红薯叶保健醋的研制

将红薯叶、糯米粉碎, 按1:4的比例混合,加入3.5倍水调浆,用α-淀粉酶液化,再用黄曲霉、黑曲霉制成的麸曲进行糖化,加入酵母菌和醋酸菌进行酒精发酵和醋酸发酵,研制出一种新型的红薯叶保健醋.通过正交实验得出:酒精发酵的最佳条件是pH 4.0,酒母用量0.3%,发酵时间5 d,红薯叶:糯米为1∶ 4;醋酸发酵最佳条件为:醋酸菌接种量为10%,发酵时间4d,发酵温度 32℃,酒精度为7%.     

黄伞菌丝体发酵型醋饮料的制备工艺

以黄伞发酵液、蔗糖为主要原料,通过酒精发酵和醋酸发酵,对黄伞菌丝体醋发酵工艺条件进行了初步探索.研究表明酒精发酵选择接种量10%、时间72～80 h、温度30 ℃为宜;醋酸发酵选择接种量11%、温度33 ℃、摇床转速160 r/min、起始pH值5.5、时间80 h为宜;黄伞菌丝体醋质量分数12%,再添加白砂糖和蜂蜜使其质量分数分别达8%和5%可得到酸甜可口、风味独特的黄伞菌丝体醋酸饮料.     

糯米酒发酵工艺优化

以优质糯米为原料对糯米酒发酵工艺参数进行优化,比较了3种酒曲的发酵性能,通过正交试验优化糯米酒生产工艺.结果表明,甜酒曲为最佳发酵酒曲,糯米酒生产的最佳工艺为糯米蒸煮15 min,酒曲量0.5%,发酵时间为48 h,料水比为10∶3（g∶m L）,在30℃下恒温发酵生产的糯米酒口感适宜,香气浓郁.     

甜荞保健酒糖化及酿制工艺研究

以贵州师范大学植物遗传育种研究所收获的甜荞种子为材料,采用单因素试验及正交试验对荞麦保健酒的糖化工艺和酿制工艺进行探索,结果显示:最优糖化工艺条件是糖化酶添加量为6%,糖化温度为60℃,糖化时间为45 min,pH值为4.5;荞麦保健酒酿制的最适接种量为5%,发酵温度25℃,添加SO2的质量浓度为120 mg/L,发酵时间8 d。     

果米双菌共酵制造苹果醋的工艺研究

以苹果、大米为原料,探讨快速生产苹果醋的工艺.酒精发酵的最佳关键技术条件:质量比为l∶1的苹果汁和大米糖化液的总糖浓度调整到13°Bx,加入0.15%(NH4)2SO4、0.15%KH2PO4、0.1%MgSO4,灭菌后25.5℃培养,酵母发酵最佳周期为100 h,可生产出酒精度为8.0%的酒精液.醋酸发酵的最佳关键技术条件:发酵初始酒精度为5.5%,接种量为7%(先接醋酸菌DT-2 4.2%,后接AD1为2.8%),培养温度28℃,摇瓶转速120 r/min,初始pH 5.5,发酵时间为6 d,苹果醋发酵过程中理想的加糖方式为分次加糖,产品质量和口感最佳.采用双菌共酵生产苹果醋,为苹果醋的生产提供更为广泛的原料来源,降低了生产成本,保证了苹果醋的风味和营养.     

混菌固态发酵啤酒糟的研究

利用不同原料配比进行混菌发酵啤酒糟来提高其蛋白质量分数研究.研究表明,利用木霉、黑曲霉和酵母混菌发酵,啤酒糟和麦夫皮配比为4∶1时,在28-30 ℃,含水量65%-70%条件下,发酵3 d后蛋白质质量分数提高到35%以上.     

混菌固态发酵啤酒糟的研究

利用不同原料配比进行混菌发酵啤酒糟来提高其蛋白质量分数研究 .研究表明 ,利用木霉、黑曲霉和酵母混菌发酵 ,啤酒糟和麦夫皮配比为 4∶1时 ,在 2 8- 30℃ ,含水量 6 5 % - 70 %条件下 ,发酵 3d后蛋白质质量分数提高到 35 %以上     

共固定化多菌种双轮发酵生产保健红醋的研究(Ⅰ)--共固定化多菌种酒精发酵条件的研究

对采用固定化多菌种进行酒精和醋酸的双轮发酵生产保健红醋的工艺进行了研究 .第一轮发酵以德氏根霉、酿酒酵母与产香酵母共固定化细胞对大米原料进行糖化和酒精发酵 .试验结果表明 :根霉、酿酒酵母与产香酵母共固定化细胞的最佳菌种量配比为 4∶3∶2 ;固定化细胞粒子接入量为 10 % ;第一轮糖化及酒精发酵的最适温度为 30～ 33℃ ,发酵时间为 70h左右 .     

精米厂节碎米发酵性饮料的研究

讨论了以节米碎米为主要原料 ,生产含汽发酵性饮料的工艺流程和工艺参数。结果表明 :将节米适度粉碎 ,有利用于糖化发酵的进行。采用以α -淀粉酶液化 (温度90℃ ,时间 30min ,用量 15u/g淀粉 ) ,酿酒酵母 (0 .0 1% )与酒曲 (0 .3% )混合发酵 ,以及发酵液混充CO2 等工艺 ,研制出的发酵性饮料口感好 ,风格突出。     

兰州冬果梨果酒工艺的研究

以兰州冬果梨为原料,研究冬果梨果酒的发酵工艺条件。对影响冬果梨果酒发酵的主要因素发酵温度、酵母添加量、发酵时间分别进行单因素试验和正交试验。以酒精度为指标,通过L9（33）正交试验研究得知最佳发酵工艺条件为pH值4.0,酵母添加量为6%,发酵温度为26℃,发酵时间为10d,此条件下产品的酒精度为9.8%vol。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the