夏季新风“逐时”冷负荷计算方法的探讨

文中提出了以日为周期的夏季新风（包括渗透风）“逐时”冷负荷计算方法（简称新风“逐时”冷负荷计算法），按逐时湿球温度和逐时焓值的综合表达式计算出了全国几个主要城市的夏季空调室外空气逐时湿球温度和逐时焓值，最后得出了几点结论。     

再论夏季新风“逐时”冷负荷计算法

以日为周期的夏季新风(包括渗透风)“逐时”冷负荷计算方法(简称新风“逐时”冷负荷计算法)。按逐时湿球温度和逐时焓值的综合表达式计算出了全国几个主要城市的夏季空调室外空气逐时湿球温度和逐时焓值。最后得出了几点结论。     

建筑物空调逐时负荷计算方法探讨

提出预测建筑物空调冷负荷的计算方法，根据建筑物夏季某天（几天）的逐时冷负荷的测量结果，可以确定与建筑热工特性有关的参数，结合上海地区标准气象年数据可预测建筑整个空调季的逐时冷负荷。该方法是一种便于工程技术人员使用的逐时负荷简易算法。利用该方法对上海地区某建筑物的空调负荷进行具体的计算分析。     

夏季新风“逐时”冷负荷计算方法的探讨

文中提出了以日为周期的夏季新风(包括渗透风)“逐时”冷负荷计算方法(简称新风“逐时”冷负荷计算法)。按逐时湿球温度和逐时焓值的综合表达式计算出了全国几个主要城市的夏季空调室外空气逐时湿球温度和逐时焓值。最后得出了几点结论。     

再论夏季新风“逐时”冷负荷计算法

以日为周期的夏季新风“逐时”冷负荷计算方法。按逐时湿球温度和逐时焓值的综合表达式计算出了全国几个主要城市的夏季空调室外空气逐时湿球温度和逐时焓值。最后得出了几点结论。     

能耗分析用逐日水汽压的逐时化分析

分析了逐时水汽压的变化规律,提出了逐时水汽压系数的获取及使用水汽压系数求逐时水汽压的方法.     

三联供系统中逐时冷热电负荷的模拟计算

在进行冷热电三联供系统设计时,冷热负荷与电负荷的逐时对应关系直接影响到三联供系统的配置与运行,逐时负荷的准确计算是三联供系统优化配置与运行分析的基础。本文基于对建筑冷热电负荷调查研究的基础上,采用日本三联供设计手册中的相关数据,利用“逐时能源负荷分摊比例”的方法,以宾馆建筑为例,模拟计算了该宾馆的全年逐时冷热电负荷,为三联供系统的优化设计与系统配置奠定了一定的基础。     

建筑能耗分析用逐时干球温度的插值方法

逐时干球温度对建筑能耗动态模拟是必不可少的。利用气象台站报表中的日四次温度值获得逐时值就需要进行插值。本文应用MATLAB语言对常用的四种插值方法做了比较，结果表明，三次样条插值是最佳插值方法。     

冷负荷计算中几个常见问题的分析

分析了在冷负荷计算中如何正确选取冷负荷系数、空调室外逐时温度与围护结构冷负荷逐时温度之间的关系以及负荷指标中含不含新风冷负荷几方面的问题。     

污水源热泵系统的逐时需水量预测及工程设计

以武汉具体工程为例,通过对建筑物室外全年逐时干球温度和逐时负荷的计算,选取合适的污水源热泵机组,建立描述污水源热泵机组的工程应用模型,通过相对误差检验得知此模型具有较高的精度。预测逐时污水流量,提出在实际工程设计中应该注意的事项,在污水量不足的状况下提出欠流量的解决方案。     

凝固科学技术与材料

从凝固科学与实践发展的角度介绍了当前凝固材料体系的基本框架和凝固科学主要发展阶段的基本理论。作为材料科学与工程的基本组成，凝固科学技术正在现代科学理论的基础上针对传统材料的改性提高和新材料的发展需求，以控形、控构、控性为目标开展优质铸件的定向、晶体生长、快凝、深过冷及各种新型和超常领域凝固过程的研究，并介绍了其中某些方面和展望了可能的发展趋势。     

Development and challenges of planning and scheduling for petroleum and petrochemical production

Production planning and scheduling are becoming the core of production management, which support the decision of a petrochemical company. The optimization of production planning and scheduling is attempted by every refinery because it gains additional profit and stabilizes the daily production. The optimization problem considered in industry and academic research is of different levels of realism and complexity, thus increasing the gap. Operation research with mathematical programming is a conventional approach used to address the planning and scheduling problem. Additionally, modeling the processes, objectives, and constraints and developing the optimization algorithms are significant for industry and research. This paper introduces the perspective of production planning and scheduling from the development viewpoint.     

The Candela and Photometric and Radiometric Measurements

The national measurement system for photometric and radiometric quantities is presently based upon techniques that make these quantities traceable to a high-accuracy cryogenic radiometer. The redefinition of the candela in 1979 provided the opportunity for national measurement laboratories to base their photometric measurements on optical detector technology rather than on the emission from high-temperature blackbody optical sources. The ensuing technical developments of the past 20 years, including the significant improvements in cryogenic radiometer performance, have provided the opportunity to place the fundamental maintenance of photometric quantities upon absolute detector based technology as was allowed by the 1979 redefinition. Additionally, the development of improved photodetectors has had a significant impact on the methodology in most of the radiometric measurement areas. This paper will review the status of the NIST implementation of the technical changes mandated by the 1979 redefinition of the candela and its effect upon the maintenance and dissemination of optical radiation measurements.     

江澳两地高校文创设计的协同研究与商业实践

目的 探索江门世遗文化的传承、发展和转化的新思路,践行国家在《粤港澳大湾区发展规划》纲要中要求江门承担与港澳地区文化创意合作与开发任务的分工。方法 与澳门高校紧密合作,开展专业培训课程,以开平碉楼为例,从人文视角开展设计研究,梳理开平碉楼的文化脉络,把世遗文化的元素和其背后的文化融入文创产品中,提升文创产品的附加值,推动当地文创产业结构的变革。结果 两地高校构建了稳定的科研团队,开设长期有效的设计培训课程,与景区建立了研究协作关系,帮助景区构建了一套产销研的商业模式。结论 以跨区域高校合作为平台,以文创产品为抓手,依托江澳两地的资源优势,可以构建江门世遗文化全新的品牌形象,最终推动开平世遗文化的活化。     

PSD和PWELCH函数的分析改进及应用

针对MATLAB中两个内建功率谱密度计算函数psd()和pwelch()计算结果迥异的现象,在功率谱密度估计理论的基础上,根据经典的周期图理论和Welch平均周期图方法,通过详细分析源程序,解析计算方法,发现psd()计算的并不是工程单边功率谱密度,而是采样信号双边谱,故与pwelch()结果迥异,另外pwelch()不能对分段信号数据进行预处理。就上述不足提出了相应的改进措施,比较验证表明改进措施行之有效。     

Creation and motion of dislocations and fracture in metal and silicon crystals

By making a step on one surface ( ) of a rectangular small paralellepiped copper crystal, dislocations could be created by the molecular dynamic method. The dislocation created was not a complete edge dislocation but a pair of Heidenreich-Shockley partial dislocations. Each time a dislocation was created, the stress on the surface was released. Small copper crystals having a notch were pulled (until fracture), compressed and buckled by use of the molecular dynamic method. An embedded atom potential was used to represent the interaction between atoms. Dislocations were created near the tip of the notch. A very sharp yield stress was observed. The results of high speed deformations of pure silicon small crystals using the molecular dynamics are presented. The results suggest that plastic deformation may be possible for the silicon with a high speed deformation even at room temperature. Another small size single crystal, the same size and the same surfaces, was compressed using molecular dynamic method. The surfaces are {110}, {112} and {111}. The compressed direction was [111]. It was found that silicon crystals are possible to be compressed with a high speed deformation. This may suggest that silicon may be plastically deformed with high speed deformation.     

Error and uncertainty in modeling and simulation

This article develops a general framework for identifying error and uncertainty in computational simulations that deal with the numerical solution of a set of partial differential equations (PDEs). A comprehensive, new view of the general phases of modeling and simulation is proposed, consisting of the following phases: conceptual modeling of the physical system, mathematical modeling of the conceptual model, discretization and algorithm selection for the mathematical model, computer programming of the discrete model, numerical solution of the computer program model, and representation of the numerical solution. Our view incorporates the modeling and simulation phases that are recognized in the systems engineering and operations research communities, but it adds phases that are specific to the numerical solution of PDEs. In each of these phases, general sources of uncertainty, both aleatory and epistemic, and error are identified. Our general framework is applicable to any numerical discretization procedure for solving ODEs or PDEs. To demonstrate this framework, we describe a system-level example: the flight of an unguided, rocket-boosted, aircraft-launched missile. This example is discussed in detail at each of the six phases of modeling and simulation. Two alternative models of the flight dynamics are considered, along with aleatory uncertainty of the initial mass of the missile and epistemic uncertainty in the thrust of the rocket motor. We also investigate the interaction of modeling uncertainties and numerical integration error in the solution of the ordinary differential equations for the flight dynamics.     

Miniature and MEMS-type vacuum sensors and pumps

In the paper, the observable trends of the actual research and development of selected types of miniature and MEMS-type vacuum sensors are presented. Some information about the new types of active vacuum gauges, which are offered by the leading manufacturers of the vacuum measurement instruments, is given. Next, the list of MEMS devices that need vacuum for proper operation is presented. Some aspects of vacuum-encapsulation of MEMS devices, on wafer level and package level are shown. The new conceptions of obtaining and maintenance of high and ultra-high vacuum in MEMS devices are described. They concern the conception of integration of a miniature orbitron pump on-chip with MEMS-type device or with vacuum part of the portable advanced instruments such as electron microscope, ion mass spectrometer, and free electron laser.