加热温度对纯钛氧化增重及表面形貌的影响

研究了纯钛在不同温度下保温5 h的氧化增重和表面形貌.结果表明,在300～1100℃,随着加热温度的升高,纯钛氧化加重,形成氧化钛膜;300～500℃,纯钛试样增重0.32%～0.34%;在700～900℃氧化增重增大,到达1100℃氧化增重严重,达到15%,增重的部分为吸氧所致.用JSM-6360LV型扫描电子显微镜观察试样表面形貌,300～500 ℃氧化钛膜很薄较致密;700℃试样表面有较多的蜂窝氧化膜,表面不致密;900℃形成片状和长条状TiO2;1100℃氧化层为厚大板片状和多棱柱状的TiO2.氧化过程为氧固溶和通过氧化钛膜扩散进钛基体.     

超音速电弧热喷涂FeCoCr涂层高温氧化性能研究

利用超音速电弧热喷涂技术在20钢表面制备FeCoCr涂层,在700℃下对试样进行100h高温氧化试验.利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜对试样进行组织形貌分析,利用X射线衍射仪对试样表面进行了物相分析.结果表明:涂层组织致密均匀,与基体结合良好;FeCoCr涂层试样的抗氧化性比基材提高3倍多,其原因是涂层试样氧化后生成致密、无剥落的Cr2O3和CoO氧化膜.     

烧结机栏板消失模铸造数值模拟及组织性能研究

运用View Cast模拟软件对烧结机栏板消失模铸造过程进行数值模拟,预测铸件可能产生缩孔、缩松的位置和大小。结果表明,铸件实现了顺序凝固,没有产生缩孔、缩松等缺陷,铸件组织致密。铸态组织主要以铁素体、珠光体以及球状石墨为主,加热至500、700℃时组织和硬度没有发生明显变化;当加热至900℃时发生相变,产生破碎状铁素体和网状铁素体,硬度显著增大。氧化试验分析发现,不同温度下试样表面生成结构和成分均不同的氧化膜,影响铁和氧的扩散速率,使试样的氧化速率有较大的差异。     

Ti-16.28Si合金的高温抗氧化行为及添加Cu的影响

选用Ti、Si、Cu粉末通过高能球磨-冷压-无压烧结制备了Ti-16.28Si和Ti-15.46Si-5Cu两种合金,并在800℃、900℃、1000℃空气中对其进行高温氧化试验。利用SEM、EDS及XRD对烧结和氧化试样的表面及横截面形貌、物相组成进行分析,以研究合金的氧化机制。结果表明：两种配方试样烧结之后主要含有Ti、Ti5Si3、Ti5Si4相,加Cu配方出现Cu3Si相;加Cu后致密度升高。高温氧化80 h后,氧化试样的主要物相为TiO2,还含有少量的SiO2、Ti3O5、TiO、TiN、CuO或Cu2O相。两种合金在800℃和900℃氧化温度下都达到抗氧化等级。Ti-16.28Si合金在900?C时氧化膜表层基本上全是金红石TiO2,抗氧化性能最好。800℃下,添加Cu显著改善Ti-16.28Si合金的抗氧化性能;在Cu含量为5 wt%时其平均氧化速度仅为Ti-16.28Si合金的57.8 %;但在900℃和1000℃下,添加Cu后,Cu3Si相可降低合金的抗氧化性能。     

阴极离子镀TiAlSiN涂层高温摩擦与磨损性能

采用阴极离子镀在H13钢表面制备了TiAlSiN涂层,通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜分析了涂层表面-界面形貌、物相和三维表面微观形貌。利用EDS面扫描分析了磨痕表面化学元素分布,讨论了高温对涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,TiAlSiN涂层表面主要元素由Ti、Al、Si和N组成,主要物相为(Ti,Al)N,未发现Si3N4相;高温氧化后生成的致密氧化膜Al2O3提高了涂层高温抗氧化性,Si O2降低了涂层表面摩擦因数,结构疏松的Ti O2易导致涂层破裂和剥落;TiAlSiN涂层表面粗糙度高于基体表面粗糙度,磨痕表面Ti和Al元素出现贫集区,表明涂层被磨穿;在700、800和900℃下,涂层表面摩擦因数均在0.3左右,在700℃时磨损机制主要为氧化磨损和粘着磨损,在800℃和900℃时主要为氧化磨损,伴随着少量粘着磨损和磨粒磨损。     

D-5S高镍奥氏体球墨铸铁抗高温氧化性能研究

对含34%～37%Ni的D-5S高镍奥氏体球墨铸铁进行了 960℃保温2 h空冷正火,随后对铸态和正火态球铁试样在650℃、850℃和1 050℃氧化12 h、24 h、36 h、48 h、60 h、72 h。检测了试样的增重、微观形貌和氧化物的组成,目的是研究高镍奥氏体球铁的抗高温氧化性能,以及正火处理对其抗高温氧化性能的影响。结果表明:D-5S高镍奥氏体球铁的氧化增重随氧化时间大致按抛物线规律变化;不同温度氧化的试样氧化物的形貌不同,即650℃氧化的试样氧化物呈针状,850℃氧化的试样氧化物呈胞状,而在1 050℃氧化的试样氧化物胞状更明显更致密;正火处理能适当改善高镍奥氏体球铁的抗高温氧化性能,但并不改变氧化物形貌。     

TA2表面等离子渗铌合金层在700~900 ℃的氧化行为

采用双辉技术在TA2基体表面渗入铌形成结构致密、与基体形成冶金结合的钛铌合金层。结合XRD、SEM及EDS等手段分析渗铌和未渗铌TA2试样分别在700、800、900℃的高温氧化行为。实验结果表明:随着氧化温度的提高,氧化增重增加,渗铌比未渗铌的氧化增重降低,抗高温氧化性能改善,特别在900℃铌的作用明显;对渗铌和未渗铌TA2在900℃分别氧化20、40、100 h后氧化层的表面及截面进行分析,获得对合金层成分、结构、氧化性能之间关系的认识。钛铌合金层高温氧化后的氧化层是由三部分组成:外层是由高浓度合金层氧化而形成,其氧化产物主要是Nb2O5/TiO2,中间层主要由TiO2/TiO和Nb2O5组成,内层是分布着条状的富铌相。     

多弧离子镀(Ti,Al,Zr,Cr)N多元膜的高温氧化行为

采用多弧离子镀技术,用Ti-Al-Zr合金靶和Cr靶,在W18Cr4V高速钢基体上沉积了(Ti,Al,Zr,Cr)N多元膜,并进行了600℃,700℃,800℃和900℃短时(4 h)高温氧化实验及700℃和800℃长期(100h)高温循环氧化实验.用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)观察和分析样品表面氧化膜.结果表明,这种多元膜在短时(4 h)高温氧化条件下,800℃时仍具有良好的抗高温氧化性,XRD显示氧化膜主要为TiO2;在长期(100 h)高温氧化条件下,该多元膜的抗高温氧化温度大约为700℃左右.     

TC4钛合金沉积NiCrAlY涂层的氧化行为

采用电弧离子镀（AIP）技术在TC4（Ti-6Al-4V）钛合金基体表面沉积制备NiCrAIY涂层,测定TC4钛合金和NiCrAIY涂层在700-900℃的氧化动力学曲线。通过扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱（EDS）分析与X射线衍射分析（XRD）研究TC4钛合金和NiCrAIY涂层氧化前后物相组成和组织形貌,讨论氧化过程中元素的扩散行为。结果表明：在700-900℃静态空气中氧化100h,NiCrAIY涂层能明显提高TC4钛合金的抗氧化性能,TC4钛合金氧化后形成A12O3层和TiO2层交替出现的氧化膜层;经700和800℃氧化后,NiCrAIY涂层保持其原始的相组成,但在表面形成Al2O3和Cr2O3混合氧化膜;经900℃氧化后,氧化膜由Al2O3和TiO2组成;经700℃氧化时,主要发生Ti和Ni两种元素的扩散;经800和900℃氧化时,由于Ti及Ni元素的剧烈扩散,界面附近出现Kirkendall疏孔带和约100μm的β相稳定区;经900℃氧化时,Ti扩散到涂层表面形成氧化物导致氧化速率提高,Cr元素开始向基体扩散并在近界面处富集。     

纯钛表面多步合成Ti-Al梯度抗氧化涂层

以TA2工业纯钛为基体材料,通过微弧氧化技术及磁控溅射技术在TA2基体表面分别制备了氧化钛薄膜和金属铝涂层,从而形成Ti/TiO2/Al结构试样,然后进行500℃×4 h的真空扩散热处理,研究了TA2纯钛基体表面Ti、Al元素梯度过渡的复合抗氧化涂层的形成机制,以及涂层在700℃下的循环氧化性能。结果表明,Ti/TiO2/Al试样中的金属Al涂层在500℃的真空热处理过程中,不仅能够扩散至Ti基体内形成Ti-Al系列金属间化合物,而且能与TiO2中间层发生化学反应形成TiAl3+Ti Al+Al2O3复合涂层。TA2纯钛基体表面形成Ti-Al梯度抗氧化涂层后,在700℃大气环境中循环氧化50次后的氧化增重仅为无涂层试样的1/10。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.