悬雍垂-软腭折叠成形术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征

目的　改进经典悬雍垂腭咽成型术 (uvulopalatopharyngoplasty ,UPPP)的手术方法 ,提高治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征 (obstructivesleepapnea hypopneasyndrome ,OSAHS)的治疗效果 ,减少术后并发症。方法　用新改进的术式治疗OSAHS患者 3 6例 ,轻度 8例 ,中度 2 1例 ,重度 7例。在常规UPPP手术基础上完整保留悬雍垂及腭肌 ,切除软腭口咽面下段 1/ 3～ 1/ 2的黏膜及黏膜下部分脂肪组织 ,再将软腭自游离缘向上折叠并与上切缘缝合 ,形成新软腭。保留软腭的活动与功能。结果　 3 1例 ( 86 1% )诉睡眠时鼾声、白天嗜睡和晨起头痛等症状明显改善。术后 6个月复查 ,3 0例( 83 3 3 % )低通气指数下降超过 5 0 % ,19例 <5次 /h ,9例≤ 2 0次 /h ,6例≤ 40次 /h。没有出现术后出血、开放性鼻音、长期饮食返流、鼻咽腔瘢痕性狭窄等并发症。结论　此改进术式在有效扩大咽腔 ,尤其是软腭后间隙的基础上 ,避免了腭咽关闭不全、饮食返流、鼻咽腔瘢痕性狭窄等并发症 ,疗效良好     

保留悬雍垂的腭咽成形术临床应用初探

目的 改进经典悬雍垂腭咽成形术手术方法，探讨保留悬雍垂的可行性和必要性。方法 经多导睡眠监测确诊为阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征60例，全身麻醉下行保留悬雍垂的腭咽成形术，术中完整保留悬雍垂，切除腭帆间隙脂肪组织，扩大软腭成形范围。结果 主观症状明显改善，术后8d，睡眠状态下心电监护仪血氧饱和度监测，平卧≥87%，侧卧≥90%。完整保留的悬雍垂术后2周开始回缩，2-3个月接近或达到正常水平，保留了咽腔基本形态结构，有效防止腭咽关闭不全的发生。6个月后随访采用多导睡眠监测，以睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数下降50T为判断标准，有效率达83%（50/60）。结论 腭咽成形术中保留悬雍垂是可行和必要的。     

低温等离子辅助软腭外展加折叠术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征

目的　探讨腭咽成形术的改良手术方法,在解除腭咽部解剖性狭窄的同时,通过软腭外展增强软腭紧张度,避免睡眠中软腭功能性塌陷,提高手术疗效。方法 手术治疗以腭咽部狭窄、软腭松弛为主的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者55例（重度43例,中度12例）,利用软腭两侧斜三角形以及悬雍垂软腭交界处横矩形黏膜瓣切口,在低温等离子刀辅助下,解剖切除双侧腭帆间隙及软腭前方间隙内肥厚黏膜及沉积的脂肪组织,同时行黏膜切缘连同深部肌肉拉拢缝合,缝合后使软腭向两侧外展,悬雍垂-软腭前倾。分别于术前及术后6个月进行Epworth嗜睡量表评分及多道睡眠图监测,对所获得的资料进行统计学分析。结果　55例患者中,治愈8例,显效41例,有效3例,无效3例,手术成功率89.1%。术后Epworth嗜睡量表评分、呼吸暂停低通气指数、最低动脉血氧饱和度与术前比较均有显著性差异（P <0.001）。未出现术后开放性鼻音、长期饮食反流、鼻咽腔瘢痕性狭窄等并发症。结论　低温等离子辅助下软腭外展加悬雍垂-软腭折叠术,使软腭向两侧牵拉外展,悬雍垂及软腭前倾,软腭紧张度增加,可有效解除软腭塌陷,手术疗效满意,无严重并发症发生。     

双极射频等离子治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的临床疗效观察

目的：探讨双极射频等离子治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的疗效。方法：对56例OSAHS患者，全部用等离子打孔刀分别对阻塞部位的下鼻甲、悬雍垂软腭、舌根、扁桃体行减容手术。结果：按杭州会议标准，6个月内总有效率为87．5％。术后出现咽异感症5例，闭塞性鼻音2例，咽部继发性出血1例。结论：应用双极射频等离子治疗OSAHS安全可行，值得推广。     

循证医学与悬雍垂腭咽成形术术式的演变

目的:应用循证医学指导悬雍垂腭咽成形术(uvulopalatopharyngoplasty,UPPP)术式的演变。材料与方法:1989年1月1日至2000年12月31日我科共实施UPPP124例,其中男性119例,女性5例,年龄26-62岁,平均41.33岁;呼吸紊乱指数5.22-136.02,平均41.75;最低血氧饱和度33-88%,平均68.23%。术式演变过程分以下三个阶段。①1989年至1999年6月共对61例阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,OSAS)患者进行了传统的UPPP;②1999年7月至2000年3月共对28例OSAS患者进行了CO2激光辅助的重建悬雍垂的UPPP;⑧2000年4月至2000年12月,共对35例OSAS患者进行了CO2激光辅助的保留悬雍垂全长的UPPP。结果:各种术式术后1年随访,患者打鼾、白天嗜睡等症状得到不同程度的缓解。但传统的UPPP后,多数患者术后短期内出现进食时食物鼻腔返流,咽部失去软腭的正常形态,而呈“⌒”形,对患者造成了一定的心理影响。而重建悬雍垂的UPPP后复查发现,所重建的悬雍垂并没有保持形态,而逐渐萎缩,仅剩一小的突起,咽部仍失去软腭的正常形态,并没有达到预期效果。保留悬雍垂全长的UPPP,患者术后未出现进食时食物鼻腔返流,术后1年复查,咽部仍保持软腭的正常形态,悬雍垂形态、大小基本同术前,甚至较术前有所缩小,达到了预期效果。结论:     

Value of preservation of uvula in uvulopalatopharyngoplasty]

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of the modified Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) where uvula is preserved in the operation, and whether the postoperative complications are diminished. METHODS: Thirty consecutive patients with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (29 men, 1 woman) were analyzed by questionnaire, polysomnography and oral cavity measurement before and 6 months after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty to assess the surgical outcome and value of preservation of uvula in the operation. RESULTS: Eighty-seven percent of patients reported improvement of snoring and daytime sleepiness. Fifty-three percent of patients showed a decrease of at least 50% in the apnea and hypopnea indices. Among the mild and moderate obstructive sleep apnea (AHI < 50), 73.3% of them showed a decrease of at least 50% in the AHI. No velopalatal insufficiency occurred. The result of oral cavity measurement showed that the uvula, which was preserved completely during the operation, began to contract 2 weeks after the operation. Three to six month after operation, uvula contracted to the normal length and the anatomical shape of the pharyngeal cavity became normal. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the uvula preserving UPPP indicate that this approach not only improves the effect of the UPPP, but also avoids the postoperative complications. The uvula that preserved completely during the operation will contract to the normal length progressively.     

改良悬雍垂腭咽成形术疗效的临床观察

目的:改进经典悬雍垂腭咽成形术(UPPP) 的手术方法，探讨保留悬雍垂的可行性和必要性。方法：全身麻醉下行保留悬雍垂的腭咽成形术，术中完整保留悬雍垂，切除腭帆间隙脂肪，提高软腭最高切点均在2.5?cm 以上。结果：完整保留的悬雍垂术后2周开始回缩，3个月后咽腔接近年轻状态，无腭咽关闭不全及再狭窄。主观问卷调查和PSG客观检测有效率为100%。结论：保留悬雍垂可提高软腭最高切点开大咽腔，扩大软腭鼻咽面和咽后壁间距并防止腭咽关闭不全，可明显提高UPPP手术疗效。     

全长保留悬雍垂腭咽成形术后口咽腔解剖径线变化观察

目的:探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)行全长保留悬雍垂腭咽成形术后远期的口咽腔解剖径线的变化。方法:对31例行全长保留悬雍垂腭咽成形术后的OSAHS患者进行随访,并且根据其手术前后口咽腔测量结果进行比较分析,包括:悬雍垂长、悬雍垂基底宽、腭舌弓间距和腭咽弓间距、软腭长度、悬雍垂至咽后壁的间距,此外还有颈围和体质指数。结果:OSAHS患者术后与术前相比较,悬雍垂的长与悬雍垂的基底宽、两侧腭弓(腭咽弓或腭舌弓)间距、软腭的长度、悬雍垂至咽后壁的距离均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),而颈围及体质指数均差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:全长保留悬雍垂腭咽成形术是解决上气道狭窄,尤其是口咽部狭窄的有效手术方法,可以扩大患者口咽部左右径达到健康人水平。     

Revised uvulopalatopharyngoplasty with uvula preservation and its clinical study

OBJECTIVES: A revised uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is reported for reducing the surgical complications without compromising the response. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A new method of performing UPPP was designed, in which the uvula is preserved, but a larger portion of the soft palate is removed. This new procedure is called the 'revised UPPP with uvula preservation' (Han's UPPP or H-UPPP), the characteristics of which are as follows: complete preservation of the uvula; larger portion of the soft palate resected (with the levator palati and tensor palati remaining intact); the adipose tissue in the space of the velum palati is removed; the preserved uvula will become a 'normal' one by the contraction of scar tissue on both sides of the musculus palato-uvularis and the lower margin of the tensor palati. 68 cases of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome had been treated with H-UPPP between September 1998 and May 2001. RESULTS: Polysomnography was performed for all 68 cases 6 months postoperatively with a surgical response of 69.12%, defined as a >50% reduction of the apnea-hypopnea index and <20 apneic pauses/h; no palatopharyngeal incompetency or palatopharyngeal stenosis. Anatomic measurements showed that the preserved uvula in H-UPPP begins to retract 2 weeks postoperatively, and the preserved uvula becomes 'normal' in 3-6 months. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that H-UPPP is an effective surgery and produces fewer complications compared with the classic UPPP.     

腭咽成形术中保留悬雍垂的意义

目的　改进经典悬雍垂腭咽成形术 (uvulopalatopharyngoplasty ,UPPP)手术方法 ,探讨术中保留悬雍垂的意义 ,提高UPPP手术疗效、减少术后并发症。方法　治疗睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者 30例。①在主观症状改善的基础上 ,应用多导睡眠图分析及咽腔解剖参数测量等项指标 ,术后随访 6个月以上 ,对术前术后所获资料进行统计学分析。②手术改进特点 :力求维持咽腔正常生理解剖形态 ,完整保留悬雍垂 ,解剖切除腭帆间隙脂肪组织 ,扩大软腭成形范围 ,平均软腭切除最高点在悬雍垂根部两侧上 1 9cm。结果　主观症状明显改善者占 87 0 % ,以AHI下降 >5 0 %为判定标准 ,有效率为5 3 3 % ,对轻、中度患者 (AHI<5 0 )有效率达 73 3 % ,无 1例出现腭咽关闭不全、咽腔瘢痕狭窄、误咽等并发症。术后咽腔解剖测量 :完整保留的悬雍垂术后 2周左右开始回缩 ,3～ 6个月接近并达到正常水平。结论　此术式可有效扩大咽腔 ,避免腭咽关闭不全等并发症 ,提高UPPP手术疗效 ;完整保留的悬雍垂依靠术后悬雍垂肌、腭帆提肌、腭帆张肌的运动及两侧软腭愈合引起的向上向外的牵拉作用 ,可以逐步回缩至正常生理水平