褐牙鲆耐热性状相关的微卫星分子标记筛选

采用微卫星分子标记技术分析褐牙鲆耐热相关特性,为耐高温褐牙鲆的分子辅助育种提供合适的分子标记.褐牙鲆经过热处理,将其区分为耐热组与不耐热组,用于实验分析.采用酚-氯仿抽提法抽提褐牙鲆肌肉组织的DNA,进行微卫星引物PCR(SSR-PCR)扩增,所用引物为已知的20个褐牙鲆微卫星位点的侧翼保守序列.对PCR扩增出的差异条带进行个体统计,最后进行微卫星位点与耐热性状的相关性分析.结果表明,有6个微卫星位点的某等位基因片段与褐牙鲆耐热性状存在一定的正相关性,其中位点Po13(AB046746)跟耐热性有极显著的正相关性,相关系数为0.466;有3个微卫星位点的某等位基因片段与耐热性存在负相关性,其中位点Po42(AB046754)与其有极显著的负相关性,相关系数为-0.408.微卫星位点Po13与Po42所扩增出的等位基因片段可作为分子标记指导耐热褐牙鲆的辅助育种.     

牙鲆、石鲽和川鲽的线粒体16S rRNA基因片段的序列比较研究

以相应引物对牙鲆（Paralichthys olivaceus)和石鲽（K.areius bicoloratus)的线粒体16S rRNA基因片段进行了PCR扩增,PCR产物经T载体连接之后进行了克隆、测序,均得到了590bp的碱基序列,并将其与GenBank中牙鲆线粒体全序列相应片段和川鲽（Platichthys flesus)相应片段进行比较,结果表明,川鲽和石鲽序列差异很小（核苷酸差异数为7,同源性为98．8％）;而牙鲆与川鲽和石鲽的序列差异明显（核苷酸差异数为90－93,同源性约为84％）,且大多数核苷酸变异位点集中在序列中部大约200bp的区域。     

牙鲆fibrinogen β基因的克隆及表达分析

 通过mRNA差异显示发现一个鳗弧菌刺激后在牙鲆肝脏中表达量显著增加的片段,结合RACE技术得到了该差异片段1 856 bp的全长cDNA,包含一个1 479 bp的开放阅读框,编码的蛋白质含有fibrinogen β的C末端签名序列。同源性分析表明其氨基酸序列与鱼类以及哺乳类的fibrinogen β都具有高度的相似性,因此可断定此基因为牙鲆的fibrinogen β基因(GenBank登录号为EF581895)。RT-PCR分析表明,在注射鳗弧菌后,该基因在肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、腮、肠、心脏中的表达量呈现逐渐增加的趋势。推测其可能在鳗弧菌侵染中,起到了促进伤口愈合的作用,或通过和其他细胞因子结合在防御细菌的侵染中发挥免疫调节作用。     

彰武松起源的研究

用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对章古台地区的樟子松、油松、赤松及彰武松进行了基因组多态性分析,共选用24个10 bp随机引物扩增出147个DNA片段,其中,樟子松和彰武松显示出自身特征性标记,利用这些片段进行种间遗传关系分析,根据UPGMA方法构建聚类树状图研究结果表明:赤松×油松的天然杂交是彰武松形成的主要机制.     

牙鲆fibrinogen β基因的克隆及表达分析

通过mRNA差异显示发现一个鳗弧菌刺激后在牙鲆肝脏中表达量显著增加的片段,结合RACE技术得到了该差异片段1 856 bp的全长cDNA,包含一个1 479 bp的开放阅读框,编码的蛋白质含有fibrinogen β的C末端签名序列.同源性分析表明其氨基酸序列与鱼类以及哺乳类的fibrinogen β都具有高度的相似性,因此可断定此基因为牙鲆的fibrinogen β基因(GenBank登录号为EF581895).RT-PCR分析表明,在注射鳗弧菌后,该基因在肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、腮、肠、心脏中的表达量呈现逐渐增加的趋势.推测其可能在鳗弧菌侵染中,起到了促进伤口愈合的作用,或通过和其他细胞因子结合在防御细菌的侵染中发挥免疫调节作用.     

一种分子量标准的引物定位合成

分子量标准引物定位合成(Marker Primer-directed Synthesis,简称MPDS)乃一种DNA碱基对梯度片段的简易合成术。该方法用两套不同的引物进行靶DNA的PCR扩增。一套为范围引物,决定每一梯度片段的绝对长度;另一套为间隔引物,决定两个梯度片段之间的大小差异。用这种技术得到的梯度片段,可用作分析DNA片段大小的分子量标准。目前已用此方法成功地合成了90～204bp范围内以6bp为梯度的分子量标准,对在经溴乙锭或硝酸银染色的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上进行微卫星的分型特别有用。     

K型和冈型水稻线粒体DNA的AFLP分析

用264个随机引物(E11,M24)对K型和冈型水稻(Oryza sativa L.)的不育系、保持系和F1代线粒体DNA进行AFLP分析,共筛选到了37对扩增效果较好的引物,显示出9条可能与K型水稻雄性不育相关的差异带,3条可能与冈型水稻雄性不育相关的差异带.其中引物组合E10M8(EcoR Ⅰ-ATA×Mse Ⅰ-AGC)扩增后,K型和冈型水稻不育系、F1代几乎在750 bp左右的位置都同时表现出了差异条带而在保持系相应位置表现为缺失,它与"缺陷型不育"假设一致.由此证明了K型和冈型水稻不育系线粒体DNA的特异性及其与雄性不育的相关性,为回收克隆等后续工作奠定了基础.     

溶解氧含量变动对褐牙鲆幼鱼生长及其相关生化指标的影响

【目的】以褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)幼鱼为对象,研究其在不同溶解氧条件下的生长及生长指标的变化,探讨褐牙鲆幼鱼血浆激素的内分泌调节机制,为深入研究鱼类适应溶解氧变动环境的机制提供资料。【方法】采用实验生理生态学方法,研究水体溶解氧含量变动对褐牙鲆幼鱼生长、生长激素GH的分泌、类胰岛素生长因子IGF?Ⅰ的分泌、RNA/DNA比值以及糖原含量的影响。【结果】低溶氧(2mg/L-S2、4mg/LS4)胁迫的10d内,褐牙鲆幼鱼生长受到明显抑制,但低溶氧胁迫导致的生长减缓可在溶解氧含量恢复至对照组(7.5mg/L-S7.5)水平后10d内获得完全补偿。胁迫期间,血浆GH和IGF?Ⅰ的含量在不同处理组间没有显著差异,在恢复的第10天,S7.5的GH含量显著高于S2及S4,其他不同处理组的血浆GH和IGF?Ⅰ含量未出现显著差异。胁迫和恢复期间不同处理组的肝脏RNA/DNA比值均未出现显著差异。低溶氧处理的肌肉RNA/DNA比值在胁迫期间显著低于对照组,但在恢复生长的第20天显著高于对照组。胁迫结束时,低溶氧处理的肝糖原含量显著低于对照组,而在恢复期间的第10天和20天时高于对照组,随后恢复至对照组水平。不同处理组的肌糖原含量在胁迫和恢复期间均未出现显著差异。在恢复阶段的第10天,GH含量出现显著差异,其含量与生长速率呈负相关关系,而RNA/DNA含量在实验期间与褐牙鲆幼鱼的生长未表现出明显相关性。【结论】受短期低氧胁迫的褐牙鲆幼鱼能够在恢复正常溶氧后短期内获得完全补偿生长,但相关生化指标未表现出与生长变化的显著相关性。     

一种复方中草药免疫增强剂对牙鲆免疫力及抗病力的影响

为研究中草药复方制剂对牙鲆Paralichthys olivaceus免疫力及抗病力的影响,实验基于中草药药物功效与配伍原则,研制出一种复方中草药免疫增强剂(YLK),配方包含黄芪、茯苓、党参、蒲公英、鱼腥草、白花蛇舌草、金银花、玉竹、甘草、五味子等;将复方中草药分别以1%(W∶W)和3%(W∶W)的添加量拌入基础配合饲料中,连续投喂牙鲆30d,然后用迟钝爱德华氏菌Edwardsiella tarda攻毒,分别于攻毒后24h和72h取鱼血清进行免疫相关酶活性测定,同时在攻毒后6,12,24,48,72h取鱼脾脏进行免疫相关基因表达水平的检测,并观察记录鱼体的累计死亡情况。结果表明,在迟钝爱德华氏菌感染后24h和72h,3%中草药添加组的牙鲆血清中碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline Phosphatase,ALP)、酸性磷酸酶(Acid Phosphatase,ACP)、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)以及溶菌酶(Lysozyme,LSZ)活性水平均显著高于仅投喂基础饲料的对照组;1%中草药添加组除ALP活性以外,其他3种酶活水平也显著高于对照组(P0.05),2组不同中草药添加组鱼体血清酶活整体上差异不显著性;荧光定量PCR检测结果显示,各投喂组牙鲆脾脏组织中白介素1β(IL-1β)、白介素6(IL-6)、TCRα受体及C型溶菌酶基因表达量均出现不同程度的上调,而2个中草药投喂组牙鲆在感染后多个时间点的基因表达水平均高于单独投喂饲料组的牙鲆(P0.05);添加3%中草药和1%中草药对牙鲆抗迟钝爱德华氏菌感染的相对保护率分别为34.2%和26.3%。研制的复方中草药制剂具有明显的免疫增强效果,能显著提高牙鲆抗迟钝爱德华氏菌感染能力,研究结果将为水产养殖中草药防病技术研究提供重要参考。     

人参DNA限制片段在酵母菌中的转化

用YRp7质粒作载体,AH_(22)作受体株,将YRp7质粒和人参DNA限制片段构成的重组体转入AH_(22)中,并由大量培养的AH_(22)细胞中回收到YR_(p7)质粒和人参DNA限制片段,表明人参DNA限制片段可转入酵母菌中。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-