河南省石炭-二叠系海陆过渡相页岩气成藏地质条件

河南省石炭-二叠系是一套海陆过渡相的含煤岩系,其中的泥页岩是潜在的页岩气层位,具有有效泥页岩单层厚度变化大、累计厚度大等特点.本文利用区内石炭-二叠系露头及钻孔岩芯资料,通过泥页岩的总有机碳含量(ω_TOC)测定、干酪根镜检、镜质组反射率测定、X射线衍射分析、低温氮气吸附实验等,对页岩气的成藏地质条件和储层特征进行了研究.结果表明,河南石炭-二叠系泥页岩有机质丰度高,太原组、山西组、下石盒子组有机碳含量分别为0.95%～8.04%、0.78%～9.41%、0.20%～2.13%;干酪根类型主体为Ⅲ型,部分为Ⅱ₂型;热演化程度为成熟—过成熟,利于干气的形成,区域上呈带状分布,以焦作—周口一带成熟度最高,向南、向北逐渐降低.XRD分析表明,泥页岩的黏土矿物含量为62%,脆性矿物含量为34.1%,决定了泥页岩的吸附能力较强而可压裂性较差.黏土矿物组成以伊利石/蒙脱石间层矿物(57.1%)和高岭石矿物(23.5%)为主,利于孔隙空间的形成.泥页岩孔隙率为1.0%～4.5%,渗透率为0.003～0.032mD.低温氮气吸附实验显示,泥页岩孔隙形态类型以平行板狭缝状孔和倾斜板狭缝状孔为主,介孔提供绝大部分孔隙比表面积和总孔体积.泥页岩含气性较好,含气量为1～3m3/t,具备页岩气成藏的含气性条件.综合分析认为,太原组中部硅质碎屑岩段(H₁)与山西组底部(H₂)泥页岩具有较好的生烃潜力,保存条件好或受区域热事件影响较低的地区是重点勘探区。     

黔北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气成藏条件及有利区优选

通过地质条件与地球化学综合分析,从页岩沉积环境、生烃条件、储集条件及保存条件等方面进行研究,认为下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩具备较好的页岩气成藏条件,深水陆棚相是页岩气发育的最有利相带。页岩厚度和有机碳含量是影响黔北地区页岩气藏形成的主要因素,并据此进行有利区优选,划定出石阡-瓮安有利区和酉阳-思南有利区。     

沁水盆地上古生界海陆过渡相页岩气成藏条件研究

以沁水盆地海陆过渡相富有机质泥页岩为研究对象,分析野外露头和岩芯观察、采样,地化参数和物性参数等测试资料,研究富有机质泥页岩的沉积相、厚度及分布、有机质类型及含量、热成熟度、孔隙度等页岩气成藏条件。结果表明,沁水盆地上古生界石炭—二叠系海陆过渡相富有机质泥页岩主要发育在沼泽相和三角洲相。常与煤层,灰岩、致密砂岩,粉砂岩等互层,纵横变化快,单层厚度不大,有机碳含量相对海相、陆相泥页岩较高,有机质类型以混合型,腐殖型为主,有机质热成熟度多处在成气高峰阶段,有利于页岩气的形成。     

海陆过渡相煤系页岩气成藏条件及储层特征——以四川盆地南部龙潭组为例

结合扬子地区海陆过渡相煤系页岩分布与地质特征,以四川盆地南部二叠系龙潭组为例,采用有机碳、Rock-eval热解、显微组分定量、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、高压压汞、低温气体吸附等多种实验分析方法,对海陆过渡相煤系页岩气成藏条件及储层特征进行了研究。结果表明：海陆过渡相煤系页岩,累计厚度较大,多在100 m以上,而单层厚度较小,一般小于40 m,通常与煤层和致密砂岩甚至与灰岩互层。四川盆地南部海陆过渡相龙潭组煤系页岩有机碳含量较高（TOC含量为0.85%～35.70%,平均6.73%）,有机质类型以腐殖型为主（干酪根碳同位素δ13C为-28.0‰～-23.5‰）,有机质成熟度达高-过成熟阶段（Ro为1.95%～2.40%,平均2.22%）;页岩中黏土矿物较为发育（20.3%～92.3%,平均61.9%）,脆性矿物含量较低（6.3%～65.7%,平均27.7%）,页岩储层可压裂性较海相页岩差。龙潭组煤系页岩孔隙度多大于3%,孔隙类型多样,常见粒间孔（含量占29.08%）和溶蚀孔（占30.18%）,其次是有机质孔（占16.74%）和粒内孔（占10.56%）,还有晶间孔（占4.94%）和微裂缝（占8.5%）,为页岩气赋存提供了储集空间;页岩含气性较好,含气量主要介于1.0～3.0 m3/t。     

沁水盆地南部致密砂岩和页岩的气测显示与气藏类型

煤系本身及其上覆地层能够形成具有工业开发价值的致密砂岩和页岩气藏,综合勘探这些非常规天然气资源将有助于提高煤层气开发效益。依托17口井的气测录井资料,分析了沁水盆地南部石炭二叠纪煤系及其上覆地层致密砂岩和页岩的气测显示规律,讨论了致密砂岩气与页岩气的赋存方式和勘探前景。结果显示:区内砂岩和页岩的气测显示十分普遍,区域和层位显示差异较大;砂岩气发现几率相对较高,页岩气品位相对较好;下石盒子组具有砂岩气和页岩气的勘探潜力,太原组具有页岩储层厚度品位,山西组具有砂岩储层厚度品位。研究认为,页岩气最有利勘探层位为太原组,砂岩气最有利层位是下石盒子组,山西组也有一定的砂岩气和页岩气勘探潜力。以此为基础,初步划分出独立砂岩气、独立页岩气、煤-页岩-砂岩互层气组合3种气藏类型,认为砂岩气和页岩气有利区主要位于盆地中央地带,总体上沿复向斜轴部呈NNE向展布。其中,沁源区块中—南部、郑庄区块-马必区块-沁南区块结合部、柿庄北区块西北部3个核心区值得关注。     

济宁凹陷石炭二叠系非常规油气潜力

通过济宁凹陷石炭—二叠系泥页岩厚度、地球化学、岩石矿物学、储层孔渗和含气性等特征分析发现,山西组、太原组作为复合评价层,为研究区主要页岩气储层。泥页岩厚度呈现"南薄北厚"趋势,最厚处大于310 m,有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主,有机碳含量0.23%～28.84%,生烃潜量0.01～34.23 mg/g,有机质丰度中等-好,有机质成熟度0.67%～3.51%,处于低成熟-成熟阶段,具较好的生气潜力;泥页岩矿物成分以黏土矿物、石英和长石为主,平均含量分别为42.0%,44.25%和9.95%,脆性指数Ⅱ为55.82,具有良好的脆性;属低孔-低渗储层,发现气测异常26层,异常段累厚32.39 m,最大全烃值3.597 9%,解吸气0.01～5.17 m3/t,总含气量0.03～9.15 m3/t,气含量高值位于在煤层附近,气成分主要为CH4,含量为0～81.93%,含气性较好;发育3层有利含气层段,可作为今后开展非常规油气勘查突破的重点目标。     

六盘山盆地下白垩统马东山组页岩气勘探潜力评价

为了研究六盘山盆地下白垩统马东山组的页岩气勘探潜力,对马东山组的泥页岩样品进行了一系列储层物性、孔隙结构和有机地化的分析试验。研究表明：六盘山盆地马东山组泥页岩有效厚度较大,平均1215m,脆性矿物含量高,在80%以上;在孔隙特征方面,该套泥页岩主要发育微小孔,发育少量微裂缝,孔隙度均值为397%,平均可动流体饱和度为276%;在地化特征方面,该组泥页岩总有机碳含量平均101%,有机质类型以Ⅱ型干酪根为主,镜质体反射率平均094%。综合考虑泥页岩有效厚度、有机质丰度、有机质类型、热演化程度和孔隙特征等因素,六盘山盆地马东山组具备页岩气富集与成藏的条件,并可优选出两个页岩气勘探有利区：分别是海原凹陷东部有利区和固原凹陷中部有利区。经计算,两个勘探有利区的页岩气资源总量约为0364亿m3。     

沁水盆地中东部海陆过渡相页岩微观孔隙结构特征

为探究沁水盆地石炭二叠系海陆过渡相页岩微观孔隙结构特征,运用扫描电镜、低温氮吸附实验和高压压汞实验等手段,分析了海陆过渡相页岩储层的孔隙类型、形态、孔径分布等特征。结果表明:研究区海陆过渡相页岩纳米级孔隙广泛发育,孔隙类型以有机质孔为主,同时亦发育大量的矿物粒间孔和部分粒内孔;孔隙形态以平行板状居多,还包括一定量的狭缝型孔,以及少量墨水瓶型孔和一端封闭的孔隙;页岩孔径分布范围跨度较大,介孔(2~50 nm)是研究区页岩纳米级孔隙的主体,提供的比表面积和孔体积均达到60%以上,微孔对比表面积的贡献同样值得重视。有机质孔以微孔为主,其发育程度对页岩气的吸附存储有重要影响,TOC含量是BET比表面积和BJH孔体积的重要控制因素;黏土矿物提供了大量介孔,其含量对比表面积和孔体积同样具有控制作用。     

禹州地区石炭-二叠系页岩气目标层优选

利用扫描电镜分析、孔渗测试、等温吸附实验、干酪根镜鉴、有机碳含量测试等手段,从层段分布、储集条件及生烃条件等方面对禹州地区石炭-二叠系富有机质泥页岩进行评价。经研究,优选石炭-二叠系页1段、页2段和页3段为页岩气目标层,其中页1段和页3段较页2段易于压裂。     

下扬子区海陆过渡相不同沉积环境页岩气成藏条件对比

以下扬子区二叠系龙潭组富有机质泥页岩为研究对象,通过岩石热解模拟、元素分析测试、物性测试和X-射线衍射等实验,结合前人研究成果,对泥页岩空间展布特征、沉积微相类型、有机地球化学特征、储层特征和含气性特征等页岩气藏评价参数开展对比分析,结果表明:下扬子区龙潭组富有机质泥页岩广泛发育在滨岸平原、障壁-泻湖、三角洲前缘和浅海陆棚等海陆过渡相沉积环境中;泥页岩中有机质丰度较高,总有机碳(TOC)含量平均值为2.43%;干酪根主要为Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型;镜质体反射Ro分布范围是0.55%~2.66%,多数有机质处于中—高热成熟阶段;生烃潜力(S1+S2)平均值为2.96 mg/g,具备较大的页岩气生成潜能;研究区泥页岩物性较差,属于特低孔特低渗储层,但石英、长石、方解石等脆性矿物含量丰富,脆性指数(Ⅰ,Ⅱ)较高,有利于页岩气储层的压裂开发;保守估算下扬子区龙潭组吸附气量为0.34~0.96 m3/t,且物性封闭和烃浓度封闭作用进一步增强了页岩气的储存能力。对比不同沉积环境下页岩气成藏条件参数,综合研究认为下扬子地区障壁-泻湖相具备更为优势的页岩气成藏环境。     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent material industry

<正>Rare earth luminescent material is one of the most important application sectors of rare earths.China enjoys the exceptional advantage to develop rare earth luminescent material for its abundant rare earth resources.After several decades'endeavor,China's rare earth luminescent material industry,headed by rare earth phosphor for lamp and LED and high efficient rare earth energy-saving light source,has been gradually developed into a scale industry.China has become a major production base of rare earth phosphor for lamps and rare earth     

China rare earth market review

正June 1~10,2014Rare earth market remained weak.Quoted price of rare earth products was similar to that in May.There was no sign of recovery in downstream market.The market of NdFeB magnetic materials and phosphor was depressed.Catalyst,polishing powder and ceramic industries remained inactive.Demand from downstream industry was soft.Consumers purchased on their needs.Suppliers had strong intention to sell.Prices of rare earth products     

Annual Report analysis of Chinese rare earth-related listed companies in 2013

<正>Chinese rare earth-related listed companies have published their 2013 annual reports.It can be understood from their reports that production and operation activities of Chinese rare earth-related companies were still heavily affected by macro economy and industrial policies.They basically followed the steps of national economy.In 2013,world economy recovered slowly but the economy     

Market opportunities and challenges for rare earth polishing powder

正1.Status of rare earth polishing powder Rare earth polishing powder with high content of cerium oxide began to replace iron oxide for glass polishing and became one of the key materials in glass polishing process since 1940.Compared with traditional iron oxide,rare earth polishing powder has many advantages,such as fast polishing rate,high polishing quality and long service life.It can achieve good surface quality and improve operation conditions.For example,in lens polishing,the polishing work that cerium     

Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths developed a new RE alloy preparation technology

正Pyrometallurgy Laboratory of Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths had independently developed a new preparation technology of rare earth alloy for NdFeB.The alloy can remarkably enhance the coercivity of NdFeB magnet but also evidently reduce the production cost of the magnet.The new master alloy was prepared in the kA pilot-scale electrolytic cell by the independent technology.The rare earth master alloy can be used as the raw material for NdFeB.Compared     

China rare earth market review

正November 21~30,2014Due to weak demand from downstream industries,transactions of rare earth in Chinese domestic market were inactive.It was difficult to sell any rare earth products except for dysprosium oxide and terbium oxide.Suppliers lost confidence in recent market.Demand for rare earth products was soft.Consumers continued to take a wait-and-see attitude.Rare earth export market remained slow.     

Galaxy Magnets achieved the net profit of 34.02 million yuan in the first six months of 2014

正Galaxy Magnet announced its financial results for the first half of 2014 on August 14.For the first six months ended on 30 June 2014,Galaxy Magnet achieved operation income of RMB 182.3 million,up8.40% over the same period of 2013,and the net profit attributable to the shareholders of the listed company of 34.02 million yuan,increasing 35.49% over the same period of last year.Stable performance increase was led by development of new customers and application market of magnets.     

Rare Earth Application in Steel in China

<正>China has rich rare earth resources.Output of rare earth and steel in China ranks the top first in the world.However,there is still certain distance between the steel produced in China and developed countries from the point of varieties and quality.China still has to import some types of steel.Improving the quality should be emphasiZed in future development of steel industry in China.Rare earth can be used to upgrade traditional steel     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent materialindustry(continued)

<正>Developing ecological lighting source The world is facing the big problem of energy shortage today and the contradiction between economy development and environmental protection is worsened.Therefore,people are more likely to choose an ecological light source that is more energy efficient and environmental friendly.The choice provides great opportunity for the development of rare earth optical material industry in China.The concept of green lighting positions rare earth luminescent material as a leading player in illumination market.The light source of both rare earth luminescent lamp and LED lamp is ecological and energy saving.This is why     

稀散金属产业的观察与思考

分析了近年来国内外稀散金属产业的生产、应用、资源与市场状况.铟锡氧化物靶材、砷化镓晶片、锗红外材料、铼高温合金和硒在电解锰及玻璃的应用等已成为稀散金属的主要应用领域.稀散金属的产量快速增长达到历史高位而导致了市场的失衡.以GaInP_2/GaAs/Ge,CIGS和CdTe为代表的非硅系太阳能电池是稀散金属的新兴应用领域,将给稀散金属带来日益增长的需求.