Mg-Bi合金的显微组织和力学性能

采用挤压铸造和挤压变形工艺制备了Mg-Bi二元合金,通过金相显微镜分析,室温拉伸性能测试,X射线衍射分析,SEM和EDS等手段,研究了Mg-Bi合金在铸态和热挤压态的显微组织和力学性能.结果表明:铸态Mg-Bi合金随着Bi含量的增加,伸长率逐渐降低,抗拉强度逐渐增加,当Bi含量达10wt.％以上,抗拉强度降低;Mg-Bi合金铸锭经450℃、3h保温,挤压比为12.76热挤压后,随Bi含量的增加,抗拉强度与伸长率均逐渐增加,当Bi含量达12wt.％时,抗拉强度为219.68 MPa,伸长率为13.43％,Bi含量继续增加,合金抗拉强度及伸长率呈下降趋势;挤压态Mg-Bi合金的力学性能是晶粒细化与Mg3Bi2综合作用的结果,当Bi含量大于12wt.％后,形成较多粗大的Mg3Bi2相是导致合金力学性能下降的主要原因.     

热处理对Zn-1.1Cu-0.5Bi合金组织与性能的影响

采用力学性能测试、光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析、切削性能测试等技术手段,研究了热处理对易切削变形Zn-1.1Cu-0.5Bi合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明:使Zn-1.1Cu-0.5Bi合金强度、硬度提高的较佳热处理工艺为350℃,保温30 min。350℃×30 min热处理态合金组织变得更均匀,但伴随有晶粒的明显长大;热处理态合金比挤压态屈服强度稍有下降,抗拉强度提高11.7%,伸长率有所下降。Zn-1.1Cu-0.5Bi合金铸态切削性能最好,挤压态和热处理态切削性能稍有下降,热处理对合金切削性能改善不明显。     

Bi添加对挤压纯Mg组织和力学性能的影响

基于各种零部件对非稀土型低成本镁合金的需求,选择低成本Bi添加镁合金作为研究对象,对比研究了纯Mg及其添加6%Bi(质量分数)的Mg-6Bi合金的微观组织与力学性能.结果表明,2种样品在挤压后均发生了完全动态再结晶且表现出相似的挤压织构,但Bi加入后可获得更为均匀细小的组织,平均晶粒尺寸从未添加态的30μm显著减小为4μm.Mg-6Bi合金中未完全固溶的微米级Mg3Bi2相在挤压过程中被破碎并沿挤压方向呈条带状分布,同时观察到大量动态析出的纳米级Mg3Bi2相弥散分布在基体中.挤压态Mg-6Bi合金的力学性能较纯Mg显著提高,其拉伸屈服强度、抗拉强度和延伸率分别达到189 MPa,228 MPa和19.9%,且未表现出拉压各向异性.添加Bi后合金性能的提高主要归因于晶粒细化和弥散分布的微纳双尺寸Mg3Bi2相协同强化的共同作用.     

电缆用Al-Fe合金抗压蠕变及力学性能的工艺研究

通过导电率测试、金相显微镜、扫描电镜及压蠕变等力学性能测试,研究不同铸造及挤压工艺条件下,合金元素对Al-Fe系合金微观组织及抗压蠕变等力学性能的影响。结果表明:热顶半连续铸造较金属型铸造冷却速度快,可获得晶粒细小均匀的铸态组织,Cu可细化其铸态枝晶结构;相比金属型工艺,热顶半连续铸锭挤压棒材内部Al3Fe初生相细小弥散,其抗拉强度和导电率同时大幅提高;热顶半连续铸造工艺、添加Zr和Cu均可提高Al-Fe合金挤压棒材的抗压蠕变性能。     

Bi含量对Mg-4Zn-Y合金组织和性能的影响

利用X射线衍射、金相显微镜、力学性能测试、腐蚀质量损失法、电化学极化曲线和电化学阻抗测试研究了Bi含量对Mg-4Zn-Y合金的组织、力学性能以及在3.5％的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明,Mg-4Zn- Y-xBi(x=0、0.5、1、2)合金的1铸态组织主要由基体α-Mg、三元Ⅰ相(Mg3 Zn6 Y)和Y5 Bi3组成,Bi的加入使合金晶界上半连续网状分布的f相变为分散的颗粒状,Y5Bi3相的数量随着Bi含量的增加而增多,尺寸也逐渐粗化.合金室温和高温(150℃)时的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率先随Bi含量的增加而增大,但当Bi含量过多时(2.0％),合金的综合力学性能反而下降.Mg-4Zn-Y-xBi合金的耐蚀性能随着Bi含量的增加而降低,其腐蚀速率为Mg-4Zn-Y合金的2～3倍.当Bi的加入量为2％时,台金的腐蚀电流达到最大,为0.913mA,耐蚀性能最差.     

热挤压Mg-6Zn-xCu-0.6Zr(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5)合金的显微组织及力学性能

对Mg-6Zn-x Cu-0.6Zr(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5)合金进行了熔炼并浇注在金属模中,然后进行了挤压成形试验。结果表明:铸态合金随着Cu含量的增加晶粒逐渐细化,第二相含量增多,其组织由α-Mg、MgZn_2及Mg Zn Cu相组成。合金经挤压后力学性能明显提高,其中挤压ZK60合金的动态再结晶较弱,晶粒细化程度较小。铸态合金组织中的第二相在挤压过程中被打碎,并沿着挤压方向分布。挤压态合金晶粒细化程度明显,其平均晶粒尺寸可达到10~13μm。Mg Zn Cu相呈短棒状分布在晶界,而Mg Zn2相呈细小的颗粒状分布在基体上。挤压态合金力学性能改善的原因可归结为细晶强化、第二相弥散强化及固溶强化综合作用的结果。其中挤压态Mg-6Zn-1.0Cu-0.6Zr力学性能最优,其抗拉强度、屈服强度及伸长率分别达到320.22 MPa,240 MPa和11.48%。     

Gd对ZL205A合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究了不同质量分数Gd对ZL205A合金铸态及T6态显微组织和力学性能的影响.采用光学显微镜、荧光光谱仪和电子探针对制备的试样微观组织和元素分布进行分析,并利用电子拉伸试验机对铸锭的力学性能进行测试.结果表明:微量稀土元素Gd能细化ZL205A合金的晶粒,并与合金中的其他元素形成新相,能提高合金铸态和T6后的力学性能;当Gd加入量为0.06％时,综合力学性能最优,铸态时抗拉强度为192MPa,伸长率为11.1％;T6态时抗拉强度达到421.1MPa,伸长率为10.2％.但当Gd添加量过多时,合金的组织与性能均产生恶化.     

新型Mg-Bi-Al-Zn变形镁合金的微观组织与力学性能

基于开发低成本非稀土型变形镁合金的目的,利用XRD、SEM、EDS、TEM和EBSD等检测手段对新型Mg-7Bi-1Al-1Zn(质量分数,%,BAZ711)合金的微观组织进行相关表征,同时采用万能试验机测试了其铸态及挤压态试样的力学性能。结果表明:铸态BAZ711合金中粗大的Mg_3Bi_2相呈连续网状分布于α-Mg枝晶晶界处,其平均二次枝晶臂间距约为50μm;挤压态BAZ711合金发生完全再结晶,平均晶粒尺寸减小为3μm,微米级Mg_3Bi_2相沿挤压方向呈条带状断续分布,同时,基体中弥散分布有大量50~200 nm的近球状或短杆状Mg_3Bi_2相;挤压后合金表现出典型挤压织构特征。由于组织细化和微/纳双尺度第二相的综合强化作用,挤压态合金力学性能较铸态显著提高,其拉伸屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别达到244 MPa、305 MPa和14%。     

Mg-8Li-4Al-0.3Y合金微观组织与力学性能研究

利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等手段系统研究了铸态、固溶处理态和挤压态Mg-8Li-4Al-0.3Y合金的微观组织,测试了其室温力学性能。实验结果表明：铸态实验合金主要由ɑ-Mg、β-Li、Al2Y和AlLi相以及MgAlLi2相组成;固溶处理后合金中在相界处分布的MgAlLi2化合物相消失,大量AlLi相发生分解并固溶于合金基体中,仅剩下部分尺寸较大的AlLi相。在挤压过程中合金发生动态再结晶,显微组织明显细化,组织更加均匀。固溶处理后合金基体硬度明显高于铸态合金;与铸态相比,挤压态合金的综合力学性能得到大幅提升,其抗拉强度和延伸率分别达到208 MPa和25.1%。     

Mg-Al-Sm系耐热镁合金的显微组织和力学性能(英文)

分析铸态和压铸态Mg-6.02Al-1.03Sm、Mg-6.05Al-0.98Sm-0.56Bi和Mg-5.95Al-1.01Sm-0.57Zn合金的显微组织和相组成,测试其拉伸力学性能与流动性能。结果表明,Mg-6.02Al-1.03Sm合金铸态组织由δ-Mg基体、半连续的δ-Mg17Al12相和高热稳定性的小块状Al2Sm相组成。添加Bi后生成杆状Mg3Bi2相,而添加的Zn固溶于δ-Mg基体和δ-Mg17Al12相中。铸态合金呈现优异的拉伸力学性能,室温时其抗拉强度(δb)和伸长率(δ)分别达到205~235 MPa和8.5%~16.0%,而423 K时分别超过160 MPa和14.0%。压铸态组织明显细化,第二相发生破碎,且弥散分布。压铸态合金呈现更高的拉伸力学性能和优异的流动性能,室温δb和δ分别达到240~285 MPa和8.5%~16.5%,流动长度可达1870~2420 mm。压铸态室温拉伸断口呈现明显的断裂特征。     

Study on Ultra-sonic Frequency Pulse TIG of Titanium Alloy

Ti-6Al-4V alloy is used extensively in aerospace and aircraft because of its excellent comprehensive properties and outstanding machinability. Ti-6Al-4V alloy was welded by conventional tungsten iner-gas arc welding (TIG) and ultra-sonic frequency pulse TIG welding (U-TIG) respectively. The welding quality was tested by X-ray, and the mechanical properties of welded joint were tested , the microstructure and the fracture appearance of welded joint were observed by means of optical microscope and SEM .The re...     

两种易切削Al-Cu合金的组织与性能

采用力学性能测试、扫描电子显微分析、透射电子显微分析和切削性能试验，研究了固溶-冷拉处理的含铅2011合金与Sn、Bi微合金化的新型无铅易切削Al-Cu合金棒材的组织和性能。结果表明：Sn、Bi微合金化的无铅易切削Al-Cu合金的力学性能比传统2011合金的略好；Sn能加快Al-Cu合金的人工时效，细化CuAl2相；与含铅2011合金相比，无铅易切削Al-Cu合金中低熔点相的尺寸分布更均匀，经切削加工后，切屑尺寸更细，表面光洁度更高，具有更好的切削性能。     

Machining characteristics and fracture morphologies in a copper-beryllium (Cu-2Be) alloy

The technology of materials removal is improved greatly by the introduction of advanced cutting tools like cubic boron nitride, ceramics, polycrystalline diamond and the more recent whisker-reinforced materials. In this paper, the influence of cutting temperature on machinability, mechanical properties, microstructure, and fracture morphology of Cu-2Be alloy using a polycrystalline diamond cutter is investigated. The information on machining, microstructure, and fracture morphology of Cu-2Be alloy are very useful to understand their fabrication characteristics and the basic mechanisms of its deformation and fracture. The machinability (in terms of surface finish) of Cu-2Be alloy is evaluated as a function of cutting temperature, resulting from wet and dry cutting. Machining is carried out on a Hardinge Cobra 42 CNC machine (Hardinge Inc., Elmira, NY), and the machining parameters used—cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed rate—are kept constant during both wet and dry cutting. The machined surface finish on Cu-2Be alloy is measured using a surface finish analyzer (Surftest 401, series 178) technique. The machined specimens are examined for their strength and hardness properties using a standard Universal Testing Machine and Rockwell hardness tester, respectively. Wet cutting (using coolants) produced a smooth surface finish when compared with dry cutting of the Cu-2Be alloy. The machined specimens are examined for their microstructural features using a Nikon optical microscope. The specimens are etched using a suitable etchant solution for revealing such microstructure constituents as grain size, phase proportions, and the possible overheated areas (especially in dry cutting). The fractured surfaces from the tensile and impact toughness tests are investigated for their fracture morphologies (dry and wet cutting) using a microprocessor-controlled scanning electron microscope (Jeol Model JSM 5910 LV). A detailed analysis is also made to understand and interpret the basic fracture mechanisms responsible for crack initiation and crack propagation. The Cu-2Be alloy showed relatively higher mechanical properties in wet cutting in comparison to dry cutting operations. Fracture studies demonstrated intergranular and ductile fractures as dominant modes of fracture mechanisms in Cu-2Be alloy.     

PVD氮化钛涂层刀具切削性能的试验研究

采用电弧离子镀涂层工艺，制备了TiN涂层高速钢钻头和TiN涂层硬质合金铣刀，检测了TiN涂层的膜层性能，并进行了有TiN涂层和无涂层刀具的切削对比试验。结果表明，有TiN涂层的高速钢钻头使用寿命是无涂层钻头的5～7倍，有TiN涂层硬质合金铣刀的使用寿命是无涂层铣刀的3～11倍。     

Leaded brass rods C 38500 for automatic machining operations: A technical report

C 38500 is a widely used copper alloy with a great variety of applications from decoration and architecture to mechanical/electrical engineering. The chemical composition of this alloy offers superior machinability and subsequently increased productivity in high-speed machining and manufacturing processes. In European countries, this alloy is used primarily as free cutting brass (CW 614N according to EN 12164: 1998), similar to C 36000 alloy, which is used also for thread rolling. The lower percentage of Cu compared to C 36000 (nominal 58% instead of 61%) decreases the cost of the raw materials. This paper reports the principal aspects of microstructure, mechanical properties, and machinability of this alloy in relation to the industrial manufacturing process used.     

陶瓷材料可加工性的二级模糊综合评判

文章以陶瓷材料的物理力学性能参数为依据,应用模糊综合评判原理,建立了工程陶瓷材料可加工性的二级模糊综合评判模型,提出了一种对工程陶瓷材料可加工性进行综合评判的新方法。选择陶瓷材料的5个性能参数构成因素集合,根据提出的评判方法,对四种典型工程陶瓷材料的可加工性进行评价,并根据综合评价指标进行排序。结果表明,该方法的评判结果合理,评价方法易于运用计算机来处理,简单实用。此方法将工程陶瓷材料的可加工性的评价建立在材料性能参数分析的基础上,在机械加工之前即可确定材料的可加工性。评价结果对工程陶瓷材料加工过程中工具和工艺参数的确定具有指导作用。     

Pt-24Ir-RE合金的显微组织与性能研究

通过金相及电子显微镜技术，进行了力学和电学性能实验，研究了添加微量稀土元素La、Sm、Y对Pt-24Ir合金的组织结构与性能的影响。结果表明：稀土元素有效地细化了合金的显微组织结构，并以单质形式均匀析出和弥散分布在合金基体中，从而使合金的综合性能获得改善。     

Sn对ZM61合金组织与性能的影响

通过光学金相(OM),扫描电镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD)等分析方法,研究不同Sn含量对Mg-6Zn-1Mn(ZM61)合金显微组织和力学性能的影响,并初步探讨Sn元素在镁合金中的存在形式和作用机理。结果表明:Sn元素在ZM61合金中主要以Mg2Sn相存在;Sn元素不仅可以改善合金的铸造性能,所形成弥散的Mg2Sn相颗粒还可以明显的细化晶粒改善组织,提高合金的力学性能,其中经440℃,2h+90℃,24h+180℃,8h双级时效处理的ZM61-4Sn合金具有最佳的综合力学性能,其屈服强度、抗拉强度和延伸率分别为358MPa、374MPa和4.6%;Sn的加入不会改变合金的断裂机制,但是粗大的Mg2Sn粒子会成为裂纹源,从而降低合金的塑性,所以Sn含量不宜过高,不大于4%较为合适。     

Ti—Ni—Nb宽滞后记忆合金的研究进展

Ｔｉ－Ｎｉ－Ｎｂ形状记忆合金由于其较宽的相变滞后和优良的形状记忆性能,是一眼有前任的管接头和紧固件用材。本文论述了Ｔｉ－Ｎｉ－Ｎｂ合金滞后加宽的工程意义,介绍了近十年来Ｔｉ－Ｎｉ－Ｎｂ合金显微组织,马氏体相变,力学行为,应变恢复率,低温热容和机械加工特性等方面的研究进展及发展趋势。     

Experimental study on turning of TC9 titanium alloy with cold water mist jet cooling

Titanium alloys, as difficult-to-cut materials, have poor machinability due to their superior mechanical properties, heat resistance and corrosion resistance. High cutting temperature that will greatly accelerate tool wear often occurs in titanium alloy cutting process. In this paper, cold water mist jet (CWMJ) cooling method, an eco-friendly cooling method, was used to obtain a lower cutting temperature during TC9 titanium alloy turning process. The effects of CWMJ were mainly discussed as compared with cold air jet and flood cooling methods. A comprehensive evaluation on the cooling effects of CWMJ was carried out by hydrodynamic tests, heat transfer tests and turning tests, respectively. Experimental results indicated that CWMJ had better cooling effects as compared with other two cooling methods. Cutting temperature was greatly reduced, and tool life was improved with CWMJ during TC9 turning process. Machined surface quality and chip morphology were also acceptable.