量最少,多糖含量较高。综上:台湾金线莲、云南大圆叶金线莲、福建大叶金线莲和湖南郴州金线莲利用价值高,推广前景广阔。     

国际半干旱热带地区作物研究所花生微核心种质含油量及脂肪酸分析与鉴定

以国际半干旱热带地区作物研究所(ICRISAT)花生微核心种质为材料,系统分析测试含油量和脂肪酸组成。分析结果表明,ICRISAT花生微核心种质的含油量平均为51.67%,变异范围49.16%~55.44%,珍珠豆型资源的含油量高于其他类型,发掘出高油种质1份。在主要脂肪酸中,棕榈酸平均含量10.74%,变异范围7.9%~13.5%;硬脂酸2.85%,变异范围1.8%~3.9%;油酸46.36%,变异范围37.0%~64.7%;亚油酸32.86%,变异范围18.0%~40.4%;饱和脂肪酸含量19.21%,变异范围15.2%~22.1%。普通型花生的油酸含量高于其他类型,而亚油酸和棕榈酸含量低于其他类型。发掘出高油酸种质4份,低棕榈酸种质19份,低饱和脂肪酸种质7份。通过脂肪酸组成的分析,高油酸种质和低饱和脂肪酸种质均同时具备低棕榈酸的优良特性。SSR分析结果表明,这些种质的遗传差异相对较大。根据5对SSR引物的扩增结果,绘制了20份资源的分子指纹图谱,为这些优质资源的保护和有效利用奠定了基础。     

云南野生猕猴桃资源调查及遗传多样性研究北大核心CSCD

为明确云南猕猴桃属种质资源的遗传背景,进一步发掘利用和保护野生种质资源,本研究对滇东北、滇东、滇东南、滇南和滇西北等5个野生猕猴桃资源主要分布区域开展实地调查和收集,对果实进行形态学鉴定评价分析,采用高效液相色谱法对果实糖酸、VC含量进行测定分析,利用10对SSR引物对211份野生猕猴桃资源进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明:云南野外分布有中华猕猴桃、美味猕猴桃、京梨猕猴桃、紫果猕猴桃、贡山猕猴桃等多种猕猴桃属植物,表型性状丰富多样,其中滇东北昭通地区的野生资源类型分布最为丰富广泛。66份资源的总糖含量范围为0.08%~8.90%,其中含量0.08%~5%的资源占比为57.58%;45份资源的总酸含量范围为0.75%~2.90%,其中含量1%~2%的资源占比为71.11%;61份资源VC含量范围为4.74~523 mg/100 g,含量为0~100 mg/100 g的资源占比78.69%、含量为100~200 mg/100 g的资源占比19.67%、含量为200 mg/100 g以上的资源占比1.64%。所考察野生资源的果实总糖、总酸和VC含量存在明显差异和多样性。10对SSR引物共扩增出421条条带,其中多态性条带421条,多态性比率为100%,对211份种质材料的区分率达100%,平均有效等位基因数为1.077,Shannon′s信息指数为0.1246,从DNA层面印证了云南猕猴桃属种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性,并筛选出6份具有较高开发利用价值的野生资源。本研究为加快云南猕猴桃属种质资源的研究利用提供参考。     

花生种质资源表型性状的综合评价及指标筛选

分析花生种质资源表型性状的变异规律,构建花生种质资源的综合评价体系,筛选最优的评价指标。本研究以40份花生种质资源的17个表型性状为研究对象,利用变异系数与Shannon-Weaver指数对表型性状的多样性进行分析,采用聚类分析、主成分分析以及逐步回归分析对花生种质资源进行了综合评价和鉴定指标的筛选。结果表明:17个表型性状的变异系数变化范围为4.15%~31.82%,油酸、亚油酸以及蔗糖含量等性状变异丰富,出仁率、粗脂肪及蛋白质含量等性状较稳定;多样性指数变化范围为1.39~2.06,主茎高、百仁重及蛋白质含量等性状分布比较均匀,油酸、亚油酸及棕榈酸等性状分级及分布较不均匀。聚类分析把40份花生种质资源分为4个类群。主成分分析把17个表型性状归为5个主成分(累计贡献率80.41%,反映出17个表型性状的大部分信息),依次为花生籽粒含油量因子、籽粒含糖量因子及丰产性因子,以上因子可以较准确的评价花生种质。花生种质表型性状的综合评价由F值大小判定,F值均值为0.73,开农176的F值最高,阜花12号的F值最低。由逐步回归分析筛选出8个表型性状:单株鲜果重、百果重、出仁率、粗脂肪、蛋白质含量、棕榈酸、油酸和蔗糖含量。花生种质资源遗传多样性较丰富,综合评价F值可以为花生种质资源评价提供参考,筛选的8个表型性状可以作为花生种质资源性状评价指标。     

栽培稻种质资源的深根比鉴定评价北大核心CSCD

干旱是水稻生产中最严重的非生物胁迫,增强根系对深层土壤水分的吸取能力是提高水稻抗旱性的重要育种目标。为筛选优异抗旱稻种资源,本研究对2234份栽培稻种质资源进行了以深根比为鉴定指标的避旱性鉴定评价,在水分梯度抗旱大棚中对131份具有不同深根比的种质进行了孕穗期抗旱性鉴定评价。供试材料的深根比变异范围为8.6%~60.1%,平均深根比为25.8%,47.2%材料的深根比集中在20%~30%之间,25.2%材料的深根比低于20%,深根比超过40%的高深根比种质仅占6.1%;国外材料中高深根比种质比例达到了24.4%,其次是上海(17.9%)和湖南(15.6%),广东、贵州和广西的高深根比种质比例均低于1%;地方品种的深根比略高于育成品种(系),地方品种的高深根比种质比例也高于育成品种(系);粳稻深根比高于籼稻深根比,粳稻中高深根比种质比例是籼稻的3.6倍;在籼稻种质中,湖南籼稻材料中高深根比种质比例较高,而广东、广西和贵州等省的籼稻种质中都只有1份高深根比种质。孕穗期抗旱性鉴定结果显示,高深根比种质中的高抗旱材料比例是低深根比材料的3.2倍、是中等深根比材料的2.0倍。综合分析干旱胁迫和正常水分条件下的结实率以及两种情况下的每穗粒数比值和结实率比值等抗旱性鉴定指标,筛选获得26份抗旱性优异材料,可作为水稻节水抗旱育种优良亲本和应用于抗旱基因挖掘。     

93份贵州地方辣椒资源品质性状分析

对93份贵州地方辣椒资源的品质性状进行了分析,结果表明:粗纤维含量在22.99%~44.06%之间,牛角椒含量最高,为33.71%;粗脂肪含量在11.49%~27.46%之间,锥形椒含量最高,为21.55%;蛋白质含量在12.81%~22.97%之间,指形椒含量最高,为18.78%;辣椒素含量在0.28~7.61 mg/g之间,指形椒含量最高,为4.47 mg/g;4个指标的平均隶属度值在0.21~0.68之间,超过0.60的辣椒资源有S106、S103、S072和S016;聚类分析表明,93份辣椒资源按平均隶属度大小可分为四大类型,即高品质型、中品质型、一般品质型和特殊品质型。贵州地方辣椒种质资源品质性状分析可为辣椒种质资源的创新利用、新品种的选育奠定基础。     

不同居群不同部位头花蓼总黄酮含量研究

以原产贵州、四川的10个头花蓼收集系为材料,采用紫外分光光度法,研究了各头花蓼收集系植株不同部位总黄酮含量的变异,以便找出总黄酮含量较高的头花蓼收集系及其头花蓼植株上总黄酮含量较高的部位,为头花蓼药业提供指导。结果表明,不同部位头花蓼总黄酮含量差异很大,其含量大小依次为老茎>花>嫩叶>老叶>嫩茎。头花蓼老茎、花中总黄酮含量在不同居群间差异显著,其它部位差异不显著。四川都江堰居群老茎总黄酮含量最高,达2.761%,显著高于其它收集系。     

基于灰色关联的苗药红禾麻总黄酮含量影响因子分析

采用Al Cl3比色法对苗药红禾麻42个居群中的总黄酮含量进行分析测定,并用土壤养分测定仪测定对应产地土壤中的铵态氮、速效磷、有效钾、p H值和水分,通过向距产地较近的气象部门查询和以全球卫星定位系统GPS、海拔表等测定地理气候因子,结合42个居群红禾麻ISSR遗传多样性分析结果,运用灰色关联度分析法对红禾麻不同种质资源药材中总黄酮的含量与各影响因子进行相关性分析。结果表明:42个红禾麻不同种质资源药材总黄酮含量为0.42%~2.16%,平均加样回收率为97.86%,RSD为1.5%;环境因子和遗传因子中与总黄酮含量关联度较大的因素分别为无霜期和Shannon信息指数I,而各影响因子与总黄酮含量的关联度中,以Shannon信息指数I(r=1.03)最大,土壤p H(r=0.49)最小,表明遗传因子对红禾麻药材总黄酮含量的影响大于环境因子。该研究结果为红禾麻药材优良种质资源筛选及野生变家种研究提供了依据。     

山西不同生态型大豆种质资源蛋白亚基的变异

选用山西57份不同生态型大豆种质资源为材料,利用SDS-PAGE梯度电泳技术分离11S球蛋白和7S伴球蛋白各主要亚基,通过Quantity One 4.52软件得出11S和7S及其亚基的相对含量。结果表明,不同生态型大豆种质资源间同一亚基相对含量存在较大变异,其中变异系数最大的为β亚基,变异幅度为7.32%-21.71%,变异系数为17.46%。11S/7S比值平均值为1.78±0.33,变异幅度为1.46%-3.45%,变异系数为18.55%,差异较大。11S、7S含量与蛋白质和脂肪含量没有相关性。可以看出大豆蛋白亚基相对含量随品种和产地变化存在明显的变异。同时发现4份自然变异的特异大豆种质,为专用型优质大豆品种的选育及大豆食品加工原料的选择提供重要的参考种质。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.     

人血管能抑素基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的纯化和生物活性测定

以人胎盘脐带组织为材料,提取组织总RNA,用netRTPCR方法合成人血管能抑素cDNA基因,将该cDNA克隆进pSP72载体获得重组质粒pSP72C, DNA序列分析结果与预期序列一致。用BamHⅠ和NdeⅠ双酶切,切下pSP72C上的血管能抑素cDNA,插入pET3c载体的相应位点获得重组表达质粒pETC, 转化E. coli BL21(DE3), SDSPAGE分析显示：在IPTG诱导下,血管能抑素基因获得了高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 27.9 %,主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经过洗涤、裂解、蛋白复性以及Sephadex G75凝胶过滤层析等步骤后,获得了纯度达91.4 %的人血管能抑素。CAM实验证明10 μg纯化蛋白就能显著抑制鸡胚新生血管生成。