三种血液透析液的透析效果调查分析

对使用过的三种不同血液透析液的患者 ,透析前后血液生化检查结果及透析过程不良反应进行了分析 ,从而为设计优良血液透析液提供临床治疗学的依据     

碳酸氢钠透析液的配制与使用

目的配制人工肾透析液。方法根据处方进行无菌配制。结果个体化透析需要。结论由于肾病患者,个体差异较大,透过个体给药,达到良好的治疗效果。     

碳酸氢钠透析液的研制与临床应用

人工肾透析液是一种含多种离子或非离子物质的溶液,具有一定的渗透压,对排除体内代谢废物(如尿素、肌酐等),清除体内毒素或过量的药物,调节水电解质平衡等疗效确切,适用于急、慢性肾功能衰竭和药物中毒的病人。 我院使用的透析机为瑞典金宝公司AK-100型人工肾透析机,处方由瑞典金宝公司提供,是一种含碳酸氢钠的无糖型透析液。为了防止钙、镁沉淀,分别配制A、B两液。透析时,透析机自动将A液:B液:蒸馏水按1:1.83:34的比例稀     

温度对碳酸氢钠透析液中葡萄糖含量测定的影响

目的：研究碳酸氢钠透析液A液中葡萄糖含量偏高的原因。方法：对不同温度下碳酸氢钠透析液A液中的葡萄糖含量、pH值、钙镁总量、氯总量进行测定，并设对照组。结果：溶液中葡萄糖含量随温度升高测定值也升高。结论：碳酸氢钠透析液A液应放至室温下测定葡萄糖的含量。     

因临床需要研究的三种新药分析

分析三种新药的临床需要,可行性及临床治疗效果。     

环丙沙星在腹膜透析液中的稳定性考察

对乳酸环丙沙星在腹膜透析液中的长期稳定性进行了研究。乳酸环丙沙星按２５ｍｇ／Ｌ加入腹膜透析液中，在５℃、３７℃和室温（２６￣２８℃）条件下，在０、０．５、１、２、３、５、７、１０、１４、２１、２８、３５、５１ｄ取样，用紫外分光光度法在２７５ｎｍ处测定了环丙沙星的浓度，结果表明乳酸环丙沙星在腹膜透析中对上述条件下均稳定。     

32例血液透析患者动静脉内瘘护理体会

目的:探讨维持性血液透析患者动静脉内瘘的护理方法。方法:选择2011年1月—2013年9月维持性血液透析自体动静脉内瘘患者32例,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组16例。实验组采用个体化内瘘指导和保护措施,护士全程跟踪;对照组采用常规护理方法。结果:实验组内瘘并发症的发生率低于对照组,内瘘使用时间较对照组长,血流量高于对照组(P<0.05)。     

血液透析过程中低血压的原因分析及护理干预

目的:探讨血液透析患者行血液透析时出现低血压的常见原因,探讨实施护理干预的临床效果.方法:选择吴江区第一人民医院2014年10月至2015年12月收治的进行血液透析的70例患者作为研究对象,随机分为实验组和对照组,两组均有35例患者,对照组实施常规护理,实验组探讨发生低血压的原因,并实施针对性的护理措施,观察两组护理效果.结果:发生低血压的主要原因有:血容量下降、透析液因素、药物因素、进食过多/过快、自主神经功能病变等等因素,实验组患者对低血压的相关因素进行针对性的护理干预后,低血压发生率显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:对血液透析患者在医治过程中实施针对低血压的护理干预措施,能显著降低低血压发生率,减少心脑血管并发症的发生,保证患者透析治疗的安全,值得临床推广.     

血液透析过程中低血压的原因分析及护理干预

目的:探讨血液透析患者行血液透析时出现低血压的常见原因,探讨实施护理干预的临床效果。方法:选择吴江区第一人民医院2014年10月至2015年12月收治的进行血液透析的70例患者作为研究对象,随机分为实验组和对照组,两组均有35例患者,对照组实施常规护理,实验组探讨发生低血压的原因,并实施针对性的护理措施,观察两组护理效果。结果:发生低血压的主要原因有:血容量下降、透析液因素、药物因素、进食过多/过快、自主神经功能病变等等因素,实验组患者对低血压的相关因素进行针对性的护理干预后,低血压发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:对血液透析患者在医治过程中实施针对低血压的护理干预措施,能显著降低低血压发生率,减少心脑血管并发症的发生,保证患者透析治疗的安全,值得临床推广。     

透析液的改进与临床应用

介绍了碳酸氢盐透析液的制备、质量控制、稳定性试验、碳酸氢盐透析液与醋酸盐透析液应用比较。临床应用结果表明:碳酸氢盐质量稳定,不良反应的发生率明显降低。     

Readmissions for treatment for alcoholism

First admissions and readmissions for alcoholism have risen steeply in recent decades. This study looked at readmission histories for four cohorts of alcoholics first admitted to inpatient psychiatric treatment in 1967-68, 1973, 1977 or 1979. Over the twelve years the first cohort was observed, alcoholics on average spent 254 days in treatment and had 2.14 alcohol-related readmissions. However the distributions were very skewed: 50% stayed less than 92 days and 45.6% had no readmissions at all. All four cohorts yielded similar results over comparable time periods and all showed markedly skewed distributions reflecting the diversity of readmission histories among alcoholics. Policy decisions about alcoholism inpatient treatment must take account of this diversity.     

Projections for insulin treatment for diabetics

The evolution of insulin treatment of diabetes has dramatically changed the natural course of this disease. Modern recombinant DNA technology has brought about many new insulin analogues with improved pharmacokinetics, resulting in better glycemic control. In addition, improved insulin delivery systems, such as insulin pumps and pens, have been introduced to provide convenience and to enhance patient compliance. Efforts are currently being devoted to developing noninvasive insulin formulations, such as oral and pulmonary insulin. A number of products are at different stages of clinical trials. Meanwhile, the quest for a permanent cure for diabetes continues. The frontier of diabetes research has gone through a period of substantial expansion, with the emergence of new areas that include gene therapy, islet cell transplantation and diabetic vaccine. Technological breakthroughs, such as recombinant DNA, nanotechnology, microarray-aided genomics and proteomics, will provide more profound insights into the pathogenesis, and the immunological and biological basis of diabetes. Our growing knowledge in these areas will ultimately contribute to the discovery of preventive methods against or a cure for this disease.     

Control of craving for methamphetamine: development of scales for dependence and search for medicines for treatment]

Methamphetamine dependence presents a serious problem not only for patients but also for society. Medical treatment has mainly targeted psychotic symptoms such as hallucination and delusion, and ignored the symptoms of craving, which are the major cause of dependence. Therefore, the risk of lapse into methamphetamine reuse remains very high. Although development of both medicines and programs for treatment of craving is needed, progress has been hampered by the lack of appropriate scales for assessing the severity of dependence and craving. On the other hand, recent breakthroughs in genomic sciences and molecular medicine have made it possible to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying craving in animals. This paper reviews studies on the development of scales for assessing the severity of methamphetamine dependence and craving, together with recent data on candidate medicines for craving treatment in animals. The reliability and validity of the revised Addiction Severity Index -Japanese version (ASI-J) was confirmed after its administration to 100 drug abuse patients. The Craving Index was also newly developed, and its validity for prediction of relapse was confirmed. In animal experiments, fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, was recognized as a candidate medicine for treatment of methamphetamine dependence.     

Prospects for MEK inhibitors for treating cancer

Introduction: The MAPK pathway is a signaling network that plays a key role in many normal cellular processes and in a large number of human malignancies. One of its effectors, MEK, is essential for the carcinogenesis of different tumors. In recent years, several drugs able to inhibit MEK have been assessed in clinical trials. Trametinib has recently become the first MEK inhibitor licensed for cancer treatment (advanced melanoma).

Areas covered: We comprehensively review the safety and clinical efficacy of the family of MEK inhibitors, either alone or in combination with other drugs. We discuss data ranging from the Phase III trial of trametinib in melanoma to the most recent drugs with early signs of antitumor activity. In addition, we explain the reasons for the unsuccessful results of the early trials with MEK inhibitors and provide a view of their role in cancer treatment in forthcoming years.

Expert opinion: MEK inhibitors are a potentially safe and active treatment option for the treatment of many human malignancies. The information provided by a large series of studies currently ongoing will be very valuable in order to optimize their use. Adequate selection of patients is crucial for achieving successful results with these compounds.