Bi4B2O9晶体及其熔体结构的高温原位拉曼光谱研究

利用密度泛函理论计算了Bi₄B₂O₉晶体的常温拉曼光谱, 并通过与实验拉曼光谱对比, 对其振动模式进行了归属. 利用高温原位拉曼光谱研究了Bi₄B₂O₉从常温到750 ℃升温过程中微结构的变化. 随着温度的升高, 晶体的平均键长变长, 键角分布变宽, 熔化后晶体中的BiO₄和BiO₅多面体解体, BO₃构型则保持三配位不变. 运用量子化学从头算法模拟了Bi₄B₂O₉的熔体结构并与实验拉曼光谱进行了对比分析, 发现在Bi₄B₂O₉熔体中B原子团簇为孤立的BO₃构型, Bi ³⁺游离于BO₃之间, 并结合未参与形成BO₃的O原子起到平衡电荷的作用.     

糠醛渣对气化煤灰熔融特性影响的研究

本研究选择一种典型糠醛渣和两种硅铝比(Si/Al)不同的气化煤,考察配入糠醛渣对两种气化煤灰熔融温度的影响,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了不同温度下灰渣的矿物质变化规律,采用热力学计算软件FactSage计算了平衡状态下的物相变化。研究结果表明,随着糠醛渣配比的增加,两种气化煤灰的熔融温度均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,其中,高硅铝比的气化煤灰增加趋势更显著。配入糠醛渣后气化灰渣难熔相由钙长石(CaAl₂Si₂O₈)变为白榴石(KAlSi₂O₆),白榴石(KAlSi₂O₆)在1300℃仍以固相形式存在,导致灰熔融温度升高。硅铝比高的气化煤灰的SiO₂相对含量高,其与糠醛渣中的K₂O反应生成更多高熔点的白榴石(KAlSi₂O₆),导致其熔融温度升高趋势更显著。随着糠醛渣配比的继续增加,共气化灰渣中K₂O含量增加,灰渣中形成低熔点的钾...     

范德华复合物Kr-C2H2的势能面和振转光谱的理论研究

采用[CCSD（T）]-F12方法和aug-cc-pVTZ基组,同时引入中心键函数（3s3p2d1f1g）构建了Kr-C₂H₂体系的高精度四维势能面.在构建势能面时考虑了分子间的振动方式及C₂H₂单体内的ν₁对称伸缩和ν₃反对称伸缩振动.将计算得到的四维势能面在Q₁方向和Q₃方向分别做积分得到C₂H₂单体分别处于振动基态和（ν₁,ν₃）=（1,1）激发态的平均势能面.计算结果表明,这2个平均势能面均存在2个等价的T型全局极小值和2个等价线性极小值.全局极小值的几何构型位于R=0.41 nm,θ=65.6°/114.4°,势阱深度为151.88 cm^-1.对径向部分采用离散变量表象法（DVR）,角度部分采用有限基组表象法（FBR）,并结合Lanczos循环算法计算了Kr-C₂H₂的振转能级和束缚态.计算结果表明,复合物在（ν₁,ν₃）=（1,1）区域的带心位移为-1.48 cm^-1,表现为红移,与实验值-1.38 cm^-1很接近;计算得到的红外跃迁频率也与实验值相吻合,说明得到的从头算势能面具有高精度.     

酸性溶液中SO2选择性还原分解钨过氧配合物——钨中微量钼的除去

用SO₂还原4:2钨过氧配合物[H₄W₄O₁₂(O₂)₂]已被作为在室温和低酸度条件下生产钨酸的一种新方法--络合均相沉淀法^[1,2].有意义的是,这一方法还能用SO₂对钨、钼过氧配合物的选择性分解,同时除去钨中的微量钼.本文研究了不同游离酸度和不同反应温度条件下选择性分解时的除钼效果,并初步给予理论上的解释.     

Al2O3-SiO2-CaO-FeO四元体系煤灰结构及流动性关系的实验和理论研究

将分子动力学、热力学计算与实验结合研究了Al₂O₃-SiO₂-CaO-FeO四元体系灰渣黏度变化机理。在Al₂O₃-SiO₂-CaO-FeO四元体系中,钙铁质量比（简称钙铁比,下同）增加,黏度下降,黏温曲线类型由结晶渣转变为玻璃渣,钙铁比为2时为黏温特性转变的拐点。钙铁比小于2时,体系中的矿物质主要是结晶矿物质,体系中降温过程中生成晶体矿物较多,当钙铁比大于2时,体系以无定形矿物质为主;从微观角度分析,钙铁比增加导致体系中Al由六配位（[AlO₆]^9-）转变为四配位（[AlO₄]^5-）,钙铁两种原子对体系中六配位铝的影响存在竞争作用。体系中的桥氧含量降低,体系的聚合程度降低,稳定性降低。通过四元体系的氧键为桥梁,建立了碱性组分含量与黏度的函数关系。     

Li2O-CaO-Gd2O3-SiO2:Eu,Bi体系的结构和发光性能之间的关系

用X射线粉末衍射法研究了Li₂O-CaO-Gd₂O₃-SiO₂:Eu,Bi发光体系的物相组成随Gd₂O₃含量的变化,探讨了不同硅酸盐物种和结构对Eu³⁺和Bi³⁺发光特性的影响。结果表明,无Gd₂O₃组分时发光体是β-CaSiO₄多晶体,当Gd₂O₃/SiO₂比超过2.5%时,Ca₂Gd₈(SiO₄)₆O₂和LiGd₉(SiO₄)₆O₂物相逐渐增加,当其成为主要物相时,EU³⁺发光呈数倍增强,这2种含钆物相的结构既利于EU³⁺的红光发射又利于敏化剂向激活剂传输能量,所形成的固熔体是优良的发光基质材料。     

4-(4-羧基苯氧基)间苯二甲酸构筑的过渡金属配位聚合物: 合成、 晶体结构、 荧光传感与光催化

采用水热法合成了4个配位聚合物[Zn(Hcpoia)(2,2'-bpy)·H₂O]_n(1)和[M(Hcpoia)(phen)]_n·nH₂O[M=Zn(2), Mn(3), Co(4); H₃cpoia=4-(4-羧基苯氧基)间苯二甲酸; 2,2'-bpy=2,2'-联吡啶; phen=1,10-邻菲罗啉], 利用X射线单晶衍射分析确定了配合物的晶体结构. 配合物1为一维链状结构, 中心Zn ²⁺离子的配位环境为[ZnO₄N₂]扭曲的八面体构型, 配体Hcpoia ^2-以μ₁∶η ¹η ⁰和μ₁∶η ¹η ¹配位模式桥连相邻的Zn ²⁺离子. 配合物2和4的结构与配合物1类似, 是由配体Hcpoia ^2-以μ₁∶η ¹η ⁰和μ₁∶η ¹η ¹配位模式联接[MO₄N₂]结构单元而形成的一维链状结构. 配合物1, 2和4中均存在分子间氢键(O—H…O), 氢键的存在使一维链连接形成二维超分子结构. 配合物3为二维网状结构, Mn ²⁺离子的配位环境为[MnO₄N₂]扭曲的八面体构型, 配体Hcpoia ^2-以μ₂∶η ¹η ¹配位模式桥连相邻Mn ²⁺离子形成[Mn₂COO₂]结构单元, 该结构单元被Hcpoia ^2-连接形成二维结构. 在4个配合物中, 2,2'-bpy和phen配体均以端基的形式与金属离子螯合配位. 研究了水溶液中抗生素分子和Fe ³⁺离子对配合物1与荧光强度的影响, 实验结果表明, 甲硝唑、 Fe ³⁺离子对配合物1有荧光猝灭作用, 并进一步考察了甲硝唑浓度和Fe ³⁺离子浓度对配合物1荧光强度的影响. 基于荧光猝灭机理, 配合物1可以用作荧光传感器检测水溶液中的甲硝唑和Fe ³⁺离子. 研究了配合物4对罗丹明B(RhB)的催化降解性能, 发现在氙灯照射和H₂O₂存在条件下, 配合物4对RhB具有较好的光催化降解作用.     

Na2MoO4·2H2O晶体及其熔体结构的温致拉曼光谱

利用原位高温拉曼光谱技术对Na_2MoO_4·2H_2O(NMHO)晶体的脱水、相变以及熔融过程中微结构变化和分子振动特性进行了研究。结果显示在363 K,正交NMHO晶体脱水形成对称性更高的立方α-NMO(Na_2MoO_4)晶体;随着温度升高至熔点,α-NMO晶体经历了如下相变:α→β→γ→δ,分析了相变过程中温度对孤立的[MoO_4]_(2-)中Mo-O键的对称伸缩振动波数的作用,进而获得其平均键长以及对称性的变化过程;结合密度泛函理论对已知晶型的NMHO,α-NMO及γ-NMO晶体进行了拉曼光谱的计算模拟,并对其振动模式进行了归属;采用量子化学从头计算方法研究了NMO熔体中[MoO_4]~(2-)的团簇类型。     

关于立方晶体Mg2NiH4结构中复合体[NiH4]的几何构型

用相对论密度泛函法研究了立方晶体Mg₂NiH₄结构中复合体[NiH₄]的几何构型.晶体的环境用一个“切断”(Cut－off)的Madelung势来模拟.计算中分别假设了一个平面四边形NiH和一个四面体NiH的构型.对于平面四边形构型,计算的Ni-H键长及力常数与实验值相符;但对四面体计算的键长太短而力常数太大.研究结果表明;立方Mg₂NiH₄结构中对复合体[NiH₄]的选择是平面四边形构型,而不是四面体.     

Nb2O5在t-ZrO2表面的分散状态与Brønsted 酸特征

以草酸铌为前驱物,四方相氧化锆（t-ZrO₂）为载体,通过浸渍法制备不同负载量的Nb₂O₅/t-ZrO₂催化剂.采用粉末X射线衍射（XRD）、激光拉曼光谱（LRS）、紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）等技术对t-ZrO₂表面Nb₂O₃分散状态进行表征;采用异丁烯（IB）与异丁醛（IBA）缩合生成2,5-二甲基-2,4-己二烯（DMHD）反应评价不同负载量的Nb₂O₅/t-ZrO₂的催化性能,采用吡啶吸附红外（Py-IR）光谱表征催化剂Bronsted酸中心特征.结果表明,由XRD定量相分析方法测定的Nb₂O₅在t-ZrO₂表面单层分散容量与"嵌入模型"预测值接近.Nb₂O₅/t-ZrO₂表面Bronsted酸中心特征与Nb₂O₅聚集状态密切相关.     

The dehydroxylation of basic aluminum sulfate: An infrared emission spectroscopic study

The tridecameric aluminum polymer [AlO₄Al₁₂(OH)₂₄(H₂O)₁₂]⁷⁺ was prepared by forced hydrolysis of Al³⁺ up to an OH/Al molar ratio of 2.2. Upon addition of sulfate, the tridecamer crystallized as the monoclinic basic aluminum sulfate Na_0.1[AlO₄Al₁₂(OH)₂₄(H₂O)₁₂](SO₄)_3.55. The dehydroxylation of the basic aluminum sulfate has been studied by Fourier transform in-situ infrared emission spectroscopy over a temperature range of 200° to 750°C at 50°C intervals. The spectrum is characterized by the sulfate ν₁ (1024 cm⁻¹), ν₃ doublet (1117 and 1168 cm⁻¹) and the ν₄ doublet (568 and 611 cm⁻¹) modes. Furthermore, minor bands assigned to nitrate are observed. Upon heating from ≈350° to 400°C major changes are observed, especially in the bandwidth and band intensities. The bands in the hydroxyl stretching region due to the Al₁₃ group disappear, whereas the bands around 1050 cm⁻¹ display various changes in bandwidths, intensities and positions associated with the dehydration and dehydroxylation of the basic sulfate and the changing of the structure into an aluminum oxosulfate. The nitrate bands diminish upon heating.     

Syntheses and structural determination of nine-coordinate K3[Nd(nta)2(H2O)]·6H2O and K3[Er(nta)2(H2O)]·5H2O

The syntheses and structural determination of Nd^III and Er^III complexes with nitrilotriacetic acid (nta) were reported in this paper. Their crystal and molecular structures and compositions were determined by single-crystal X-ray structure analyses and elemental analyses, respectively. The crystal of K₃[Nd^III(nta)₂(H₂O)]·6H₂O complex belongs to monoclinic crystal system and C2/c space group. The crystal data are as follows: a=1.5490(11) nm, b=1.3028(9) nm, c=2.6237(18) nm, β=96.803(10)°, V=5.257(6) nm³, Z=8, M=763.89, D_c=1.930 g cm⁻³, μ=2.535 mm⁻¹ and F(000)=3048. The final R₁ and wR₁ are 0.0390 and 0.0703 for 4501 (I>2σ(I)) unique reflections, R₂ and wR₂ are 0.0758 and 0.0783 for all 10474 reflections, respectively. The Nd^IIIN₂O₇ part in the [Nd^III(nta)₂(H₂O)]³⁻ complex anion has a pseudo-monocapped square antiprismatic nine-coordinate structure in which the eight coordinate atoms (two N and six O) are from the two nta ligands and a water molecule coordinate to the central Nd^III ion directly. The crystal of the K₃[Er^III(nta)₂(H₂O)]·5H₂O complex also belongs to monoclinic crystal system and C2/c space group. The crystal data are as follows: a=1.5343(5) nm, b=1.2880(4) nm, c=2.6154(8) nm, b=96.033(5)°, V=5.140(3) nm³, Z=8, M=768.89, D_c=1.987 g cm⁻³, μ=3.833 mm⁻¹ and F(000)=3032. The final R₁ and wR₁ are 0.0321 and 0.0671 for 4445 (I>2σ(I)) unique reflections, R₂ and wR₂ are 0.0432 and 0.0699 for all 10207 reflections, respectively. The Er^IIIN₂O₇ part in the [Er^III(nta)₂(H₂O)]³⁻ complex anion has the same structure as Nd^IIIN₂O₇ part in which the eight coordinate atoms (two N and six O) are from the two nta ligands and a water molecule coordinate to the central Nd^III ion directly.     

Oxygen potential and phase equilibria in the Te-Sb2O3-Sb2O4 pseudoternary part of the Sb-Te-O system at elevated temperatures

Employing the electrochemical cells with the solid oxide electrolyte

Kanthal + Re, Te(l), TeO₂(s)O⁻² air, Pt

Pt + Re, Sb₂O₃(s), Sb₂O₄(s)O⁻² air, Pt

Pt + Re, Sb₂O₃(s), Sb₂O₄(s), Te(l)O⁻² air, Pt

the equilibrium oxygen potential in the pseudobinary Te-TeO₂, Sb₂O₃-Sb₂O₄ and in the Sb₂O₃-Sb₂O₄-Te pseudoternary systems was determined in the temperature range 700-1173 K. In addition, the pseudobinary sections Sb₂O₃-Te, Sb₂O₃-Sb₂O₄ (1:1)-Te and Sb₂O₄-Te were examined by DTA in the temperature range 500-1300 K. Using these results the evolution of the pseudoternary system with temperature can be suggested. It was found that, at 718 K, a ternary eutectic with a composition close to pure Te appears in the system. At a higher temperature, 920 K, another liquid phase is formed, which is characteristic of the ternary four-phase equilibrium L₂ + Sb₂O₄(s) + Sb₂O₃(s) = L₁.     

Large heteropolymetalate complexes formed from lanthanide (Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd), nickel cations and cryptate [As4W40O140]: synthesis and structure characterization

A new family of heteropolytungstate complexes (NH₄)₂₁[Ln(H₂O)₅{Ni(H₂O)}₂As₄W₄₀O₁₄₀]·xH₂O(Ln=Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd) were prepared by the reaction of Na₂₇[NaAs₄W₄₀O₁₄₀]·60H₂O with NiCl₂·6H₂O and Ln(NO₃)₃·xH₂O at pH≈4.5. The crystal structures of (NH₄)₂₁[Gd(H₂O)₅{Ni(H₂O)}₂As₄W₄₀O₁₄₀]·51H₂O was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis and element analysis. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/n with a=19.754(3), b=24.298(4), c=39.350(6) Å, β=100.612(3)°, V=18564(5) ų, Z=2, R1(wR₂)=0.0544(0.0691). The central site S1 and two opposite sites S2 of the big cyclic ligand [As₄W₄₀O₁₄₀]²⁸⁻ are occupied by one Ln³⁺and two Ni²⁺, respectively, each site supply four O_d coordinating to metal ion, another one water molecule and other five water molecules coordinate, respectively, to Ni²⁺and Ln³⁺. Polyanion [Ln(H₂O)₅{Ni(H₂O)}₂As₄W₄₀O₁₄₀]²¹⁻ has C_2v symmetry. IR and UV–vis spectra of [NaAs₄W₄₀O₁₄₀]²⁷⁻ of the title compounds are discussed.     

Hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure and characterization of [Zn(H2O)4]2 [H2As6V15O42(H2O)]·2H2O

The compound [Zn(H₂O)₄]₂[H₂As₆V₁₅O₄₂(H₂O)]·2H₂O (1) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ESR, magnetic measurement, third-order nonlinear property study and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The compound 1 crystallizes in trigonal space group R3, a=b=12.0601(17) Å, c=33.970(7) Å, γ=120°, V=4278.8(12) Å³, Z=3 and R1(wR2)=0.0512 (0.1171). The crystal structure is constructed from [H₂As₆V₁₅O₄₂(H₂O)]⁴⁻ anions and [Zn(H₂O)₄]²⁺ cations linked through hydrogen bonds into a network. The [H₂As₆V₁₅O₄₂(H₂O)]⁶⁻ cluster consists of 15 VO₅ square pyramids linked by three As₂O₅ handle-like units.     

柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备的Ce1-xZrxO2: 结构及其氧移动性

采用 XRF、XRD、Raman、XPS、H₂-TPR 以及与氩离子刻蚀相结合的XPS等表征技术对柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备的Ce_1-xZr_xO₂ (0≤x≤1)样品的结构及其氧移动性进行了研究. 结果表明, Ce_1-xZr_xO₂ 样品的晶型结构对其中氧的移动性有明显影响. 当x≤0.15 时, Ce_1-xZr_xO₂ 以立方CeO₂相 Ce-Zr-O 固溶体存在, 随着Zr含量的逐渐增加, CeO₂晶胞体积减小、氧空位浓度增加, 氧移动性逐渐增强; 当x＞0.15时, 形成四方ZrO₂相和立方CeO₂相Ce-Zr-O固溶体的混合物, 随着Zr含量的逐渐增加, 四方ZrO₂相的含量增加、氧空位浓度减小, 氧移动性逐渐减弱. 因此, Ce_0.852Zr_0.152O₂样品具有最高的氧移动性.     

The synthesis, vibrational spectroscopy, and crystal and molecular structure of [H3NCH2CH2NH3][PdBr6]

The complex [H₃NCH₂CH₂NH₃][PdBr₆] has been isolated as well-formed brown crystals. The Raman (single crystal) and FTIR (wax disc) spectra of the complex have been recorded but the band assignments are complicated by extensive factor group splitting and resonance effects. The crystal belongs to space group Pnnm, with Z = 2, each ion occupying sites of 2/m (C_2h) symmetry. The [PdBr₆]²⁻ ion is very close to octahedral, the two unique PdBr distances, 2.466(3) and 2.470(3) Å, being equal within experimental error and the BrPdBr angles being 90 ± 0.8°. The diammonium cation has an extended, planar, trans structure.