基于决策表的粗糙集属性约简算法改进及应用

针对决策属性集合中只存在两个决策集合的情况,为简化决策属性的表达和计算复杂度,提高约简效率,提出一种改进粗糙集决策表的属性约简算法。该算法以条件属性对决策属性的支持度为基础,采用新的约简规则,基于可分辨矩阵的启发式算法,根据属性重要度改进属性约简算法。以高新技术企业智力资本测量指标体系为例,得到了高新技术企业智力资本的最小约简集。结果表明,该约简算法能够得到一个完备的最小约简集,并能显著提高求解约简集的效率。     

融合正域及边界质量的实域属性约简方法

基于邻域关系提出一种综合考虑正域和边界数据的属性约简方法.该方法利用邻域关系对数据进行离散化处理,通过定义基于邻域的正域属性重要度、边界属性重要度和邻域综合属性重要度概念,设计一种新的启发式属性简约算法.该算法从空约简集出发,利用邻域属性重要度启发式搜索属性空间以扩展约简属性集,理论分析和实验表明该算法有效可行.     

基于启发式二分策略的属性约简方法

分辨矩阵为属性约简与求核运算提供了一种规范精确的数学模型,通过分辨矩阵模型可方便地获取决策系统全体属性约简.本文基于分辨矩阵运用启发式信息与二分策略扩展结点,设计了一种构造约简树求取全体属性约简的有效算法,该约简树从根结点到叶结点全体路径构成的析取范式与系统分辨函数等价,其极小析取范式所有析取项即为决策系统全体属性约简.该方法适用于满足任意约简准则的分辨矩阵,能够显著地减少搜索空间和保证全体约简求解的完备性,理论分析与实验结果说明了算法的可行性与有效性.     

基于相对知识量重要度的属性约简算法

在有效处理噪声数据的基于区分能力大小的启发式算法的基础上，引入了属性的相对知识量重要度的概念．以属性相对知识量重要度为启发式信息，提出了一种属性约简算法，通过实例证明了该算法的有效性．     

基于改进差别矩阵的知识约简启发式算法

知识约简是粗糙集理论中的核心内容之一。提出一种改进差别矩阵,在对象比较过程中一次性提取核与用于求约简的所有分辨信息,并保证分辨信息之间不存在包含关系。在此分辨信息基础上,以属性频度为启发式信息给出了一种基于改进差别矩阵的启发式约简及增量式更新方法。理论分析与仿真实验表明,算法在效率上较现有的算法有显著的提高。说明算法的有效性。     

基于属性分辨度的不完备决策表属性约简算法

针对现有不完备决策表属性约简算法复杂度较高的问题,提出了基于属性分辨度的属性约简算法.文中分析了不完备决策表中条件属性相对于决策重要性的外在表现,提出了属性分辨度的概念,并给出了属性分辨度随着约简属性集的变化而动态更新的计算方法.该算法在属性约简过程中会不断删除已经属于正域的对象或不影响正域计算的相容块,通过降低样本数据的规模来减少计算耗时,加速属性约简.理论分析和仿真实验表明,文中算法是有效的,并且算法复杂度优于现有的不完备决策表属性约简算法.     

基于粒关系包含度矩阵的属性约简

针对决策信息系统属性约简问题,根据粒矩阵运算简便直观的特点,提出了粒关系包含度矩阵概念,然后将粒包含度矩阵中隐含的信息作为启发式算子,设计了一种相容决策信息系统属性约简算法.最后,通过实例验证了该算法的有效性.     

基于关系矩阵的信息系统属性约简算法

提出了信息系统属性约简的一种新算法,从关系矩阵角度定义了属性重要度及非核属性次要度,然后以属性重要度指标作为启发式信息,辅以属性次要度,设计了一种简洁、有效的属性约简算法.该算法具有较大的灵活性,能从搜索空间逐次删除重要度为零及次要度低的属性,避免对这些属性进行重复搜索,提高了搜索的效率,最后通过实例验证了算法的可行性与有效性.     

区间值序决策表的条件熵属性约简

由于数据自身的不确定性和观测条件有限，现实问题中许多数据以区间值形式呈现。其中，优势关系下的区间值信息表研究对于多属性决策问题有重要意义。目前针对该系统的属性约简方法主要是辨识矩阵法或基于互信息的增量式约简，但前者计算效率较低，而后者没有利用到决策信息。文章探讨了条件熵作为不确定性度量在该系统下的性质，通过比较不同属性缺失时信息系统的条件熵变化，引入了属性重要度概念，基于此提出启发式属性约简算法。最后，通过对比实验验证了本算法具有低冗余的特点，在约简率上比基于粗糙熵和正域不变等序信息系统的启发式约简。     

一种改进的粗糙集属性约简启发式算法

提出了一种改进的属性约简启发式算法 ,讨论了启发式信息的构造 .通过两个反例证明了现有的两种属性重要度定义 (基于属性依赖度的定义和基于信息熵的定义 )的不完备性 ,提出了一种加权平均的属性重要度定义 ;在此基础上构造了两种启发式算法 .通过 UCI机器学习数据库中的几个实例验证了此算法的有效性     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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