一种使用机器学习方法的数字水印算法

针对目前数字水印算法存在的不足,本文将离散小波变换和奇异值分解相结合,提出了一种基于机器学习的图像数字水印算法.首先将载体图像进行一级小波变换,提取其低频子带图像对其进行4×4分块处理,然后对每一分块进行奇异值分解后嵌入水印,并提取特征向量用于最小二乘支持向量机的训练,训练好的最小二乘支持向量机用于自适应最大水印嵌入强度的计算以及水印的盲提取.实验选取三张512×512的标准测试图像以及64×64的二值水印图像对算法的透明性与鲁棒性进行测试.实验结果证明,图像具有很好的透明性,PSNR达到了63.71dB,针对旋转、剪切、JPEG压缩、高斯噪声等常规攻击手段时,算法能保持较强的鲁棒性.     

基于区域性构建支持向量机模型的空域水印算法

为提高基于机器学习的数字水印算法的鲁棒性与不可感知性,根据支持向量机在有限训练样本的情况下具有很好的学习和泛化能力,图像的不同区域邻域像素与中心像素的关系紧密程度不同,文章提出一种基于区域性构建支持向量机模型与Arnold变换相结合的空域水印算法。利用不同区域的邻域像素与中心像素的不同关系紧密程度构建不同区域,从而构建不同的支持向量机模型,并通过水印的Arnold变换预处理实现水印的随机嵌入和提取操作。实验证明,该算法在剪切攻击、椒盐攻击、对比度增强方面相对其他基于机器学习的水印算法有良好的改善,并具有良好的不可感知性。     

基于支持向量机的彩色图像水印算法

提出了一种基于回归型支持向量机(SVR)的盲检测彩色图像水印算法。为了改善可见性,根据人眼视觉特性（HVS）自适应选择其嵌入位置。水印嵌入是通过修改图像中像素蓝色通道信息来实现,水印提取时结合图像局部相关性,选取稳定的特征向量并获取SVR训练模型,进而利用SVR训练模型进行预测提取数字水印信息。在嵌入过程中通过高斯模板来均衡调整嵌入水印后对宿主图像影响的强度,仿真实验证明本文算法不仅具有非常好的透明性,而且对诸如叠加噪声、JPEG压缩、平滑滤波、几何变换、图像增强等攻击也具有很好的鲁棒性。     

一种基于支持向量机的图像数字水印算法

为了使数字水印综合性能更好，根据图像邻域像素之间具有很强的相关性这一特点，提出了一种基于支持向量机的图像水印算法。该算法将支持向量机的思想用于数字水印，并取得了较好的效果。由于支持向量机在有限训练样本的情况下具有很好的学习和泛化能力，因此，可以首先利用回归型支持向量机较好地建立图像邻域像素之间的关系模型，然后，通过调整模型的输出值与中心像素值之间的大小关系来嵌入或提取水印。实验表明，用该技术嵌入水印后的图像不仅具有很好的图像感知质量和较强的鲁棒性，对图像增强、JPEG压缩、噪声、几何剪切等抵抗强，而且安全性好、实用性较强。     

基于广义猫映射与神经网络的图像空域水印算法*

提出了基于广义Arnold变换和神经网络模型的图像空域水印算法。二值水印嵌入位置通过广义猫映射随机产生,训练一个神经网络记忆每个图像块中像素之间的关系,并采用水印嵌入增强处理技术,加强了水印的嵌入强度。实验结果表明,该算法具有较强的鲁棒性,能有效地抵抗剪切攻击、LSB攻击和椒盐噪声攻击等。     

基于神经模糊控制的自适应图像水印算法

提出了基于神经模糊控制网络的新的自适应图像水印算法。该算法首先对原始图像进行小波变换,组织小波块。接着,从子块的视觉掩蔽性和能量强度两个方面,建立和训练神经模糊控制网络,得到每个小波子块嵌入水印的最优强度值。最后,根据神经模糊控制得出的最优嵌入强度,将不同强度的水印嵌入到不同的小波块中。实验结果表明,所提出的算法能抵抗各种常规的图像处理的攻击,具有较好的鲁棒性和透明性。     

基于SVR的嵌入强度自适应的图像水印算法

如何优化水印嵌入强度是数字水印研究中的关键问题，并与水印的鲁棒性和不可感知性密切相关。本文针对图像数据，基于SVR模型提出一种嵌入强度自适应的水印算法。在图像特征方面，本文选取图像的LBP算子和小波变换的低频系数，根据SSIM指标确定合适的水印嵌入强度，生成训练样本数据集并对SVR模型进行训练；在水印嵌入过程中，首先对水印进行加密等预处理，然后对图像子块进行DWT变换，运用训练好的SVR模型确定水印嵌入强度并嵌入水印，同理可根据密钥和SVR模型进行水印的提取。实验结果表明，本文提出的算法在保证图像质量和水印不可见性的前提下，能够对图像进行自适应地水印嵌入和提取，同时对噪声、压缩、剪切等攻击均具有较好的鲁棒性。     

一种基于压缩感知的盲数字水印算法

现有的数字水印算法的研究成果大多在变换域,此类方法嵌入水印相对于空域而言数据量较大,安全性较高,鲁棒性较强,但是其计算复杂且抗攻击和防提取能力仍然有限。因此根据压缩感知CS(Compressive Sensing)的特点,结合人眼视觉系统(HVS)的特性,提出一种性能更高的数字水印算法,利用块不均匀度来选取容量大的子块,采用量化的方法自适应地选择量化步长来嵌入经过置乱处理后的数字水印。经实验验证,该算法保证数字水印具有更好的鲁棒性、隐蔽性和安全性,并且提高了含水印图像的抗攻击和防提取能力,而且提取水印不需要原始图像的参与,大大降低了存储载体数据的成本。     

基于支持向量机的自适应图像水印技术

提出一种基于支持向量机的自适应图像空域水印嵌入算法.由于支持向量机与人眼视觉系统在自学习、泛化和非线性逼近等方面具有极大的相似性,算法利用支持向量机模拟人眼视觉特征,结合图像的局部相关特性,自适应地确定图像的最佳嵌入位置和嵌入强度.首先,利用无导师的模糊聚类分析方法对图像各像素进行初步的聚类,为有导师的支持向量机找到分类规则;然后,从各类别中选出隶属度超过一定阈值的像素作为支持向量机分类的训练样本集,建立支持向量机的分类模型,根据此模型对图像各像素再次分类,从而确定水印的最佳嵌入位置;最后结合图像自身的局部相关性,自适应地调整水印嵌入位置的像素值.该算法在提取水印时不需要原始载体图像.实验结果表明,此算法对多种图像处理均具有很好的稳健性和图像感知质量,其性能优于相关文献上的相近方法.     

小波域中基于支持向量机的鲁棒性数字水印算法

提出一种在小波域中新的基于支持向量机的鲁棒性水印嵌入和检测算法.通过对彩色图像中蓝色分量的小波变换,同时在小波域中计算低频子带的JND(just noticeable distortions)值,水印信号被自适应地嵌入到小波变换后的低频子带系数中.当图像经历各种攻击以后,通过支持向量机的训练,它仍然可以记住添加水印信号的位置同其周围像素之间的相对关系,利用支持向量机强的学习泛化能力,可以有效实现对水印信号的鲁棒性检测.实验结果表明,该方法对多种攻击具有较好的鲁棒性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.