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以唐山市一既有居住建筑节能改造工程为例,分析了北方寒冷地区既有居住建筑节能改造效果.通过采集改造前后两个供暖季建筑的供热量,与住户室内逐时温度,进行对比分析.利用能耗模拟软件DeST-h对建筑改造前后的能耗进行模拟分析,结果表明:外围护结构进行保温改造对于既有居住建筑具有直接的节能效果,并能提高住户室内的舒适性. 相似文献
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北方住宅节能是我国建筑节能的重中之重,对北方住宅节能中关键问题与不利因素的分析,有利于抓住现状问题,推动住宅节能实际效果的改善与优化。该研究在北京市选取了不同采暖方式的3个住宅小区、共45个样本家庭进行长达一年的热环境测试和问卷调查,调研内容包括室内外热环境、建筑基本信息、住户行为模式三个方面。根据调研数据,大致分析北方城镇住宅的能耗组成以及各项能源消耗情况。然后分别从住宅建筑特征和居住者行为模式两个层面,分析北方城镇居住建筑中各类能耗的实际表现和现状问题。最后,总结北方城镇居住建筑中不利于节能的关键问题,并初步提出可行的改进措施。 相似文献
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一、河南省建筑节能现状
1.建筑能耗占全社会总能耗的比重高
目前,河南省既有建筑约15亿平方米,其中既有居住建筑总面积约10亿平方米,且每年新增居住建筑约4000万平方米,预计到2020年新增建筑面积将超过6亿平方米。 相似文献
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The purposes of this research are to contrast the energy use characteristics of old residential buildings and new residential buildings in Shanghai, China, to look into influence factors of residential energy consumption, and to further analyze the reasons which result in the differences of energy consumption quantities between high-energy use family group and low-energy use family group. 1610 families in Residential District A and 819 families in Residential District B were chosen to trace their monthly energy consumption data in the whole year of 2006. Buildings in District A were all constructed in the 1980s, while those in District B were built in the 2000s. 300 families in each district were further selected from all above investigated families to do questionnaires in the year of 2007, so as to understand building characteristics, the possession and utilization of space heating and cooling appliances, and energy-saving consciousness. Annual energy consumption of the two kinds of buildings is contrasted and energy consumption quantities of spacing cooling and heating are also calculated. Influencing factors of residential energy consumption are analyzed by Quantification Theory I. Quantification Theory III is used to classify all the families into different categories based on the differences in their energy consumption amounts, and to further find out the reasons leading to the different energy consumption between different groups. Conclusions are as follows: (1) the average annual energy consumption quantity is 23.27 GJ/household for new buildings and 14.40 GJ/household for old buildings. The ratio of space heating and cooling to total annual energy consumption is just 16% and 11.6% for new buildings and old buildings respectively; (2) energy consumption and its variance lie on the integration of many factors, such as the floor area, materials of window frames, the number of family members, operation months of space heaters in winter and air conditioners in summer, and energy-saving actions; (3) all the families in the two districts can be classified into two categories: Household Region M of much energy use, and Household Region N of little energy use. Adopting the aluminum window frames, large floor areas and the large number of family members (above 4 person) are the main reasons leading to more energy use in Household Region M, while the small number of family members (1-2 persons/household) and small floor areas are the main reasons resulting in the less energy use in Household Region N; the long period of space heating, using illumination as little as possible are also the reasons causing the differences in energy consumption quantities between the two categories, but their influences on the samples clustering are smaller than the main reasons above; (4) compared with the energy consumption in some developed countries, the ratio of space heating and cooling to total residential energy use is much smaller in Shanghai. Indoor thermal environment is very poor besides that. With the growth of economy and the improvement of living standard, people will have the higher requirement for good-quality indoor thermal environment, and hence space heaters and coolers will be used much more frequently, so the residential energy consumption in China will still continuously increase rapidly, if few energy-conservation strategies are adopted; (5) considering current little prevalence of energy-saving actions with low efficiency, more effective energy-saving actions should be fully adopted in China. 相似文献
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城镇既有居住建筑绿色改造是实现我国能耗总量控制、单位GDP二氧化碳排放量削减、绿色建筑建设的重要途径。通过选取严寒、寒冷地区气候子区典型城镇,并根据典型城镇历年人口、人均住宅面积以及相关设计规范等建立各气候子区典型城镇居住建筑模型;同时,采用建筑能耗模拟软件DeST-h模拟分析了严寒、寒冷地区历年既有居住建筑节能改造后的能耗情况,从而得到既有居住建筑绿色改造对严寒、寒冷地区的居住建筑能耗的影响,对同类既有居住建筑绿色改造具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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住宅建筑的采暖空调能耗受室内居住人员行为方式的影响,在调查研究基础上,确定了两种反映室内居住人员行为方式的计算模式。在两种不同计算模式下,利用建筑热环境模拟工具DeST对上海地区同一住宅建筑能耗进行模拟,并将模拟结果与调研结果进行比较,分析计算模式对上海地区住宅建筑采暖空调能耗大小的影响,从而获得能正确反映上海地区住宅建筑采暖空调能耗大小的模拟计算方法。此方法可用于上海地区住宅建筑采暖空调的能耗分析与评价,并正确指导住宅建筑的节能设计。 相似文献
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以厦门农村住宅为调查研究的对象,采取实地调研和计算机模拟相结合的方法,根据农宅住户实际用电特征将厦门农村住宅分为6种基本类型,从中归纳出3种不同的空间原型作为计算机模拟的模型,通过De ST-h模拟软件进行能耗模拟,得出典型农村住宅基本能耗,分析其建筑能耗的特点。结果表明,农宅的用能方式导致不同的建筑形态其能耗也不同,通过典型气象年的运算发现,空调冷负荷在建筑总能耗中占比最大,3种计算模式的空调开启时间和运行时间均不同,3种计算模型的空调能耗占比分别是81.5%、84.6%、96.8%。 相似文献
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