基于ArcGIS的修文县滑坡灾害易发性评价

通过野外调查修文县滑坡,用信息量法和层次分析法进行易发性评价。信息量法中,依据不同区域总信息量大小,来反映不同区域滑坡易发性程度。层次分析法中,先确定每个单因子各等级的得分,再确定不同层次各个因子的权重关系,之后通过加权叠加得到评价分区结果。对两种评价方法在原理和评价结果上的区别进行对比。叠加两方法的分区图,形成滑坡地质灾害易发性综合评价。综合区划中研究区被分为极低易发区、低易发区、中易发区、高易发区、极高易发区。     

基于空间三维极限平衡方法的滑坡危险性分析

滑坡体三维信息是进行滑坡危险性分析不可缺少的工程地质因子,三维滑坡体模型可以更加真实地反映边坡的实际形态,因此越来越多的实际工程要求采用三维理论方法进行稳定性分析。文章介绍了一种基于空间三维极限平衡法的滑坡灾害体危险性评价方法,即利用常规地形数据快速获取滑坡体的极限安全系数来分析灾害体发生失稳的概率,并通过空间信息技术实现灾害体影响区域的三维可视化,可为滑坡灾害的危险性分析提供有效、可靠的决策支持。     

基于GIS和数量化理论Ⅱ的滑坡危险性预测

使用传统的数量化理论可以把定量和定性的指标结合起来综合判断滑坡发生的危险性,而这些方法在实际应用时面临的问题是如何高效率和高精度地定量把握各种滑坡影响因素的空间分布（如地质、倾角、土地利用、地形起伏、汇水面积等）。提出基于GIS的空间数据输入方法,通过矢量数据和栅格数据变换来快速高效地解决数据的准备问题,同时制作接口将这些数据输出,提供给数量化理论进行计算,并把结果反馈给GIS进行区域滑坡灾害预测图的制作。通过上述方法可以大大提高效率以及灾害预测图的准确度。该方法实际应用于日本熊本县水俣市地区得出的结果,证实提出的方法只需要传统方法所需时间的1／10就可以高精度地完成区域滑坡灾害预测图的分析计算和制作工作。     

基于GIS和数量化理论II的滑坡危险性预测

 使用传统的数量化理论可以把定量和定性的指标结合起来综合判断滑坡发生的危险性,而这些方法在实际应用时面临的问题是如何高效率和高精度地定量把握各种滑坡影响因素的空间分布(如地质、倾角、土地利用、地形起伏、汇水面积等)。提出基于GIS的空间数据输入方法,通过矢量数据和栅格数据变换来快速高效地解决数据的准备问题,同时制作接口将这些数据输出,提供给数量化理论进行计算,并把结果反馈给GIS进行区域滑坡灾害预测图的制作。通过上述方法可以大大提高效率以及灾害预测图的准确度。该方法实际应用于日本熊本县水俣市地区得出的结果,证实提出的方法只需要传统方法所需时间的1/10就可以高精度地完成区域滑坡灾害预测图的分析计算和制作工作。     

基于GIS的云南安宁县滑坡危险性预测

采用综合指标法中的信息量预测方法，结合GIS对云南安宁县滑坡危险性进行评价，根据已有滑坡和预测结果的对比，反映出应用GIS滑坡危险性预测的高效与准确。     

基于ArcGIS的四川松新黑水河地区滑坡危险性评价

以松新黑水河地区作为研究区域,基于遥感解译、野外调查统计、地质环境分析、典型滑坡研究的基础上,选取坡度、工程地质岩组、斜坡结构、断裂构造、降雨、人类工程活动等6个与滑坡发生相关的要素作为危险性评价因子。在ArcGIS空间分析模块中,采用自然断点法的数据分类方法,运用频率比——面域模型,对研究区滑坡危险性进行了评价与区划。研究结果表明:松新黑水河地区滑坡危险性分区为:高危险区、中等危险区、低危险区3个区域,所占研究区面积比例分别为32%、50%、18%。     

某地区滑坡地质灾害危险性评估研究

滑坡地质灾害危害大,其危险性评估研究对于灾害的预警具有重要意义。以滑坡灾害点作为研究对象,总结了研究区域内的的地质地理环境特性,对滑坡灾害的产生因素进行了研究;通过建立信息量模型,在研究区建立滑坡风险评价指标体系,利用信息模型和基于层次分析法2种方法开展了风险评估分析,最终得到了研究区的滑坡灾害风险评估区域分布情况,并依据研究区滑坡地质灾害危险性评价提出了相对应的防治措施和建议。     

基于信息量与神经网络模型的滑坡易发性评价

针对神经网络模型进行滑坡易发性评价时,传统的随机选取非滑坡单元存在准确性不高的缺点,提出信息量与神经网络结合的易发性评价模型。以江西省上犹县为研究区,首先,基于上犹县滑坡编录与实际调查,选取坡度、高程、坡向、平面曲率、剖面曲率,植被指数(NDVI)、湿度指数(TWI)、距水系距离、距道路距离、土地利用等10个环境因子,其次利用信息量模型对上犹县进行易发性分区,得到上犹县易发性分区图。然后,从信息量模型得出的易发性分区中的低易发区选取非滑坡单元,与滑坡编录中的历史滑坡点组成测试集与训练集,输入神经网络中训练模型,再将上犹县所有栅格输入,预测上犹县栅格的滑坡概率。最后利用自然断点法在上犹县栅格滑坡概率进行分类,得到基于信息量与人工神经网络结合的上犹县易发性分区图。由易发性结果表明:单独的信息量模型的成功率曲线下面积AUC=0.7364,历史灾害点位于高易发区与较高易发区的灾害数占总灾害数的55.6%;基于信息量与神经网络模型的AUC=0.7874;历史灾害点位于高易发区与较高易发区的灾害数占总灾害数的85.8%。信息量–神经网络的评价模型比单独的信息量模型的评价精度提高了5.1%;高易发区与较高易发区所涵盖的灾害数占比高30.2%。信息量–神经网络模型有更好的评价精度,并且证明了在信息量模型中的极低易发区选取非滑坡点具有可行性。     

GIS技术在地质灾害危险性预测评价中的应用

以GIS技术为依托,结合层次分析法,介绍了地质灾害危险性预测评价方法,并以青藏铁路拉日段为例,采用层次分析法建立了研究区地质灾害危险性评价体系,同时利用Arcgis软件强大的空间数据分析与处理功能进行计算,最终得出研究区地质灾害危险性预测评价分区图。     

GIS在滑坡灾害危险性评价中的应用

在详细研究国内外基于GIS的滑坡灾害危险性分析现状的基础上,以GIS为操作平台,选取南水北调西线一期工程区某库区为研究对象,使用信息权法对研究区滑坡进行危险性评价,指出该方法改进了传统信息量模型不考虑因子权重,将变量提供的信息量作为信息权看待的不足,使评价的结果更加合理可靠。     

Landslide hazard assessment and judgment of reliability: a geomechanical approach

Landslide hazard maps are often defined as reliable a posteriori, in accordance with the real landslides occurring from the time of the map production. However, to be useful for planning, a reliability judgment concerning the hazard mapping should be a priori, based on data uncertainty characterization, and must be driven by the knowledge of the slope instability mechanisms. The landslide hazard assessment, when based on the deterministic diagnosis of the processes, may really lead to really providing clues about how and why the slope could fail (landslide susceptibility) and, possibly, when (landslide hazard). Such deterministic assessment can be pursued only through the interpretation and the geo-hydro-mechanical modelling of the slope equilibrium. In practice, though, the landslide hazard assessment is still seldom dealt with slope modelling, in particular when it addresses intermediate to regional zoning. The paper firstly offers an overview of the key steps of a methodology called the multiscalar method for landslide mitigation, MMLM, which that is a methodological approach for the intermediate to regional landslide hazard assessment using the hydro-mechanical diagnoses of landsliding. The validation of the MMLM to the geologically complex outer sectors of the Southern Apennines (Daunia-Lucanian mountains; Italy) is also delineated, together with a practical approach to incorporate a reliability judgment in the landslide susceptibility/hazard mapping.     

三峡库区万州区滑坡灾害易发性评价研究

 滑坡灾害易发性研究在滑坡灾害风险管理与城市规划等方面具有非常重要的现实意义。以往的研究中,鲜有对指标因子状态划分作有关深入分析和讨论的。鉴于此,以滑坡灾害频发的三峡库区万州区为研究对象：首先,选取影响滑坡发生的7个致灾因子(地层岩性、地质构造、水系分布、坡度、坡向、坡体结构及土地利用)作为滑坡易发性的评价指标,依据各指标条件下滑坡累计发生频率曲线斜率的变化,并结合滑坡面积比和分级面积比曲线对指标因子的状态进行分级;其次,根据全区655个历史滑坡数据,分别运用信息量模型和逻辑回归模型建立各自的滑坡易发性评价体系;再则,采用快速聚类法(K-means cluster)对以上2种方法所得到的易发性结果进行分级,并基于GIS平台,得到全区滑坡易发性区划图;最后,从模型结果、精度、适用条件等方面对2个模型进行讨论和比较,研究结果表明：信息量模型和逻辑回归模型的预测精度分别为73.0%和54.9%,前者预测能力要优于后者。     

Reliability of landslide isopleth maps

  Following very heavy rainfall on 19/20 July 1983, 109 landslides occurred in the east of Findikli, Rize, north-east Turkey. The movements took place in completely weathered andesitic, dacitic and granitic rocks as well as slope debris. They extended over an area of approximately 25 km². The paper discusses the contour (isopleth) map prepared using data from the 1983 landslides and discusses its value for landslide hazard zoning. It is concluded that on the basis of 12 years of field evidence, a contour map derived from a precise inventory map can be a useful tool. Received: 28 November 1998 · Accepted: 15 May 1999     

A method for quick assessment of earthquake-triggered landslide hazards: a case study of the Mw6.1 2014 Ludian,China earthquake

Rapid assessment of the distribution of earthquake-triggered landslides is an important component of effective disaster mitigation. The effort should be based on both seismic landslide susceptibility and the ground shaking intensity, which is usually measured by peak ground acceleration (PGA). In this paper, we address this issue by analyzing data from the Mw6.1 2014 Ludian, China earthquake. The Newmark method of rigid-block modeling was applied to calculate the critical acceleration of slopes in the study area, which serve as measurement of slope stability under seismic load. The assessment of earthquake-triggered landslide hazard was conducted by comparing these critical accelerations with the distribution of known PGA values. The study area was classified into zones of five levels of landslide hazard: high, moderate high, moderate, light, and very light. Comparison shows that the resulting landslide hazard zones agree with the actual distribution of earthquake-triggered landslides. Nearly 70% of landslides are located in areas of high and moderately high hazard, which occupy only 17% of the study region. This paper demonstrates that using PGA, combined with the analysis of seismic landslide susceptibility, allows a reliable assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides hazards. This easy-operation mapping method is expected to be helpful in emergency preparedness planning, as well as in seismic landslide hazard zoning.

     

地理信息系统/遥感技术支持下三峡库区青干河流域滑坡危险性评价

以统计模型为基础、地理信息系统作为工具的滑坡灾害评价模式已经得到普遍认可和使用,数字高程模型(DEM)、遥感影像、区域地质调查资料已经成为区域滑坡评价研究的因子数据源。选择三峡库区青干河流域顺向坡滑坡多发地段为研究区,在滑坡编目数据库基础上,通过:(1)数字高程模型获取高程、坡度、地形聚水能力因子;(2)遥感影像获取植被指数;(3)区域地质调查资料、数字高程模型计算斜坡类型定量因子TOBIA指数及获取岩石地层单元因子。采用二分类变量逻辑回归评价方法对上述6种因子建立滑坡危险性评价模型,开展地理信息系统/遥感技术支持下顺向坡滑坡危险性评价研究。研究结果表明,根据模型概率值分布和已知滑坡发育关系,可以将研究区划分为高危险区、中等危险区、低危险区3个等级,高危险区包含70%已知滑坡,中等危险区包含14%已知滑坡,评价结果和实际滑坡发育情况吻合,合理地反映区内滑坡灾害发育的总体特征。     

基于GIS的区域滑坡危险性预测方法与初步应用

在GIS平台上，将多元空间信息统计分析方法与非线性统计预测方法相结合，在充分考虑滑坡与各环境因子之间的统计相关性和位置相关性的基础上，研究了滑坡与环境因子之间定量关系的表示方法，建立了单因子分析，多因子分析、整组性分析和多元空间信息的非线性预测模型，在理论基础上，选取香港大屿山岛中部作为试验研究区，利用环境因子进行区域滑坡危险性预测，经实际资料检验表明，该模型可获取较高的预测精度，具有极大的应用潜力。     

Landslide hazard zonation of the Khorshrostam area, Iran

 Landslide hazard zonation is a method to evaluate the risk where there is the potential for landslides. The factors contributing to the hazard in an area can usually be identified, results of the investigations frequently being presented as a landslide hazard zonation map indicating zones of similar risk of the occurrence of a landslide. Korshrostam is one of the areas most susceptible to landslides in Iran with more than 13% of its surface being affected by landslide activity. The effects include damage or disturbance to villages, farmlands and roads as well as the exacerbation of erosion of the land surface and consequently an increase in the rate of sedimentation in the water flowing into the reservoir of the Manjil dam. The method of landslide zonation used in this study was based on a simple grid unit. A number of factors contributing to the likelihood of landsliding were considered, including lithology, slope, tectonic activity, land use and groundwater. For each grid unit, the incidence of landsliding and an assessment of the likely contributory factors were recorded in terms of a surface percentage index (SPI). A computer program was written using fuzzy sets to calculate the hazard potential index (HPI) for each unit. This was used to prepare the landslide hazard zonation map. Received: 10 June 1999 · Accepted: 16 September 1999     

Identification of landslide hazard and risk ‘hotspots’ in Europe

Landslides are a serious problem for humans and infrastructure in many parts of Europe. Experts know to a certain degree which parts of the continent are most exposed to landslide hazard. Nevertheless, neither the geographical location of previous landslide events nor knowledge of locations with high landslide hazard necessarily point out the areas with highest landslide risk. In addition, landslides often occur unexpectedly and the decisions on where investments should be made to manage and mitigate future events are based on the need to demonstrate action and political will. The goal of this study was to undertake a uniform and objective analysis of landslide hazard and risk for Europe. Two independent models, an expert-based or heuristic and a statistical model (logistic regression), were developed to assess the landslide hazard. Both models are based on applying an appropriate combination of the parameters representing susceptibility factors (slope, lithology, soil moisture, vegetation cover and other- factors if available) and triggering factors (extreme precipitation and seismicity). The weights of different susceptibility and triggering factors are calibrated to the information available in landslide inventories and physical processes. The analysis is based on uniform gridded data for Europe with a pixel resolution of roughly 30 m × 30 m. A validation of the two hazard models by organizations in Scotland, Italy, and Romania showed good agreement for shallow landslides and rockfalls, but the hazard models fail to cover areas with slow moving landslides. In general, the results from the two models agree well pointing out the same countries with the highest total and relative area exposed to landslides. Landslide risk was quantified by counting the number of exposed people and exposed kilometers of roads and railways in each country. This process was repeated for both models. The results show the highest relative exposure to landslides in small alpine countries such as Lichtenstein. In terms of total values on a national level, Italy scores highest in both the extent of exposed area and the number for exposed population. Again, results agree between the two models, but differences between the models are higher for the risk than for the hazard results. The analysis gives a good overview of the landslide hazard and risk hotspots in Europe and allows a simple ranking of areas where mitigation measures might be most effective.     

降雨影响下的区域滑坡危险性动态评价研究——以三峡库区万州主城区为例

 降雨引发的滑坡具有区域性的群发效应,能够在短时间内造成大量的灾难性损失。基于此,提出一种可考虑不同降雨期影响的区域滑坡危险性评价方法。该方法以瞬态降雨入渗的区域斜坡稳定性计算模型为基础,将滑坡危险性定义为在一定持续降雨期内各栅格单元体失稳的概率。通过岩土体物理力学参数的不确定性进行各栅格单元体失稳概率的求解,继而获得区域内滑坡的危险性分布。基于ArcGIS软件开发出区域滑坡危险性动态评价工具。以三峡库区万州主城区为例,详细介绍危险性评价工具的数据处理过程以及参数选取方法,并以2种不同的降雨工况进行比较计算。现场斜坡稳定性的调查与计算结果的对比及统计分析表明：滑坡的危险性分布图与真实滑坡的稳定性情况基本一致,并在一定程度上反应了该地区斜坡稳定性的时空分布特征,测试并验证了评价工具的正确性。