等温热处理对AZ91D半固态挤压铸造成形的影响

研究了等温热处理温度和保温时间等工艺对AZ91D镁合金半固态挤压成形的影响.结果表明半固态等温热处理可以将普通金属型铸造的AZ91D镁合金锭中的枝晶组织转变为球形晶粒组织,并能进行半固态挤压成形.AZ91D镁合金半固态挤压成形所需的最佳工艺条件是加热温度570 ℃左右,保温时间25～35 min,或加热温度580 ℃左右,保温时间10～20 min.     

AZ91D镁合金半固态挤压铸造的研究

研究了AZ91D镁合金在不同半固态温度下的挤压铸造。结果表明：半固态等温热处理可以将金属型铸造的AZ91D镁合金锭中的枝晶组织转变为球形晶粒组织,并能进行半固态挤压成形。AZ91D镁合金半固态挤压成形所需的最佳工艺条件是加热温度570℃左右,保温时问25～35min,或加热温度580℃左右,保温时问10～20min。     

原位TiC颗粒含量对近液相线铸造7075铝合金二次加热组织的影响

采用原位反应近液相线铸造法制备具有不同原位TiC颗粒含量的TiC_p/7075铝基复合材料,在7075铝合金固-液两相区间(477～635 ℃)的580和600 ℃进行二次加热并保温20 min,水淬固定其半固态组织,应用Image Pro Plus软件测量平均晶粒尺寸及形状因子,研究原位TiC颗粒含量对该合金二次加热组织的影响.结果表明:当原位TiC颗粒质量分数为0～4.4%时,随着原位TiC颗粒质量分数增加,合金铸态组织直接转变为等轴晶组织,且在二次加热过程中,原位TiC颗粒对晶粒的长大行为具有明显的抑制作用;在相同的二次加热条件下,4.4%TiC_p/7075铝基复合材料的平均晶粒尺寸比7075基体合金的减少30～40 μm,更加适合于半固态触变成形.     

等温热处理工艺对AZ91D镁合金半固态组织演变和成形性的影响

研究了等温热处理温度和保温时间等工艺参数对AZ91D镁合金半固态组织演变和成形性的影响。结果表明 ,半固态等温热处理可以将普通金属型铸造的AZ91D镁合金锭中的枝晶组织转变为球形晶粒组织 ,其演变过程为 :在升温过程中晶界处部分γ相先发生溶解 ,随着温度的升高 ,剩余的γ相开始熔化 ,继而δ相也发生熔化 ,并在等温处理中逐渐演变为球状 ;保温温度越高 ,半固态重熔和δ相演变过程越快 ,保温温度过高或保温时间过长 ,试样易发生变形 ,同时 ,球状晶粒也容易趋于长大。AZ91D镁合金半固态成形所需的最佳工艺条件为加热温度 5 70℃左右 ,保温时间 2 5～ 35min ;或加热温度 5 80℃左右 ,保温时间 15～ 2 0min。     

添加Al-Ti-B的Mg-20Al-0.8Zn半固态组织的形成机理

利用添加质量分数为0.4%的Al-Ti-B中间合金来改善Mg-20Al-0.8Zn镁合金的铸态组织,研究了该合金在半固态等温处理过程中的组织演变以及非枝晶组织的制备与控制.结果表明,Al-Ti-B能显著减小铸态Mg-20Al-0.8Zn合金的晶粒尺寸,且经过Al-Ti-B细化处理的Mg-20Al-0.8Zn合金在半固态等温热处理过程中可获得更加均匀、细小的球状固相颗粒,固相颗粒的粗化速度较慢.试验得到的半固态组织中固相颗粒的平均尺寸为55～65 μm.试验表明,采用等温处理(450℃+保温90～120 min;465℃+保温90 min或485℃+保温60～90 min)能够得到更适合触变成形的半固态浆料,其半固态浆料的组织更加均匀、晶粒更加细小.     

双层金属管用半固态坯料制备及二次加热

采用机械搅拌的方法制备半固态浆料,利用专门的制坯模按照预定尺寸制得能够使用于挤压成形双层金属管的半固态AZ91镁合金棒料和A356铝合金坯料,研究制备工艺以及二次加热温度及保温时间对半固态坯料微观组织的影响.通过组织分析,对双层金属管用AZ91镁合金坯料和A356铝合金坯料的触变性进行了研究.结果表明,双层金属管用AZ91镁合金坯料最佳尺寸为24 mm,二次加热温度为560 ℃,保温时间为21 min;A356铝合金环状坯料最佳尺寸壁厚为8 mm,二次加热温度为600 ℃,保温时间为20 min时,此时能得到适合于进行半固态触变成形的球化组织.     

添加AI—Ti—B的Mg-20AI-0．8Zn半固态组织的形成机理

利用添加质量分数为0．4％的AI—Ti—B中间合金来改善Mg-20AI-0．8Zn镁合金的铸态组织,研究了该合金在半固态等温处理过程中的组织演变以及非枝晶组织的制备与控制。结果表明,AI-Ti-B能显著减小铸态Mg-20AI-0．8Zn合金的晶粒尺寸,且经过AI-Ti-B细化处理的Mg-20AI-0．8Zn合金在半固态等温热处理过程中可获得更加均匀、细小的球状固相颗粒,固相颗粒的粗化速度较慢。试验得到的半固态组织中固相颗粒的平均尺寸为55～65μm。试验表明,采用等温处理（450℃＋保温90～120min;465℃＋保温90min或485℃＋保温60～90min）能够得到更适合触变成形的半固态浆料,其半固态浆料的组织更加均匀、晶粒更加细小。     

应变诱发AZ91D镁合金半固态组织形态及形成机理

采用应变诱发方法制备了AZ91D镁合金半固态材料。考察了变形率、温度、保温时间对固相体积分数、组织形态以及晶粒尺寸的影响。结果表明：在冷变形条件下.于570℃保温一定时间后。可制备出固相体积分数最小达55％的镁合金半固态材料。分析讨论了AZ91D镁合金半固态组织的形成机理。在热处理过程中，组织发生再结晶，而冷变形程度对再结晶的组织有显著影响。     

液相线半连续铸造7075Al合金二次加热与触变成形

研究了液相线半连续铸造的7075Al合金半固态浆料在不同温度下的液固相比、二次加热组织、触变成形性,以及热处理前后成形件的力学性能。结果表明,7075Al合金触变成形液相比为30%-50%时对应的温度区间为600-620℃,二次加热可以将液相线半连续铸造7075Al合金锭坯中的蔷薇状和近球状组织转化为球形晶粒组织,适合于半固态加工,组织最佳的条件是加热温度580℃左右,保温时间15-30min,及加热温度600℃左右,保温时间5-15min.加热到600℃,保温15min后7075合金流动性成形性非常好,闭模锻造完全可以半固态成形,未经热处理的7075Al合金成形件强度极限达357.9MPa,T6热处理后强度极限达468MPa。     

触变模锻成形工艺对镁合金成形件力学性能的影响

采用半固态等温热处理法、近液相线模锻法和等通道角挤压法制备AZ91D—Y镁合金半固态坯料。分别将3种状态的坯料加热到半固态温度区间进行二次重熔后,进行了触变模锻成形。结果表明,在半固态温度为560℃,模锻压力为200MPa的条件下,半固态等温热处理法、近液相线模锻法和等通道角挤压法制备坯料分别保温30,20,15min后触变模锻获得最佳力学性能;随着坯料加热温度的升高,触变模锻成形件力学性能呈现先上升后下降的趋势;增加成形压力有利于触变模锻成形件力学性能的提高;在相同成形条件下,等通道角挤压法制备坯料触变模锻后的力学性能最好,近液相线模锻法次之,半固态等温热处理法较差。     

Dynamical solidification behaviors and microstructural evolution during vibrating wavelike sloping plate process

A vibrating wavelike sloping plate process (VWSP) was proposed. Heat and solute transformations, nucleation mechanism and grain growth as well as microstructure evolution were investigated. It is shown that the sloping plate can provide strong undercooling, and a large quantity of heterogonous nuclei appear on the sloping plate surface, wavelike flow and vibration can enable heterogonous nucleus to escape off the plate, which lead to nucleus multiplication. Moreover, wavelike flow and vibration improve solute diffusion coefficient and cause uniform solute and temperature field, which lead to eruptive nucleation. Grain growth has two typical ways, direct globular growth and dendritic growth. Under relative uniform temperature and solute fields, some grains can keep stable growth surface, go on growing with the round surface and finally maintain their globular structure. However, there are always some grains that grow along a certain preferred direction, but under wavelike flow and vibration their dendritic arms break and transform into near spherical structure. During the casting process, microstructural evolution from globular/dendritic structure to globular/equiaxed structure and to globular structure was observed.     

Induction heating of semisolid billet and control of globular microstructure to prevent coarsening phenomena

An important step in the thixoforming process is the induction heating of the raw materials to the semisolid state. Using this technology, the process behavior is satisfactory from the point of view of reproducibility and temperature control. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to define the correct relationship between coil length and billet length for uniform induction heating and to present the optimal reheating conditions suitable for the thixoforming process (or to secure a fine globular microstructure without liquid segregation). The optimal inductive coil on the induction heating process of semisolid billet machined to 76 mm diameter and 90 mm length to reduce the temperature gradient of the billet and to obtain the globular microstructure was theoretically designed and the suitability of the designed coil dimensions verified by reheating experiments. The globular microstructures of semisolid billet in heating and holding processes were controlled to prevent the coarsening phenomena of Al-7%Si-0.3%Mg alloy and to apply to the thixoforming process. In addition, the effects of the history of processing and induction heating parameters such as reheating time, holding time, holding temperatures, capacity of the induction heating system, and adiabatic material size on the globularization were investigated. It was concluded that in the case of a three-step reheating process, the final holding time is the most important factor and 2 min is suitable to maintain a globular microstructure.     

剪切/振动耦合作用下连续流变轧制成形A2017合金组织演化及动态凝固(英文)

将振动倾斜板制浆技术与轧制技术有机结合,开发新型连续流变轧制成形技术,利用该技术制备A2017合金板材。研究连续流变轧制成形过程中A2017合金组织演化及动态凝固行为。结果表明,在振动倾斜板制浆过程中,由于倾斜板的强冷却及振动作用,熔体内部形核率较高,晶粒有两种长大方式:一是直接球形长大,二是先枝晶生长然后断裂球化,因此促进了球形晶和玫瑰晶的形成。在半固态浆料轧制过程中晶粒被拉长。随着浇注温度升高,晶粒尺寸逐渐变大。当浇注温度为650660°C时,可以制备表面形貌和内部组织较好的A2017合金板材,其内部组织主要由球形晶和玫瑰晶组成。     

SEMI-SOLID MICROSTRUCTURE AND ITS EVOLUTION OF WROUGHT ALUMINUM ALLOY BY DIRECTLY HEATING-ISOTHERMAL TREATMENT

Microstructure evolution of wrought aluminum alloy extruded rods and the mechanism of liquid phase formation during reheating were investigated. And the relation between the volume fraction of liquid phase and the recrystallization microstructure was proposed. The results show that increase in reheating temperature and time can augment the volume fraction of liquid phase and accelerate the grain spheroidization, as a result of which the requirement of semi-solid forming can be satisfied. Due to the higher aberration energy of grain boundary, the melting point is lowered as a result of the easy diffusion of atoms. At higher reheating temperature the grain boundary melts, the growth of the recrystallized grain is inhibited and the grain is refined. The composition of the low melt-point phase along the recrystallized grains was determined using EDS. It can be seen from the experimental results that when the extrusion rod of the wrought aluminum alloy is reheated at 610℃ for 20min, perfect fine equiaxial grains can be obtained, the average grain size is about 66.34μm and the volume fraction of solid phase is about 68%.     

Microstructure evolution during reheating of extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy into semisolid state

The microstructure evolution of an extruded Mg-8.57Gd-3.72Y-0.54Zr (mass fraction, %, GW94) alloy during reheating into the semisolid state was investigated using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Typical semisolid microstructure with globular solid particles distributed in the liquid matrix is obtained over 600 °C. The solid content of (Gd+Y) in the primary a-Mg particles decreases with increasing the semisolid temperature. With the prolongation of isothermal holding time, the liquid fraction does not change significantly, while the grains grow up and spheroidize. Three methods used to determine the liquid fraction as a function of temperature, namely quantitative metallography on quenched microstructures, cooling curve thermal analysis, and thermodynamic calculations were further compared.     

Induction heating process of an Al–Si aluminum alloy for semi-solid die casting and its resulting microstructure

During induction heating, the relationship between time and temperature must be controlled exactly to obtain a homogeneous temperature distribution over the entire cross-sectional area. Because the initial solid fraction in the semi-solid die casting (SDC) process is the main parameter to achieve a homogeneous flow behavior of the liquid and solid phases and to prevent macro-segregation effects in the SDC process, an accurately controllable induction heating method must be selected for the reheating process. The purpose of this work is not just to obtain the desire solid fraction, generally about 50%, but also to ensure the optimal induction heating conditions of A356 alloy to reduce the temperature gradient of a 76 mmdiameter×90 mmlength billet and to obtain a fine globular microstructure without grain coarsening (resulting microstructure). This work shows that, in the case of a three-step reheating process for the SDC process, the final holding time is the most important factor to maintain a fine globular microstructure without grain coarsening.     

原位内生TiB_2/Al-4Cu复合材料半固态二次加热组织演化

对原位内生TiB2/Al-4Cu复合材料半固态坯料进行二次加热,利用光学显微镜,图像分析仪等手段,对坯料二次加热微观组织的演化进行了研究。结果表明,随着加热温度的升高和保温时间的延长,液相分数增加,α(Al)晶粒发生了长大和圆整化。TiB2/Al-4Cu复合材料合适的半固态重熔参数为:加热温度570～600℃,保温时间小于10min。组织演化机制分析表明,二次加热初期,液相少,晶粒主要通过快速合并长大。随着加热温度的升高和保温时间的延长,液相增加,晶粒主要通过原子扩散缓慢长大并发生球化。     

SiC颗粒、保温时间对SiC_P/AZ61复合材料半固态组织的影响

研究SiC颗粒、保温时间对SiCP/AZ61复合材料半固态组织的影响,并探讨复合材料等温过程中半固态组织演变机理。结果表明,SiCP/AZ61复合材料在温度595℃,不同保温时间(0min～90min)下,其组织的演变过程为,枝晶臂合并→大块状组织→晶界处局部熔化分离→晶粒组织球化→球状组织缓慢长大。在温度595℃,保温30min～60min时,SiCP/AZ61复合材料可以获得最佳的半固态组织;与AZ61基体合金相比,由于SiC颗粒的加入,使得SiCP/AZ61复合材料在等温热处理过程中的半固态组织更为细小,并且随着SiC颗粒体积分数增加,其半固态组织中球状颗粒的尺寸越小。     

Microstructure evolution and properties of Mg-3Sn-1Mn (wt%) alloy strip processed by semisolid rheo-rolling

The high cooling rate caused by the sloping plate and stirring action caused by the vibration and metal flow lead to a high nucleation rate as well as two primary grain growth patterns, direct globular growth as well as dendrite growth and subsequent breakage, which causes the formation of fine spherical or rosette primary grains. The change of the primary grain shape is not obvious in the roll gap. However, solid fraction increases from the entrance to the exit of the roll gap. The spherical or rosette grains were remained eventually. When the casting temperature is 670 °C, and the vibrating amplitude is 1.5 mm, the strip with a cross section of 4 mm×160 mm was produced. Homogeneous microstructure was obtained. Mechanical properties of the present product were higher than that of Mg-3Sn-1Mn (wt%) alloy casting with the addition of 0.87 wt% Ce.