HM-828及其复配增塑PVC的拉伸性能和微观结构

研究乙酰环氧化植物油酸甘油酯(HM-828)和环氧大豆油(HM-107)及其复配增塑对PVC的拉伸性能、塑化效果、微观形态结构和析出性能的影响。HM-107增塑PVC效果不佳,断裂较平整,存放90天后增塑剂严重析出。HM-828增塑PVC时混炼5min时不能充分塑化,15min可获得良好的塑化效果,断裂伸长率从250. 9%提高到279. 9%,断面粗糙呈鱼鳞状,出现韧性断裂特征; HM-828增塑配方中添加0. 5%的ACR可产生协同效应,在充分塑化条件下可获得更均匀的微观结构,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率进一步提高。HM-828对PVC的增塑和增韧的效果均优于HM-107,断裂伸长率相对较高,长时间存放无析出。     

塑化温度和成型温度对增塑PVC及PVC／PNBR弹性体力学性能的影响

当塑化温度分别为135℃和150℃时,通过测定不同成型温度下（145、150、155、160℃）压片制得的增塑PVC和PVC／PNBR共混物的断裂伸长率、拉伸强度、硬度和拉伸永久变形,研究了塑化温度和成型温度对试样力学性能的影响。结果表明：①150℃塑化温度下,物料塑化得更完全,PVC分子链间的作用力增强,试样的拉伸强度、拉伸永久变形、硬度增大;②在成型温度为145-155℃范围内,试样的断裂伸长率、拉伸强度随成型温度的提高都显著增大;③与塑化温度相比,成型温度对试样力学性能的影响更大。     

PVC膜专用料力学性能影响因素的探究

采用转矩流变仪、扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热仪和傅立叶变换红外光谱仪研究了聚氯乙烯(PVC)在不同加工温度和转速下的流变性能、塑化行为和结晶性能,探究了塑化效果、微纳层叠器数量对PVC力学性能的影响和PVC专用料吹塑成膜后的力学性能。结果表明,随着加工温度升高、转速增加,塑化时间缩短、凝胶化度增加,塑化行为进行越充分,而平衡扭矩随着加工温度升高而减小,随转速提高而增大;PVC结晶度随加工温度提高而增大,随转速增加而下降。在加工温度为185℃下,随着转速的提高,试样的断裂伸长率不断增大,而纵向、横向拉伸强度先增大后减小,且在转速为40 r/min时均达到最大值,分别为24.8 MPa和23.3 MPa,;在转速为40 r/min下,随着加工温度的提高,试样的断裂伸长率不断增大,而纵向、横向拉伸强度均先增大后减小,且在加工温度为185℃时均达到最大值,分别为24.6 MPa和22.6 MPa。PVC片材的密度和纵向拉伸强度与微纳层叠器数量成正比;与未加微纳层叠器相比,经过6节微纳层叠器后吹塑成膜的轴向拉伸强度提高13.5%,轴向断裂伸长率提高12.4%,轴向直角撕裂强度相应提高34.7%。     

TCEP在PVC绝缘料中的应用研究

研究了磷酸三(β-氯乙基)酯(TCEP)对聚氯乙烯(PVC)绝缘料极限氧指数(LOI)、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、体积电阻率、200℃稳定时间等性能的影响。研究结果表明:在PVC绝缘料中加入TCEP后,绝缘料的极限氧指数提高;拉伸强度变化不明显,断裂伸长率显著提高;体积电阻率与200℃稳定时间降低。     

分子量对PVC力学性能的影响

采用凝胶色谱法(GPC)对5种不同型号的PVC树脂粉进行了分子量测试。利用HAAKE转矩流变仪研究了分子量大小对PVC树脂粉塑化性能的影响,发现随着分子量的增加,塑化时间、平衡转矩、最大转矩增加,树脂粉加工性能变差;同时利用开炼机,以对苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOTP)作为增塑剂,研究了PVC分子量大小、增塑剂含量对PVC农用薄膜力学性能的影响,发现随着PVC分子量的增加,PVC农用薄膜的拉伸强度升高,断裂伸长率增加,直角撕裂强度下降;随着增塑剂含量的增加,PVC农用薄膜的拉伸强度、直角撕裂强度下降,断裂伸长率增加。     

环氧油酸多元醇酯的制备与塑化PVC性能研究

使用季戊四醇和油酸通过酯化反应和环氧化反应制备了环保增塑剂环氧油酸多元醇酯。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪和核磁共振仪对制备的产品进行了表征。结果显示得到了预期增塑剂产品。将其作为主增塑剂与聚氯乙烯热塑共混,研究了塑化聚氯乙烯的最低共混扭矩、热性能、力学性能,对该增塑剂在不同介质中的耐迁移性进行了研究,并与邻苯类增塑剂和环氧大豆油的塑化性能进行了对比。研究发现,作为主增塑剂,环氧油酸多元醇酯增塑的聚氯乙烯(PVC)共混体系的热降解温度达到了281.5℃,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别为22.12 MPa和332.12%,在蒸馏水、乙酸溶液、乙醇溶液、石油醚和橄榄油中的迁移量明显低于邻苯二甲酸酯和环氧大豆油增塑的PVC共混体系。     

环境友好型增塑剂对软质PVC光稳定性能的影响

主要研究了六种增塑剂在软质聚氯乙烯(PVC)中的应用效果,及含增塑剂的软质PVC在紫外光老化前后的性能变化。含环己烷二酸酯类增塑剂(Hexamoll dinch)的增塑PVC在添加紫外线吸收剂UV326后表现出优异的耐紫外光能力,老化1000 h后色差值最小,仅为2.29。含聚酯类高分子增塑剂的PVC样品具有最高的拉伸强度(18.3 MPa)和撕裂强度(64.1 k N/m)。含癸二酸二辛酯(DOS)的增塑PVC样品的拉伸强度(12.7 MPa)和撕裂强度(46.3 k N/m)最低,但断裂伸长率最高(393%)。含邻苯二甲酸二(2-丙基庚)酯(DPHP)、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)和邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(DINP)的三种增塑PVC样品的力学性能差别不大。在添加UV326后,环保型增塑剂DPHP增塑的PVC样品的耐紫外光性能增强。     

环保增塑剂环氧腰果酚乙酸酯增塑PVC研究

首先,以腰果酚(cardanol)与乙酸酐为原料,对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,在无溶剂常温条件下合成了腰果酚乙酸酯(CA)。然后,以甲酸为催化剂双氧水为氧源合成环氧腰果酚乙酸酯(ECA)。考察了合成ECA的用量对聚氯乙烯(PVC)的热失重曲线、邵氏硬度、玻璃化转变温度、拉伸强度与断裂伸长率的影响。结果表明,随着增塑剂用量从20份增加到90份,PVC的热稳定性和断裂伸长率逐渐增加,拉伸强度、邵氏硬度以及玻璃化温度逐渐降低;与未加入增塑剂的PVC树脂及邻苯二甲酸二辛酯增塑的PVC树脂相比,所合成的ECA具有良好的增塑效果。     

新型氢化二聚酸乙二醇醚酯的合成及其增塑PVC性能

以氢化二聚酸和乙二醇醚(乙二醇甲醚、二乙二醇甲醚、三乙二醇甲醚、四乙二醇甲醚)为原料，通过直接酯化法，制备出具有不同乙氧基官能团数目的新型氢化二聚酸乙二醇醚酯(HDA-2n,n=1, 2, 3, 4)增塑剂。利用¹H NMR、¹³C NMR和FTIR确定产物结构，并对HDA-2n增塑后聚氯乙烯(PVC)制品的微观形貌、力学、热稳定、耐迁移、耐挥发等性能进行表征分析。结果表明，HDA-2n的增塑性能随着乙氧基官能团数目的增加而提高；与邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)增塑后的PVC制品相比，含有乙氧基官能团数目最多的氢化二聚酸(四乙二醇甲醚)酯(HDA-8)增塑PVC后制品的断裂伸长率提高125%，拉伸强度提高11.29MPa，在正己烷中的迁移性降低了14.25%,70℃下的挥发性降低了5.29%，初始热分解温度(T5%)提高了27.2℃。     

新型超支化聚酯对PVC力学及流变性能影响的研究

研究了BOLTORNTM型超支化聚酯对硬质聚氯乙烯(PVC)力学及流变性能的影响,并初步与传统加工助剂ACR进行了比较。结果表明,在100份的PVC中加入10份的超支化聚酯BOLTORNTMH40,材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别达到最大值39.58MPa和30.25%,拉伸强度比加入相同量的BOLTORNTMH20、H30要分别高4.2%、27.93%,而断裂伸长率则分别高400.1%、97.1%;在100份PVC中加入8份的超支化聚酯BOLTORNTMH20,材料的冲击强度达到最大值20.53kJ/m2;BOLTORNTM超支化聚酯与传统的加工助剂ACR相比,超支化聚酯对PVC有着更好的流变与塑化效果;另外,超支化聚酯可以降低PVC的黏度,随着超支化聚酯用量的增加,PVC黏度降低幅度增加。     

汽车用PVC塑溶胶及PVC塑溶胶用增黏剂发展趋势

介绍了国内汽车用PVC塑溶胶及PVC塑溶胶用增黏剂的现状、组成及主要技术指标,并阐述了其发展趋势,如开发低温固化型PVC塑溶胶、低密度型PVC塑溶胶、湿碰湿型PVC塑溶胶、低温解封型聚氨酯增黏剂等。     

Note: The Use of Triallyl Cyanurate in Bonding PVC Plastisols to Steel

The use of diallyl phthalate as the basis for a non-extractable plasticizer for poly(vinylchloride) (PVC) is well-known. Used in conjunction with a primary plasticizer and a polymerization initiator, a plastisol coating for steel can be formulated which is oil or grease tolerant and can also be used for bonding some structural steel parts if the area is relatively large compared with the load to be applied. Defrayne and Twiss¹ describe the bonding of automobile hood assemblies by vinyl plastisol adhesives and Schneberger² emphasizes their use in the automobile industry though neither article gives the formulations employed. Commercial formulations giving pull-off strengths of the order of 1 to 4 MN. m^-2 always incorporate a proportion of a phenolformaldehyde resin or even an epoxy, but sound-deadening and other coatings of steel do not necessarily need this reinforcement. Phillips and Longworth³ particularly studied the use of diallylphthalate (DAP) as a polymerizable plasticizer and the consequent improvement in adhesion to mild steel. Sherlock⁴ used a simple formulation without additives when investigating the effect of surface cleaning and conversion coatings (oxides and phosphates). It was suggested that, as outlined below, improved adhesion would be expected if a small proportion of triallyl cyanurate (TAC) were added to the polymerizable plasticizer. This paper shows this expectation to be achieved although the proportion of the more expensive TAC needed for substantial increase in bond strength is greater than was hoped.     

Dielectric and electromechanical studies of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) fabricated from plastisol

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastisol is used in many industrial applications and is considered an electrically inactive material. To explore the potential of plastisol as an electroactive material, the dielectric properties, space charge distribution, mechanical properties, internal structure and electromechanical behavior of plasticized PVC (PVC gel) prepared from plastisol by heating were investigated. The gel exhibited a large dielectric constant at low frequencies (1–1000 Hz), an asymmetric charge distribution and excellent mechanical properties. Various DC electric fields were applied to the gel placed parallel between two electrodes and the electrostatic adhesive force to the anode was measured. The results of small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering suggested that the electromechanical properties of the gel originated from the characteristics of the physical crosslinking distance (ca 20 nm) of PVC in the gel structure. Considering the dielectric properties, space charge density and adhesion force to the anode, PVC gels prepared from plastisol using the heating method have potential for use as electroactive materials. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

纳米CaCO3/PVC增塑糊体系触变性能研究

研究了纳米CaCO3/PVC增塑糊体系的触变性能,并在分析纳米CaCO3/PVC增塑糊体系中作用力、增塑糊中物CaCO3粒子分布状态的基础上建立了纳米CaCO3/PVC增塑糊体系的微观结构模型,依据该模型提出了纳米物CaCO3/PVC增塑糊体系的触变性行为机理。结果表明,从触变性能出发,纳米CaCO3的填充量存在一个最佳范围;随着剪切力的增大,CaCO3粒子间拟网络结构的平衡状态逐渐被破坏,体系的微观结构形态发生变化,粒子间的距离被拉开,颗粒间的作用力由排斥转变为吸引。在外部剪切力消除后,布朗运动和团聚体颗粒间的吸引力使得体系又恢复到静止状态的拟网络结构,但恢复过程需要一定时间,从而使体系体现出触变性行为。     

无卤塑溶胶的开发及应用

采用无卤型丙烯酸树脂和环保型增塑剂及分散剂制备低温速固化的无卤塑溶胶。考查了增塑剂和分散剂用量对塑溶胶黏度、固化物强度的影响,不同固化温度和时间对强度的影响。结果表明,增塑剂含量越多,体系的黏度越小,固化物越软。适量的分散剂可以降低塑溶胶体系的黏度而不影响固化物强度。硅烷偶联剂的使用可以提高塑溶胶对基材的附着力。     

Preparation and characterization of flexible poly(vinyl chloride) foam films

In this study, the effect of activator ZnO and heating time at 190°C on foaming, gelation, and dehydrochlorination of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastisol was investigated. For this purpose, a PVC plastisol was prepared by mixing PVC, dioctyl phthalate (DOP), azodicarbonamide (ADC), ZnO, and the heat stabilizers calcium stearate (CaSt₂) and zinc stearate(ZnSt₂). PVC plastisol films were heated for 3, 6, 12, and 24 min periods at 190°C to see the effect of heating time on the gelation and foaming processes of the PVC foam. The time of 12 min was determined to be optimum for the completion of gelation and foaming processes without thermal degradation of PVC. No foaming was observed under the same conditions for the samples without ZnO. ZnO had a significant catalytic effect on ADC decomposition, accelerating the foaming of the films. Average porosity measurement showed a consistent increase in porosity with heating time up to 76% and the average density decreased from 1.17 to 0.29 g/cm³ on foaming. Tensile tests showed that the tensile strength and tensile strain both increased considerably up to 0.98 MPa and 207%, respectively, with heating time and the elastic modulus was seen to gradually decrease from 4.7 to 0.7 MPa with heating time. Films without ZnO had higher tensile strength since there were no pores. PVC thermomat tests showed that ZnO lowered the stability time of plastigel film with azodicarbonamide. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Influences of contents and molecular weights of LDPE on DOP plasticization of PVC

Influences of contents and molecular weights of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) on dioctyl phthalate (DOP) plasticization in the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastisol (PVC/DOP/AO = 100/30/6.5) were investigated using DMA and DSC. The plasticization effects of DOP on the PVC plastisol were found to decrease with increasing LDPE content. A negligible plasticization effect of DOP on the PVC plastisol was found when the LDPE content was equal to or higher than 75 parts per 100 parts by weight of LDPE and PVC together. Based on thermal fractionation experiments, a favorable interaction between LDPE and DOP was developed during melt blending of LDPE and the PVC plastisol. The present interaction enabled the incorporation of DOP into LDPE and decreased the plasticization effects of DOP on the PVC plastisol. A further decrease in the plasticization effects of DOP on the PVC plastisol by the presence of LDPE was found with increasing LDPE molecular weights. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2548–2555, 2002     

Feasibility study of water as thinner for polyvinyl chloride plastisol

In the traditional formula of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gloves, the diluent of PVC plastisol is usually organic solvent, which causes serious environmental pollution during the molding process. The aim of this study was to develop a low viscosity PVC plastisol emulsion (PDE) using water as a thinner by blending PVC emulsion (PVCE) with diisononyl phthalate (DINP) emulsion. DINP emulsion (DINPE) was prepared by a compound emulsifier of polyoxyethylene octyl phenol ether-10 and sorbitan monooleate. The effects of compound emulsifier concentration on the stability and microstructure of DINPE were investigated. The results showed that the optimal compound emulsifier concentration of DINPE was 10 wt%. In addition, the PDE obtained by blending exhibited a relatively uniform unimodal droplet size distribution. The steady state data revealed that the emulsions were shear-thinning pseudoplastic liquid. The effect of solid content and temperature on the apparent viscosity of PDE were also evaluated. The mechanical spectra obtained suggested the presence of weak gel structure in the PDE. The mechanical test results showed that the tensile strength and elongation at break of PVC film obtained by PDE were 12.62 MPa and 310.31%, respectively. This study demonstrated that water was effective in reducing the viscosity of PVC plastisol, which would promote the application of water thinner in glove production.     

Functional acrylic monomers as modifiers for PVC plastisol formulations

Functional acrylic monomers are used as coagents with polyvinyl chloride plastisols to improve abrasion resistance, tensile strength, chemical resistance, permanent set, hardness, and adhesion. The emphasis of this paper is on the enhancement of physical properties which can be achieved through addition of a variety of different functional acrylic monomers (mono-, di-, and tri-functional) to a PVC plastisol formulation. Collected test data will be given to show the effect these monomers have on the plastisol's physical properties.     

浅谈PVC溶胶与合成纤维的粘接

介绍了一种用于PVC溶胶的直接粘接剂－Vulcabond，其可以改进PVC塑料溶胶与聚酯、尼龙和其它合成纤维产品的粘接性，并详细介绍了它的使用方法和影响粘接的各种因素。