Characteristics of Ferrite Microwave Limiters

Microwave ferrites that exhibit a nonlinear RF absorption as a function of RF power level can be utillzed in the construction of a passive microwave device which will allow small RF signals to be transmitted with very little attenuation but which will attenuate large RF signals considerably. Such a device tends to "limit" the amplitude of the microwave energy passing through the device and is therefore called a ferrite microwave limiter. One application of the ferrite limiter is in the protection of crystal detectors in pulsed radar sets. However, when a rectangular pulse of X-band RF energy is transmitted through the limiter, the output waveform is no longer rectangular but consists of a leading edge spike of 0.1-µsec duration followed by a plateau of highly attenuated RF energy. At the present time the leading edge spike is the major obstacle in the successful use of the ferrite microwave limiter as a TR cell in the protection of crystal detectors. Experimental techniques used to improve the performance of the limiter are presented, and the performance characteristics of an X-band ferrite microwave limiter are shown.     

具有几个光振荡周期长的飞秒脉冲在单模光纤中的传输

发展了飞秒光脉冲在光纤中的传输理论,给出了具有几个光振荡周期长的飞秒脉冲在单模光纤中的传输方程,对方程作了数值解,模拟了具有几个光振荡周期的飞秒脉冲在单模光纤中的非线性传输。     

Dynamic properties of optically switched bistable semiconductorlasers

The dynamic properties of optically switched semiconductor lasers biased from below-to-above threshold are presented theoretically. An analytic expression for the carrier density in the active region of a laser with respect to time is given to discuss the switching-off time. The numerical results show that the switching-on time and the switching-off time are governed by different mechanisms. They are related to the laser parameters for the free-running laser. They also depend on the optical power and the time duration of the input optical pulse and the frequency detuning between the frequency of the free-running laser and that of the input optical pulse. A small frequency detuning is desired to reduce both the switching-on and switching-off times. However, there is an optimal detuning to maximize the energy of the output optical pulse. On the other hand, for fixed detuning and injection power, a larger bias current results in a shorter switching-off time, but a lower bias current results in a shorter switching-on time     

纳秒无衍射贝塞耳光脉冲参量的分析与测定

从理论和实验两方面分析测定了纳秒无衍射贝塞耳光脉冲的相关参量.由广义惠更斯-菲涅耳衍射积分理论出发给出了平行光通过轴棱锥后的光场分布、最大无衍射准直距离、最小中心光斑半径等参量的表达式,并进行相关参量的数值模拟.实验采用平-抗共振环(ARR)腔被动调QNd∶YAG激光器和轴棱锥系统获得了高稳定的纳秒贝塞耳光脉冲,测定了其脉冲宽度、最大无衍射距离、横面光强分布及最小中心亮斑尺寸,实验结果与理论分析相吻合.利用胶片扫描法给出了光脉冲的截面光强分布精细结构,其分辨率远高于普通的光束分析仪.     

全保偏非线性偏振环形镜锁模掺铒光纤激光器

研究了基于非线性偏振环形镜锁模的全保偏光纤激光器锁模机制。在非线性偏振环形镜中,用偏振分束器取代传统的非线性放大环形镜锁模激光器中的光纤耦合器,并辅以非互易性元件和增益光纤,作为全保偏光纤激光器中实现稳定锁模的核心器件。构建了一台基于非线性偏振环形镜的掺铒光纤锁模激光振荡器,实现了重复频率75 MHz,时域脉冲宽度141 fs,总输出功率约30 mW的稳定锁模脉冲序列输出。该激光器具有双向输出,且通过调节腔内波片可调节输出功率。此外,对激光器输出功率和重复频率的稳定性进行了评价,在自由运转情况下,1 h内输出脉冲序列的平均功率波动小于0.05%,重复频率的1 s相对稳定度为2.010-8。该结构的全保偏光纤激光器可开机自启动锁模,且环境稳定性高、重复频率较高、脉冲宽度窄,能满足激光测距、激光加工、激光光谱成像、航天等应用对超短脉冲光源的需求。     

Dye laser studies using zig-zag optical cavity

We report a substantial advance in dye laser performance using a zig-zag optical cavity. This configuration drastically reduces the effects of intrapulse medium disturbances due to acoustics and thermal lensing on pulse duration, beam quality, and extraction efficiency. Laser outputs of up to 2 J were observed from Coumarin-498 dye pumped by a KrF excimer laser. The dye laser output faithfully replicates the hat-top KrF laser pump pulse over the entire 1.7-μs pulse duration. An intrinsic laser photon conversion efficiency (Photons_in/Photons_absorbed) of 44% was measured. When unstable resonator optics were used, beam qualities of about 2 XDL were measured     

10fs以下的飞秒激光脉冲的非线性传输

给出了具有几个光振荡周期长的飞秒激光脉冲在不考虑群速色散的情况下传输方程的解,用数值方法模拟了飞秒激光脉冲的非线性传输,考察了非线性效应对脉冲形状和频谱的影响,得到和慢变振幅近似下不完全一致的结论。     

Frame time-hopping fiber-optic code-division multiple access using generalized optical orthogonal codes

A new spreading technique for intensity modulation direct detection fiber-optic code-division multiple-access (FO-CDMA) communication systems is proposed. This new spreading technique is based on generalized optical orthogonal codes (OOC) with large cardinality and minimal degradation in performance when compared with a more optimum system, namely, an optical CDMA system using OOC with autocorrelation and cross-correlation value bounded by one, i.e., OOC (/spl lambda/=1). To obtain the performance of such systems, we use a communication scheme, namely, frame time-hopping (FTH)-CDMA with random coding. Systems with generalized OOC patterns and random time-hopping coding are close in structure and performance. Furthermore, the performance of such systems is near the performance of optical CDMA with optimum but low cardinality OOC (/spl lambda/=1), which further renders the practicality of the proposed technique with very large cardinality. Two new receiver structures for FO-CDMA, namely, chip-level detector with optimum comparator threshold and correlation receiver with an electrical hard limiter, are also proposed. The performance analysis for a binary pulse position FTH-FO-CDMA network is considered for the correlation receiver, chip-level detector, correlation receiver with an optical hard limiter, optimum receiver, and the two newly proposed receiver structures. The results also show that a chip-level detector with optimum comparator threshold is superior to a chip-level detector for received low signal powers, and predict that the performance of the correlation receiver with an electrical hard limiter is superior to all other considered receiver structures, e.g., requiring one third of transmission power to achieve a desired bit error rate when compared with other receiver structures.     

High-efficiency pulse compression with intracavity Raman amplifiers

High-efficiency pulse compression using intracavity Raman amplifiers has been computed. The energy of a pump laser stored in a lossless cavity is extracted at the Stokes frequency by means of Raman amplification of an input Stokes pulse. Calculations are made for both long and short duration input Stokes pulses for different lossless cavities. As an example, we use a hydrogen-argon mixture as the Raman medium and 1.5 J/cm²energy fluence stored in the lossless cavity at the ruby frequency. By comparing amplified Stokes pulses to a 30 ns pulse duration conventional ruby laser delivering the same energy fluence, pulse shortening factors larger than 20 are computed with quantum conversion efficiencies higher than 80 percent. These values compare favorably to backward Raman amplification. Moreover, this technique is proved to be able to provide a pulse compression rate larger than 14, even for a broad-band laser, which is impossible with backward Raman amplification. This technique could be used with any laser, even with absorbing laser media (excimer lasers) provided pump energy is stored in the lossless cavity by shifting of the laser frequency with any nonlinear process.     

激光脉冲波形对推力器性能的影响

激光推力器性能优化是激光推力器研究的重要组成部分。受硬件条件的限制,激光推进领域激光脉冲时间波形对推力器性能影响的研究并未广泛展开。以两台CO2激光器的实际脉冲波形为基准,建立了两组激光能量输入模型,其波形时间分布相似,单脉冲能量相同,但脉冲持续时间及峰值功率不同。数值计算比较了不同脉冲波形下抛物型激光推力器的性能,结果表明:峰值功率和脉冲持续时间是影响推力器性能的重要参数,高功率短持续时间的脉冲波形更有利于提高冲量耦合系数和推力;两种实际脉冲波形的冲量耦合系数数值计算结果分别为40.9×10-5N.s/J,30.0×10-5N.s/J,与文献报道实验测量结果基本吻合。为激光推进CO2激光器的脉冲波形设计提供支持及研究思路,具有一定参考价值。     

信号光脉冲比抽运光窄12倍的内腔式KTP光参量振荡器

在闪光灯抽运的非稳腔Nd∶YAG被动调Q激光器腔内,放置非临界相位匹配KTP晶体,构成内腔式单谐振KTP光参量振荡器(OPO)。研究了输出信号光的波长调谐性能,获得1.57~1.60μm可调谐激光脉冲。实验结果表明,1.57μm信号光的输出能量随着光参量振荡器腔长的增加而减少,脉冲宽度随着腔长的增加而有所变化;抽运能量较大时,转换效率随着抽运能量的增加趋于饱和然后逐渐下降;对此给予了合理的理论解释。当光参量振荡器的腔长为5 cm,1.06μm抽运光脉冲宽度为30 ns时,输出的1.57μm信号光的脉冲宽度为2.5 ns,能量为21.3 mJ。1.57μm信号光的脉冲宽度仅为1.06μm抽运光脉冲的1/12,总的电光能量转换效率为0.128%。     

Optical PPM CDMA Communication System with Optical Hard Limiter

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迫弹激光引信用脉冲半导体激光电源的设计与应用

设计了适应于迫弹激光近炸引信的小体积、低电压、窄脉宽、高功率的脉冲半导体激光电源.采用电容充放电的模式,选用高速大功率MOSFET管作为开关,设计了相应的高速开关控制电路.激光电源模块的重复频率高达50kHz,常规热电池供电电压条件下的输出脉冲激光峰值功率为9W,光脉冲上升沿为4.2 ns,光脉宽为10 ns,为有效提...     

基于修正素数码的红外PPM码分多址通信系统

分析基于修正素数码的红外脉冲位置调制(PPM)码分多址同步通信系统和引入光硬限幅器的同步通信系统误码性能.考虑多用户干扰、背景光散粒噪声和接收机热噪声情况下,推导有、无光硬限幅器的红外PPMCDMA同步系统误比特率上限。分析结果表明,基于修正素数码的光硬限幅器同步系统的误码性能优于无光硬限幅器系统的误码性能。     

Investigation of the characterstics of a mode-locked Nd:Glass laser with the aid of a picosecond streak camera

An infrared-sensitive streak camera, capable of resolving optical pulses of durations of ∼3 ps, has been used to analyze the temporal development of the individual picosecond pulses in a mode-locked pulse train. A progressive increase in the duration of the individual pulses throughout the pulse train is observed, the rate of increase in the pulse duration being an approximate quadratic function of the optical field. In addition, temporal analysis of the laser output signal, dispersively delayed with the aid of a grating pair, confirms the existence of phase-modulation effects during the development of the mode-locked pulse train.     

Design of a multi-petawatt optical parametric chirped pulseamplifier for the iodine laser ASTERIX IV

A theoretical design is presented for the generation of peak powers up to ~5 PW and focused intensities higher than 10²³ Wcm^-2 with pulse duration ~20 fs using an optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier (OPCPA) pumped by the high-power iodine laser Asterix IV. These values represent an improvement to the existing Asterix laser by a factor of ~1000 and at least LOO 000 for the output peak power and focused intensity, respectively. The OPCPA system consists of two LBO preamplifiers and a KDP power amplifier and is pumped by the laser third-harmonic output (438 nm, 500 ps, 500 J). Numerical simulations show that saturation within the OPCPA can be effectively used to counteract the bandwidth narrowing effects brought about by the temporal variation of the pump pulse intensity. The results demonstrate that the OPCPA represents a powerful technique for the generation of ultrahigh powers with iodine lasers at a level currently not achievable with any other approach, and proves that the iodine system is particularly suitable as an OPCPA pump source     

激光脉宽对光学薄膜元件热损伤的影响

纳秒量级及以下脉宽激光致光学薄膜元件的损伤研究持续了几十年,但纳秒量级以上脉宽却很少提及。因此,针对10 ns~1 ms量级区间不同脉宽激光辐照光学薄膜元件产生的热损伤进行了研究,计算了高反膜、增透膜和干涉滤光片三种典型光学薄膜元件的温度场分布,并分析了其激光热损伤特性。结果表明,对于长脉宽激光,热扩散深度大,薄膜损伤的电场效应被削弱,热传导效应在损伤中占据主导地位,损伤可至基底;短脉宽激光损伤对薄膜内部的电场分布更为敏感,损伤发生在温度最高值附近的膜层区域。进而开展了10 ns与1 ms脉宽激光致光学薄膜元件的损伤实验,损伤阈值及形貌特征与温度场计算结果显示的热损伤特性相符。     

Generation of frequency-chirped optical pulses in a large-slippagefree-electron laser

We have investigated the optical output of the free-electron laser for infrared experiments (FELIX) when it is driven by an electron beam with a ramped energy. We show that the applied slow ramp on the electron beam energy leads to a frequency chirp on each picosecond optical pulse. Typical values for the chirp are 0.2% frequency sweep across a 1.5-ps-long optical pulse. The optical pulses were analyzed with a double-grating pair and with a second-order autocorrelator. The pulse duration was reduced in the double-grating pair by 20%. A linear dependence of the chirp on the cavity desynchronization was measured     

Bistable operation of semiconductor lasers by optical injection

Bistable operation in InP/InGaAsP DH lasers by optical injection is reported for the first time. An incident optical beam, generated by a conventional DH semiconductor laser, was injected into the semiconductor laser with inhomogeneous excitation. Bistability has been achieved in the relation between input intensity of the incident beam and the optical output intensity of the inhomogeneously excited laser. The bistable laser also acts as an optical limiter, i.e. the optical output completely saturates above the laser threshold level.     

基于孤子自压缩的高功率少周期2 μm激光产生（特邀）

具有少周期量级脉冲宽度的高功率2 μm波段超快激光在非线性频率变换、激光光谱学以及医疗等领域有着重要且广泛的应用。利用高功率2 μm超快光源驱动孤子自压缩是产生高功率少周期2 μm激光的一种有效方法。文中利用自建的2 μm Ho:YAG锁模碟片振荡器作为种子源,在大模场光子晶体光纤中进行光谱展宽并实现孤子自压缩,最终获得了平均功率为10.2 W、脉冲宽度为3个光学周期的2 μm激光输出。实验采用FROG对输出脉冲的宽度和光谱进行测量,并与波长计测量的光谱以及理论模拟的结果进行了比较,验证了实验结果的准确性。