舟山渔区3470人ECG明尼苏达编码分析

对舟山渔区35—39岁的3470人(男1804人,女1666人)ECG 作明尼苏达编码分析。结果提示:左室 R 波高电压发生率高,尤以男性明显;男性中窦性心动过缓发生率亦高;与冠心病最有关的编码1(Q/QS)发生率最低;男、女高血压组中均提示 R 波高电压,ST 及 T 波改变的编码明显较非高血压组为多。着重讨论了各类编码检出情况、高血压组与非高血压组编码的差异、与心律失常及冠心病有关编码的分析。     

呼吸肌电波所致伪差酷似心房分离一例报告

患者男性,40岁,因患肺结核8年,下肢水肿、不能平卧一周于1982年8月19日入院。临床诊断:肺结核,肺心病,心力衰竭。X线胸片:两肺浸润型肺结核,两上肺空洞形成。入院后描记心电图(附图)。附图示窦性心动过速,电轴右偏,极度顺钟向转位,P波高尖,PII电压0.3mv,PIII、aVF电压0.25mv,P-P间期0.50”(频     

喜马拉雅P波(53)

1966年,RaulGamboa等报告,86%的三尖瓣闭锁和70%的肺动脉瓣闭锁患者的12导联心电图I和Ⅱ导联的P波高尖,振幅>2.5mm,Gamboa称其为三尖瓣P波,随后的文献也将这种P波称为Gamboa P波。     

犬急性透壁性心肌梗死极早期心电图变化的实验研究

目的:观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)极早期心电图的变化,并着重观察缺血性J波的发生情况及其与心律失常发生的关系,为临床早期诊断AMI提供依据。方法:杂种犬19只,开胸结扎前降支造成前壁急性心肌缺血,观察结扎前和结扎后2h内心电图变化。结果:超急性期约42%犬出现缺血性J波。T波高尖发生率为84%。ST段抬高发生率100%,全部累及胸前导联。巨R波发生率16%,出现晚于T波高尖和ST段抬高。以上心电图变化均出现在前壁,与梗死部位一致。AMI超急性期心电图变化中T波高尖和缺血性J波出现最早,ST段抬高次之,R波变化出现最晚。冠状动脉前降支结扎造成前壁心肌梗死后58%的犬至少有1次室性心动过速(VT)发生,26%发生心室颤动(Vf)死亡。前30min内发生的VT占总数的70%,与后90min比有显著性差异(P0.01)。出现J波的犬中全部发生VT,37.5%出现Vf;未出现J波的犬中27%出现VT,2只出现Vf。J波组VT较非J波组明显增加(P0.05)。结论:结扎前降支所致AMI超急性期心电图可出现缺血性J波、T波高尖、ST段抬高和巨R波型,缺血性J波是提示急性心肌缺血的心电图新指标,同时缺血性J波的出现常提示心电活动不稳定,易发生VT和Vf。     

心尖肥厚型心肌病的心电图特征

目的探讨心尖肥厚型心肌病的心电图特点。方法对29例心尖肥厚型心肌病的常规12导联心电图进行分析。结果患者V3～V5导联R波电压增高、ST段压低，均表现为V4〉V5〉V3，T波对称性倒置，呈V4〉V5〉V6。V3～V6导联同导联R波高度与T波倒置深度、ST段压低深度呈负相关（P均〈0．05），T波倒置深度与ST段压低深度呈正相关（P〈均0．01）。结论常规心电图显示胸导联R波电压增高伴ST-T特征性改变，要高度考虑心尖肌肥厚性心肌病。     

高血压、冠心病、风心病及肺心病Nehb导联心电图临床价值的探讨

对正常成人与高血压、冠心病、风心病及肺心病患者采用常规导联法与Nehb导联心电图作对比分析,认为:Nehb导联心电图作为对高血压、冠心病与风心病等的检查手段时,虽然目前尚无统一的诊断标准,但仍有较肯定的临床价值。关于D导联反映左室电压异常、心肌劳损或缺血性改变以及左房异常增大等方面,笔者从理论上作了试探性的分析、讨论,还有待今后进一步探讨与证实。A导联位置更近于室间隔部位,最好不以该导联反映的R波高电压作为左室电压异常的诊断指标。     

12导联动态心电图与常规心电图P波差别的研究

目的探讨12导联动态心电图(AECG)与常规心电图(RECG)P波的差别,为12导联动态心电图P波的诊断标准提供依据.方法用常规12导联心电图的连接方式和12导联动态心电图的连接方式分别描记心电图,然后比较两种连接方式心电图P波的差别.结果两种测量方法,P波形态、电压、间期完全相同(形态相同指两者P波方向一致;电压相同指两者P波电压差别小于0.05 mV;间期相同指间期差小于0.04 s)共443例(73.8%).形态存在差别共15例(2.5%),电压存在差别共109例(18.2%),间期存在差别共33例(5.5%).结论两种连接方式,P波形态基本一致,不影响绝大多数心律失常的诊断,P波电压的差别较大,P波间期差≥0.04 s 33例,仅占5.5%,而且主要是AECG导联方式大于RECG导联方式,在分析12导联AECG P波时,可适当考虑这几方面因素.     

貌似心肌梗死的扩张型心肌病伴右房扩大心电图1例

患者男,27岁。因胸闷、乏力,下肢肿胀1W入院。既往身体健康。查体:P 115次/min,R 20次/min,BP 17.0/10.0KPa。神志清,心律齐,神经系统无异常。心脏彩超示:左心室、右心室增大。心电图示:窦性心动过速,心率117次/min。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联P波高尖,电压>0.25mV,P_V_1呈正负双向。Ⅰ、aVL呈qR型,q>0.04s,T波倒置。V_1～V_4呈     

心电图诊断高钾血症的临床价值

目的探讨心电图诊断高钾血症的临床意义。方法对60例高钾血症患者的心电图改变与血清钾浓度进行对比分析。结果①心电图诊断高钾血症32例，与血清钾测定的符合率为53．3％，主要病因为肾功能不全，其次是肝功能不全和糖尿病。②血清钾5．5～7．0mmol／L时。心电图诊断高钾血症的符合率为37．1％，表现为T波高尖呈帐篷状；〉7．0mmol/L时，心电图诊断高钾血症的符合率为76．0％，表现为T波高尖、QRS时间增宽、电压降低、P波低平或消失、房室传导阻滞和窦-室传导；两组符合率差异有非常显著性意义（χ^2=8．84，P〈0．01）。〉10．0mmol/l时，出现心室扑动和颤动。结论随着血清钾浓度的升高，心电图改变程度加重，心电图鉴别诊断高血钾与假性高血钾较血清钾测定更具有重要的临床价值。     

86例肺结核患者顺钟向转位心电图分析

目的探讨顺钟向转位心电图对肺结核患者右心室肥大的诊断价值。方法对我院收治的86例顺钟向转位心电图的肺结核患者进行超声心动图筛查,并将其分为右心室肥大组和非右心室肥大组。除顺钟向转位外,比较两组患者心电图的其他改变之间的差异。结果在86例患者中,超声心动图证实为右心室肥大者40例(46.5%),非右心室肥大者46例(53.5%)。与非右心室肥大组患者相比,右心室肥大组患者的心电图的其他伴随改变,如电轴右偏、窦性心动过速、ST-T改变、P波高尖增多,且差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论肺结核患者顺钟向转位心电图对右心室肥大有一定诊断价值,尤其是伴有电轴右偏、窦性心动过速、ST-T改变、P波高尖时应高度怀疑右心室肥大。     

比伐芦定在冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变经皮冠状动脉介入治疗围术期应用中的有效性和安全性临床观察

目的评估冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞(CTO)病变患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)围术期应用比伐芦定的有效性和安全性。方法选取2018年5月24日至2019年3月12日在北京阜外医院住院并行CTO-PCI患者78例。根据术中使用抗凝药物情况将患者分为比伐芦定组(39例)和普通肝素组(39例)。观察比较两组术后主要不良心血管事件(MACE)和总出血及并发症事件的发生情况。结果比伐芦定组与普通肝素组围术期心肌损伤发生率(2.6%比5.1%,P=0.556)、围术期心肌梗死发生率(15.4%比10.3%,P=0.498)比较,差异均无统计学意义。两组患者在全因死亡、心脏死亡、计划外的血运重建、缺血事件上均未见不良事件,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。比伐芦定组与普通肝素组出血学术研究联合会分型(BARC)1型出血事件发生率(12.8%比10.3%,P=0.723)、BARC 2型出血事件发生率(2.6%比0,P>0.999)比较,差异均无统计学意义。两组患者均未发生BARC 3~5型严重出血事件。两组患者冠状动脉穿孔发生率(0比2.6%,P>0.999)比较,差异无统计学意义。结论与常规应用肝素抗凝治疗比较,比伐芦定在CTO-PCI中的应用是安全和有效的,在出血高风险患者中应用能否获益仍需较大样本的研究进一步证实。     

急性冠状动脉综合征伴糖尿病患者应用磺达肝癸钠的疗效及安全性研究

目的:探讨行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)伴糖尿病(DM)患者应用磺达肝癸钠的有效性及安全性。方法:将156例行PCI的ACS伴DM患者随机分为依诺肝素组和磺达肝癸钠组,每组78例,比较2组患者术后24h、30d和180d的主要不良心血管事件(MACE)及出血发生率。结果:依诺肝素组和磺达肝癸钠组患者PCI术后24h、30d和180d的MACE发生率均差异无统计学意义(术后24h,10.3%∶5.1%,P=0.367;术后30d,6.4%∶3.8%,P=0.717;术后180d,5.1%∶2.6%,P=0.677);磺达肝癸钠组患者术后24h轻微出血并发症发生率显著低于依诺肝素组(5.1%∶20.5%,P=0.008)。2组患者小出血并发症发生率差异无统计学意义,且均未发生主要出血并发症。结论:对行PCI的ACS伴DM患者,应用磺达肝癸钠的有效性及安全性良好。     

A phase Ⅱ study of paclitaxel and nedaplatin as front-line chemotherapy in Chinese patients with metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of paclitaxelnedaplatin combination as a front-line regimen in Chinese patients with metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).METHODS:A two-center,open-label,single-arm phaseⅡstudy was designed.Thirty-nine patients were enrolled and included in the intention-to-treat analysis of efficacy and adverse events.Patients received 175mg/m2of paclitaxel over a 3 h infusion on 1 d,followed by nedaplatin 80 mg/m2in a 1 h infusion on 2 d every3 wk until the documented disease progression,unac-ceptable toxicity or patient’s refusal.RESULTS:Of the 36 patients assessable for efficacy,there were 2 patients(5.1%)with complete response and 16 patients(41.0%)with partial response,giving an overall response rate of 46.1%.The median progression-free survival and median overall survival for all patients were 7.1 mo(95%CI:4.6-9.7)and 12.4 mo(95%CI:9.5-15.3),respectively.Toxicities were moderate and manageable.Grade 3/4 toxicities included neutropenia(15.4%),nausea(10.3%),anemia(7.7%),thrombocytopenia(5.1%),vomiting(5.1%)and neutropenia fever(2.6%).CONCLUSION:The combination of paclitaxel and nedaplatin is active and well tolerated as a first-line therapy for patients with metastatic ESCC.     

HBeAg阳性与阴性慢性乙型肝炎合并脂肪肝患者临床和病理学特征分析

目的研究HBeAg阳性与HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎合并脂肪肝患者临床和肝组织病理学特征。方法回顾性分析行肝穿刺活检术的慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者120例的临床资料,分析比较HBeAg阳性与HBeAg阴性CHB合并脂肪肝患者血清生化指标、病毒载量和肝组织病理学表现等的差异。结果在120例CHB患者中,HBeAg阳性68例（56.7%）,阴性52例（43.3%）。在HBeAg阳性组中检出合并脂肪肝者11例（16.2%）,明显低于HBeAg阴性组18例（34.6%,P〈0.05）;HBeAg阳性合并脂肪肝患者血清TG和GGT水平高于无脂肪肝的HBeAg阳性患者（P〈0.05）;在伴脂肪肝患者,HBeAg阳性者平均年龄（28.2±11.3岁）和纤维化评分（2.0±0.7）较HBeAg阴性者低（分别为36.2±14.6岁和2.6±0.8,P〈0.05）,而体重指数（BMI,27.3±4.0）、TG（3.7±0.4mmol/L）和HBV DNA定量水平（6.8±1.3 lgcopies/mL）高于阴性患者（分别为20.1±5.1,1.5±0.4 mmol/L,4.4±2.6 lgcopies/mL）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎合并脂肪肝患者比例较高,应尽早行肝穿刺活检,以便指导治疗。     

The Lewis blood group--a new genetic marker of ischaemic heart disease.

In a cohort of 3383 men aged 53 to 74 in the Copenhagen Male Study we investigated the association between ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and the Lewis blood group, assigned to chromosome 19. Among men with the Le(a-b-) phenotype, 8% had a history of non-fatal myocardial infarction, among others the frequency was 4%. The corresponding odds ratio was (95% confidence interval: CI) 1.9 (1.2-3.0) P < 0.01, men with Le(a-b-) had a risk-factor profile and pattern of disease resembling that of Reaven's syndrome X. In a subsequent prospective study 343 men with arteriosclerotic stigmas were excluded. The men had their morbidity and mortality recorded over the next 4 years. One-hundred-and-one men suffered IHD; 26 dying from IHD. In total 162 men died. Men with Le(a-b-) had an increased risk of death from IHD compared with others. Adjusted for age, relative risk (RR) (95% CI) was: 4.4 (1.9-10.3), P < 0.001, and for all causes of mortality: RR = 1.6 (1.0-2.6), P < 0.05. Men with the Le(a-b-) phenotype had an increased risk of an IHD event compared to men with other phenotypes (RR = 1.6 (0.9-2.8), P = 0.10) and a significantly higher IHD case fatality rate (RR = 2.8 (1.5-5.2), P = 0.01). The finding that the Le(a-b-) phenotype is a genetic marker of IHD risk may have implications in terms of prevention. The Le(a-b-) phenotype may also contribute to providing an explanation for the substantial ethnic differences found in the incidence of IHD. The similar risk-factor profile and pattern of disease found between Le(a-b-) men and individuals with Reaven's syndrome X is hypothesized to be due to a close genetic relationship on chromosome 19.     

Pulmonary hypertension in patients with sickle cell disease: a longitudinal study

Although pulmonary hypertension (PHT) is a common complication in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), the rate of development of PHT and the factors that affect disease progression are unknown. We observed 93 patients over a median follow-up period of 2.6 years (range 0.2-5.1 years). Data were censored at the time of death or loss to follow-up. Pulmonary hypertension was associated with an increased risk of death (relative risk, 9.24; 95% confidence interval: 1.2-73.3; P = 0.01). There was no difference in the risk of death when patients with different degrees of PHT were compared. Lactate dehydrogenase and blood urea nitrogen were significantly associated with PHT in a logistic regression model. Higher levels of fetal haemoglobin and treatment with hydroxycarbamide were observed more frequently in patients without PHT. Thirteen per cent of patients with no previous evidence of PHT developed PHT following 3 years of observation. In conclusion: (1) PHT, regardless of severity, is associated with an increased risk of death in SCD patients; (2) haemolysis is strongly associated with PHT in SCD; (3) high levels of fetal haemoglobin and hydroxycarbamide therapy may decrease the occurrence of PHT; (4) screening for PHT is indicated for SCD patients in their non-crisis, steady states.     

Long-term disease and patient-reported outcomes of a continuous treat-to-target approach in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis in daily clinical practice

Patients in real life may differ from those in clinical trials. The aim of this study is to report 5-year outcomes of a continuous treat-to-target (T2T) approach in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in daily clinical practice. In the Dutch RhEumatoid Arthritis Monitoring cohort, all patients with a clinical diagnosis of RA were treated according to a protocolled T2T strategy, aimed at 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) <?2.6. Outcomes were percentages of patients in distinct levels of disease activity, mean course of DAS28 and prevalence of sustained (drug-free) remission. Also, data on functional disability (Health Assessment Questionnaire) and health-related quality of life (Short-Form 36) were examined. Mean DAS28 improved from 4.93 (95% CI 4.81–5.05) at baseline to 2.49 (95% CI 2.35–2.63) after 12 months and remained stable thereafter. Percentages of patients at 12 months with DAS28 <?2.6 (remission), DAS28 ≥?2.6 and ≤?3.2 (low disease activity), DAS28 >?3.2 and ≤?5.1 (moderate disease activity) and DAS28?>?5.1 (high disease activity) were 63, 16, 18 and 3%, respectively. Sustained remission (DAS28?<?2.6 during ≥?6 months) was observed at least once in 84% of the patients and drug-free remission (DAS28?<?2.6 during ≥?6 months after withdrawal of all disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs) in 36% of the patients. Functional disability and health-related quality of life significantly improved during the first 24 weeks. Continuous application of T2T in real-life RA patients leads to favourable disease- and patient-related outcomes.     

Familial concordance of phenotype and microbial variation among siblings with CF

The clinical spectrum of cystic fibrosis (CF) is influenced by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) genotype. However, variable courses of the disease were demonstrated among patients with identical genotypes. Since siblings share identical CFTR mutations and environmental factors, they can serve as a model to assess the effect of modifier genes on disease expression, and also to evaluate cross-infection. The aim of this study was to compare disease expression among siblings with CF. All sibling pairs treated at 7 CF centers in Israel were included in the study. Data were collected from patients' medical charts. Fifty families with at least 2 siblings were identified. As expected, the second-born sibling was diagnosed at an earlier age compared to the first-born. The mode of CF presentation at diagnosis showed significant familial concordance. In the families where the first sibling presented with gastrointestinal manifestations, 79% of the second siblings also presented with gastrointestinal manifestations. When gastrointestinal manifestations were absent in the first sibling, only 12% of the second siblings presented with gastrointestinal manifestations (P < 0.0001). Likewise, when the first sibling presented with respiratory symptoms, 60% of the second siblings presented with the similar symptoms. However, when the first sibling presented without respiratory symptoms, only 12% of the second siblings presented with respiratory symptoms (P < 0.001). Meconium ileus (MI) was present in 20 patients (21%). In 10 families where the first-born sibling had MI, 8 (80%) of the subsequent siblings had MI. On the other hand, in the 39 families where the first-born sibling did not have MI, only 2 (5%) subsequent siblings had MI (P < 0.001). Pancreatic insufficiency (PI) also had high familial concordance (P < 0.0001). Percentile growth for weights and heights and lung function (FVC, FEV(1), and FEF(25-75)) at ages 7 and 10 years were similar between siblings. P. aeruginosa grew from sputum in 89% of our study patients. When P. aeruginosa was isolated from the first-born patient, 91% of the second siblings were also positive for P. aeruginosa, whereas when the initial sibling was not a carrier of P. aeruginosa, only 50% of subsequent siblings were positive (P < 0.0001). This familial concordance was not observed for S. aureus. By contrast, the age of first isolation of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was significantly earlier in the second sibling than in the first for the two bacteria: 10.3 +/- 5.1 vs. 7.3 +/- 5.2 years (P < 0.05) for P. aeruginosa, and 11.5 +/- 5.4 years vs. 6.8 +/- 5.1 years (P < 0.05) for S. aureus. CF siblings tend to share similar phenotypes that are not mutation-dependent. The lack of variability between siblings in mode of initial CF presentation, rates of MI, pulmonary function, and nutritional status supports the role of modifier genes in the determination of these factors.     

Plasma level of the macrophage-derived soluble CD163 is increased and positively correlates with severity in Gaucher's disease

Recently, soluble CD163 (sCD163) has been identified as a macrophage/monocyte-specific plasma protein and increased concentrations have been measured in patients with infection and myeloid leukaemia. In the present study we investigated the levels of sCD163 in patients with Gaucher's disease, an inherited lysosomal storage disorder characterised by hepato- and splenomegaly due to excessive accumulation of macrophages. The sCD163 plasma levels, median (25-75 percentiles), were far above the levels in normal subjects [7.1 mg/L (4.8-10.3) vs. 1.9 mg/L (1.5-2.4), P < 0.0001]. After initiation of enzyme supplementation therapy, the sCD163 levels were significantly reduced [4.7 mg/L (3.2-6.6), P = 0.0004]. sCD163 correlated with disease severity (rho = 0.43, P < 0.0061) and chitotriosidase activity (rho = 0.71, P > 0.0001). This study further establishes that sCD163 may be a valuable laboratory parameter in monitoring disease with increased macrophage activity.     

中国居民心血管疾病危险因素分布报告

全面了解相关可改变的危险因素及其在不同地区的分布差异,可为制定公共卫生政策提供理论依据.本报告定量评价了我国31个省152个农村地区的县和100个城市地区的区人群的12种心血管疾病危险因素的分布特征,包括血压升高(≥140/90 mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)、总胆固醇升高(≥5.0 mmol/L)、血糖...