基于激光雷达机器人的目标人跟踪方法研究

针对机器人的目标人跟踪问题,提出一种利用目标人腿部信息自适应跟踪的方法。该方法利用激光雷达作为环境感知传感器,实时获取环境的二维激光扫描数据;然后采用设计的激光相邻点聚类算法对激光扫描数据进行分割和聚类;再利用人腿圆弧状特征设计的类圆弧人腿形状识别算法从分割的数据中识别腿部数据,获得目标人腿部相对于机器人的位置信息;最后利用Kalman滤波算法对目标人的位置和速度进行跟踪,使机器人能够平稳地跟踪目标人运动。该算法在iRobot机器人平台上进行实验,实验结果验证了算法的有效性。     

智能空间下基于异质传感信息融合的目标跟踪

针对大范围未知环境下的机器人目标跟踪问题,在智能空间下分布式智能网络设备与机器人本体二维激光的基础上,提出了一种基于异质信息融合结构以实现机器人对目标实时检测和跟踪的方法。系统通过颜色信息进行移动目标匹配,根据三角测量原理基于最小二乘法对目标进行三维重建;检测出运动目标后,通过激光传感器扫描目标人腿进行近邻点聚类获得目标的准确深度信息;利用一种优化的迭代扩展卡尔曼滤波算法对异质传感器进行信息融合,以实现基于智能空间的机器人定位与目标跟踪。实验结果验证了方法的有效性。     

基于多传感器的运动训练辅助机器人主动跟踪算法设计

针对运动训练辅助机器人对健美操运动员进行检测与跟踪的准确性问题,提出一种基于多传感器的运动训练辅助机器人主动跟踪算法。首先,对主动跟踪算法的总体方案进行设计,提出了基于视觉传感器的机器人主动跟踪方法和基于声纳传感器的机器人主动跟踪方法;然后,采用基于决策层的数据融合方法将两种跟踪方法获取的跟踪方案进行融合,彼此弥补获取最佳的跟踪方案;最后,通过实验测试提出的算法能否实现机器人对健美操运动员的主动跟踪。实验结果表明：设计的基于多传感器的运动训练辅助机器人主动跟踪算法能够让机器人对健美操运动员进行主动跟踪,且整个跟踪过程能够快速检测到目标并朝之靠拢,同时通过调整自身速度安全、平稳地对目标进行跟踪,能够实现辅助运动员进行训练的目的。     

基于噪声检测的激光光斑图像去噪方法

基于受污染图像的噪声检测,提出了一种有效的椒盐噪声图像混合滤波算法。首先利用可自适应变化的矢量窗口检测噪声,并对检测到的噪声进行分类,然后采用所提出的伪加权中值滤波和伪加权均值滤波两种算法对图像进行混合滤波,最后加入背景阈值和孤立噪点修正量对滤波后的图像进行灰度修正。提出的方法对不同椒盐噪声强度下的激光光斑图像均体现出优异的滤波性能,去噪和边缘保持性能得到了较大提高,优于传统的中值滤波、均值滤波及其一些改进算法。     

同时机器人定位与人体跟踪的多源感知协作粒子滤波方法

提出了分布式多传感器协作的条件粒子滤波算法以解决人与机器人位置的联合概率分布估计问题．全局视觉系统中,各视角独立运行图像平面上基于粒子滤波的目标跟踪,并利用地平面单应关系实现多视角目标主轴同步融合．视觉观测进一步与机器人激光数据以顺序滤波方式异步融合,提出包含人体位置假设的激光似然场模型以提高对机器人位姿误差的鲁棒性,并引入基于Kullback-Leibler距离的自适应采样以降低描述联合分布所需的粒子数目．实验验证了该方法能够在具有观测噪声且人—机位置均不确定的情况下利用多传感器协作实现基于地图的同时机器人定位与人体跟踪．     

六足机器人动态目标检测与跟踪系统研究

动态目标检测与目标跟踪是图像领域的热点研究问题,为研究其在移动机器人领域的应用价值,设计了六足机器人动态目标检测与跟踪系统。针对非刚体运动目标容易被检测为多个分散区域的问题提出区域合并算法,并通过对称匹配、自适应外点滤除对运动背景进行精确补偿,最终基于背景补偿法实现对运动目标的精确检测。研究了基于KCF（Kernel Correlation Filter）的目标跟踪算法在六足机器人平台上的应用,设计了自适应跟踪算法实现六足机器人对运动目标的角度跟踪。将运动目标检测及跟踪算法应用于六足机器人系统。实验表明,在六足机器人移动过程中,系统可对运动目标进行精确检测与跟踪。     

结合DM8168的实时运动目标检测系统设计

结合DM8168多核多通道的特点,设计了一个实时运动目标检测系统,能够实现视频数据的采集、实时运动检测、编解码以及传输等功能。采用Vi Be的目标检测算法,并利用中值滤波进行改进,解决了背景中容易出现Ghost区的问题,提高了运动目标识别能力。最后采用像素扫描标记法实现了目标跟踪。实验结果表明,所提出的方法能在达芬奇平台上实现实时鲁棒的运动目标检测和跟踪。     

基于TBD的粒子滤波红外点状动目标跟踪算法研究

提出了一种新的低信噪比红外序列图像运动点目标检测与跟踪算法,该算法有机地结合了TBD检测算法与粒子滤波跟踪算法。首先通过多帧TBD处理后,检测出运动目标的初始位置和运动速度,然后在跟踪阶段采用粒子滤波算法估计目标运动状态,可实现信噪比为2的点目标的检测与跟踪。对真实红外图像序列进行实验仿真,仿真结果证明,该算法具有良好的实时性与很高的精确性。     

多特征自适应融合的军事伪装目标跟踪

针对军事伪装目标在运动过程中存在与背景分布十分相似或遮挡等强干扰情况下的跟踪问题,提出了一种基于自适应多特征融合的均值漂移算法优化的粒子滤波跟踪算法。利用背景加权后的联合直方图表述目标灰度和梯度方向信息,根据前一帧目标特征的可信度自动调节双方的权重,在粒子滤波算法的框架下,利用改进后的均值漂移算法使粒子向目标状态的最大后验核密度估计方向移动,并设计了特征融合的观测模型,以提高跟踪算法的场景适应能力。实验结果表明,该算法可实现对与背景相似的军事伪装目标的稳定跟踪,对目标的严重遮挡具有很好的鲁棒性。     

基于SUSAN角点和HSV颜色模型的粒子滤波目标跟踪算法

针对传统粒子滤波目标跟踪算法在目标与背景颜色相似情况下目标定位偏差大、易导致丢失目标的缺陷,提出一种基于角点和颜色模型的粒子滤波目标跟踪算法。首先,提出一种改进SUSAN角点检测算法,采用圆形模板邻域内像素灰度值中值代替模板中心像素灰度值作为模板"核"来检测区域目标角点,其改进SUSAN角点算法在继承原有SUSAN算法计算简单、定位准确、具有旋转不变性等特点的同时,具有更好抗噪声性能;其次,利用HSV颜色模型光照不敏锐特性,对检测到的角点建立HSV颜色模型,并将其嵌入到粒子滤波框架中,实现对目标的跟踪。实验结果表明,当背景与目标颜色相近时,该算法能够有效避免背景对目标的干扰,取得了较好的目标跟踪性能。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.