学龄期儿童适应技能评定量表的信度和效度研究

目的：考察学龄期儿童适应技能评定量表的信度和效度。方法；从同质性信度、重测信度、评定者一致性信度等方面进行信度检验。并对量表的结构效度进行了检验。结果：（1）各适应技能领域的Cronbach'sα系数在0.32-0.99之间；分半相关系数为0.92-0.99；各领域重测相关系数为0.76-0.99，总分重测相关系数为0.98；各领域评定者一致性系数为0.92-0.99，总分评定者一致性系数为0.98。（2）因素分析结果表明该量表四个领域较多地负荷一个因子。（3）适应技能总分与C-WISC的全量表相关系数为0.36，与儿童适应行为评定量表总分的相关系数为0.67。结论：学龄前儿童适应技能评定量表的信、效度指标较为理想，基本符合心理计量学要求。     

军人状态-特质焦虑量表的初步编制

目的：编制军人状态-特质焦虑量表。方法：通过对130名军人的预测和357名军人的进一步测试，分析量表的信度和效度指标。结果：量表的内部一致性信度较好，Alpha系数为总量表0．92，状态焦虑量表0．83，特质焦虑量表0．87；效度分析：分量表之间及其与量表总分的相关系数均在0．80以上。结论：军人状态-特质焦虑量表经初步测试．信效度良好。     

Barratt冲动量表用于儿童的信度和效度初步研究

目的：考察父母评BIS冲动评定量表的信度和效度。方法：从分半信度、重测信度、以及同质性信度等方面进行信度检验。效度主要从以下两方面加以考察：①结构效度：包括内部一致性和因素结构两方面；②效标效度：包括冲动评定量表与CBCL、Conners量表的多动冲动因子的相关，并比较研究组与异常组得分的差异结果：分半相关系数0．722；重测信度为0．825；量表及因子内部一致性α系数为：注意0．387、运动0．64l、缺少计划0．643、总分0．794；与Conners的多动冲动因子及CBCL的相应因子相关：分析量表因素提了取出6个因子：异常组得分明最较研究组高。结论：父母量袭BIS评定量表的信，效度均较理想．符合心理计量学要求。     

学龄期儿童适应技能评定量表信、效度研究

目的:检验学龄期儿童适应技能评定量表的信度和效度。方法:采用重测相关、分半相关、Cronbach α系数及评分者一致性系数检验量表的信度;效度检验主要包括结构效度和效标效度两方面。结果:①本量表各领域α系数在0.83-0.96之间,分半相关系数在0.76-0.89之间,重测相关系数在0.81-0.97之间,评分者一致性系数在0.89-0.94之间。②验证性因素分析结果显示,无论是总样本还是男、女性样本,x2/df均小于5,TLI、CFIF、NFI、IFI均大于0.9,RMSEA均小于0.08,数据与理论构想相符;③本量表适应技能总分与中国韦氏儿童智力量表的言语量表分、操作量表分和全量表分的相关系数分别为0.62,0.44和0.60,二者呈中度相关;本量表适应总分与儿童适应行为评定量表行为总分相关系数为0.40;④适应总分与学业成绩相关系数为0.34,适应不良与学业成绩相关系数为-0.58。结论:学龄期儿童适应技能评定量表的信、效度达到心理测量学要求,四因素模型可合理解释该量表的结构。     

SRHMS V1.0评价深圳特区人群健康状况的信度效度分析

目的：用自测健康评定量表（SRHMS V1．0）评价深圳人群健康状况的信度和效度。方法：应用SRHMSVI：0对5940名探圳市民进行测试。结果：SRHMS V1.0的Cronbach α系数为0．924；三个子量表及各维度的Cronbach α系数在0．667-0．877之间。SRHMS V1．0的两个分半量表的相关系数为0．604。SRHMS V1．0的条目分与其维度分相关系数较大，而与其它维度分的相关系数较小；维度分与其子量表分相关系数较大，而与其它子量表分的相关系数较小。因子分析得到的9个因子与SRHMS V1．0的理论构想基本一致。SRHMS V1．0量表总分以及三个子量表分与其条目得分均存在密切关联。结论：SRHMS V1．0具有较好的信度和效度。     

简易精神症状自陈量表的信度和效度

目的:检验简易精神症状自陈量表的信度和效度。方法:在精神医学鉴定对象、普通精神科患者及正常人三组人群中用该量表进行测试,部分测试对象同时实施MMPI,并间隔5-15日后予以重测。结果:①全量表的Cron-bach’sα系数为0.91;量表的分半信度为0.90;重测信度为0.73～0.98。②各因子与全量表总分相关在0.79～0.87之间;各因子之间相关在0.50～0.65之间。全量表总分与MMPI的Fake分量表相关系数为0.76;以专家评定为校标,量表判定伪装的总准确率为86.6%。结论:简易精神症状评定量表具有良好的信度和效度。     

TAS-20中文版的信度、效度分析

目的：建立多伦多述情障碍20个条目量表(TAS-20)的中文版，并分析其信、效度。方法：416名大学生完成了TAS-20，分析量表的内部一致性和重测信度、条目间平均相关系数、总分与各因子间的相关系数，并进行验证性因子分析。结果：TAS-20中文版的Cronbach’s a系数为0．83；重测信度为0．87；条目间平均相关系数在0．13～0．32之间；总分与各因子的相关系数在0．72～0．82之间，各因子间的相关系数在0．29～0．54之间；条目对因子负荷系数在0．25～0．76之间，复相关系数在0．06～0．57之间；验证性因子分析的指标：NFI(0．973)、CFI(0．987)、TLI(0．984．)、χ^2／df(1．781)、REMEA(0．055)均符合测量学要求。结论：TAS-20中文版具有良好的信、效度，在我国也是一种较好的述情障碍测评工具。     

PTSD症状自评量表的信效度初步评价

目的：编制创伤后应激障碍症状自评量表。方法：根据诊断标准和Kubany的痛苦事件量表相结合来编制量表；在284名大学生、87名受灾居民和70名消防官兵中进行信度和效度检验。结果：量表的一致性系数为0．88-0．94，重测信度为0.83-0．88，与SCL90的焦虑、抑郁和恐怖因子的相关性在0．73以上，与DSM-IV的诊断符合率在90％以上。结论：量表有很好的信效度．可以用于评估创伤后应激障碍的症状及其严重程度。     

WHOQOL-BREF在广泛性焦虑症患者中应用的信度及效度研究

目的：评估世界卫生组织生命质量测定量表简表在广泛性焦虑症病人中的信度和效度。方法：由专业医生对42例符合CCMD-3广泛性焦虑症诊断标准的门诊初诊患者评定世界卫生组织生命质量测定量表简表、健康状况调查问卷、汉密顿焦虑量表和大体评定量表，在治疗第四周予以重测。对量表的内部一致性信度、重测信度、平行效度及经验效度等指标进行分析。结果：WHOQOI-BREF的Guttman分半信度为0．767，Cronbach’s α系数为0．827，各维度的Cronbach's α系数较好，重测后各项目的相关系数均在0.348～0．646之间；WHOQOL-BREF的生理、心理、社会关系和环境分量表与SF-36多数分量表呈显著相关，WHOQOL-BREF的生理、心理、社会关系和环境分量表与GAS评分呈显著正相关；广泛性焦虑症患者的焦虑症状评分与WHOQOL-BREF的多个分量表分呈显著性负相关，经治后广泛性焦虑症患者生命质量及焦虑症状均有显著性的改善，具有统计学意义。结论：WHOQOL-BREF具有较好的信度和效度，能较全面地评价广泛性焦虑症患者生命质量。     

认知功能电话问卷修订版(TICS-m)在痴呆测查中的应用

目的：检测认知功能电话问卷修订版(TICS-m)在中国老年人中应用的信度和效度。方法：痴呆组病人62例，对照组为健康老人63名。采用TICS-m进行面访和电话访问。结果：TICS-m各部分面访与电话访问的相关系数0．79～0．97，不同评定员之间的评分一致性相关系数0．89～0．97，量表的重测信度为0．91～0．98。TICS-m总分和记忆力部分的敏感性较高。与简短精神状态检查法(MMSE)、临床痴呆评定量表(CDR)的相关系数分别为0．81～0．92、-0．68～-0．92，而与日常生活量表(ADL)的相关系数仅为-0．51～-0．66。结论：电话访问与TICS-m面访一致性好，具有较好的信度和效度，可用于痴呆的临床和流行病学调查。     

Association between functional alterations of senescence and senility and disorders of gait and balance

OBJECTIVES:

Declines in cognition and mobility are frequently observed in the elderly, and it has been suggested that the appearance of gait disorders in older individuals may constitute a marker of cognitive decline that precedes significant findings in functional performance screening tests. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between functional capacities and gait and balance in an elderly community monitored by the Preventive and Integrated Care Unit of the Hospital Adventista Silvestre in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

METHODS:

Elderly individuals (193 females and 90 males) were submitted to a broad geriatric evaluation, which included the following tests: 1) a performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA) to evaluate gait; 2) a mini-mental state examination (MMSE); 3) the use of Katz and Lawton scales to assess functional capacity; 4) the application of the geriatric depression scale (GDS); and 5) a mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) scale.

RESULTS:

Reductions in MMSE, Katz and Lawton scores were associated with reductions in POMA scores, and we also observed that significant reductions in POMA scores were present in persons for whom the MMSE and Katz scores did not clearly indicate cognitive dysfunction. We also demonstrated that a decline in the scores obtained with the GDS and MNA scales was associated with a decline in the POMA scores.

CONCLUSIONS:

Considering that significant alterations in the POMA scores were observed prior to the identification of significant alterations in cognitive capacity using either the MMSE or the Katz systems, a prospective study seems warranted to assess the predictive capacity of POMA scores regarding the associated decline in functional capacity.     

男性乳腺发育症临床病理分析及雌,孕激素受体检测

对１１３例男性乳腺发育症进行临床病理分析。同时检测其中３０例乳腺组织中雌激素受体和孕激素受体分布情况，结果发现两者阳性率分别为８０．０％和８３．３３％。结合文献讨论了男性乳腺发育症的发生与高血清激素浓度及乳腺组织高受体水平的关系。     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能性的转化,成为目前研究的短板。本文就纳米颗粒/材料在分子成像及诊疗一体化中的应用现状、最新研究进展、面临的挑战和未来前景进行述评。     

壬基酚与卵清蛋白的结合与鉴定

目的：合成壬基酚与卵清蛋白的偶联物。方法：在磷酸盐（PBS，pH=8．0）缓冲液中利用甲醛通过曼尼希反应连接壬基酚与卵清蛋白（OVA）；通过抗体芯片技术与紫外扫描鉴定偶联物。结果：壬基酚与OVA偶联成功，壬基酚单克隆抗体对偶联物的识别浓度小于2．68μg／ml。结论：本方法可用于壬基酚与卵清蛋白的偶联，且方法简单易实现。     

Pathology and genetics of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma

Phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PHEO/PGL) are rare tumours with an estimated annual incidence of 3 per million. Advances in molecular understanding have led to the recognition that at least 30–40% arise in the setting of hereditary disease. Germline mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase genes SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD and SDHAF2 are the most prevalent of the more than 19 hereditary genetic abnormalities which have been reported. It is therefore recommended that, depending on local resources and availability, at least some degree of genetic testing should be offered to all PHEO/PGL patients, including those with clinically sporadic disease. It is now accepted that that all PHEO/PGL have some metastatic potential; therefore, concepts of benign and malignant PHEO/PGL have no meaning and have been replaced by a risk stratification approach. Although there is broad acceptance that certain features, including high proliferative activity, invasive growth, increased cellularity, large tumour nests and comedonecrosis, are associated with an increased risk of metastasis, it remains difficult to predict the clinical behaviour of individual tumours and no single risk stratification scheme is endorsed or in widespread use. In this review, we provide an update on advances in the pathology and genetics of PHEO/PGL with an emphasis on the changes introduced in the WHO 2017 classification of endocrine neoplasia relevant to practising surgical pathologists.     

Alterations of regular and mature monocytes are distinct,and dependent of intensity and duration of exercise

Circulating monocytes comprise functionally distinct regular (CD14^bright+) and mature (CD141^low+) cells. Cell surface receptors were determined by three colour flow cytometry in 8 healthy control subjects. Compared to regular monocytes, mature monocytes had lower levels of the high affinity Fcy receptor 1 (CD64), complement receptor 3 (CDllb), CD45RO and higher levels for HLA-DR, LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), interleukin-2 receptor (CD25), CD45RA and the Fc receptor 3 (CD16). Both regular and mature monocytes were measured before and up to three hours after four different types of exercise (Ex) in endurance trained athletes (n=9-16). Immediately after anaerobic exercise of I min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of I2.3 (SD I.4) mmol · l^–1 and exhaustive exercise of 24 (SD 8) min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of 7.4 (SD 2.6) mmol· l^–1 mature monocytes increased more than regular monocytes. Exhaustive endurance exercise of 87 (SD 21) min [la_max 3.7 (SD I.0)] led to a similar increase of regular and mature monocytes. 15–33 min after a 100km run regular monocytes increased significantly, whereas mature monocytes decreased. Up to three hours after the end of all exercises mature monocytes fell below pre-exercise values. In conclusion, duration and intensity of exercise alter distinct maturation stages of monocytes differently. It is probable that the avidity of adhesion molecules like LFA-1 to their endothelial ligands is increased to enable the firm attachment to the endothelium.     

Pre- and postnatal development of catecholamine-containing and cholinesterase-positive nerves of the rat cornea and iris

Summary Glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence technique and a copper thiocholine method were used to investigate the ontogenesis of the catecholamine-containing and cholinesterase-positive nerves of the rat iris and cornea.First fluorescent nerve fibres appeared in the iris on the 18th gestation day and in the cornea on the 19th day. A rapid increase in the density of the adrenergic nerve fibres of the iris continued to the age of three weeks, while the number of such fibres were small in the cornea.Acetylcholinesterase-positive fibres appeared both in the cornea and in the iris on the 19th gestation day. Their density increased more rapidly in the iris, especially in the sphincter muscle, than in the cornea.Non-specific cholinesterase activity was localized in the Schwann cells and the reaction was more intense during development than in the nerves of the cornea of adult rats.     

韧带和肌腱的生物力学和力学生物学研究

国际韧带和肌腱研讨会(The International Symposium on Ligaments and Tendons,ISI&T)于2000年在美国佛罗里达州奥兰多市首次召开。研讨会的宗旨是引起对韧带和肌腱研究的重视,并为生物工程师、生物学家、临床医师提供一个可以分享、评论、讨论韧带和肌腱最新研究成果的论坛。从2000年起,国际韧带和肌腱研讨会已经开展了15届;每届研讨会上涌现了大量令人振奋的关于当前韧带和肌腱研究热点和未来挑战的讨论。多年来,韧带和肌腱领域内的研究数量大幅增加,研究质量不断提升。为纪念《医用生物力学》杂志创刊30周年,本文总结过去30年里韧带和肌腱研究的主要进展,包括组织力学、力学生物学、损伤与治愈机制、组织修复和再生。