稀土金属熔盐电解技术进展

国内外混合稀土金属及单一稀土常采用熔盐电解法进行生产。本文总结和回顾了熔盐电解制备稀土金属及合金的发展概况,指出稀土熔盐电解未来的发展趋势是：使用节能型电解槽,清洁生产,电解设备大型化和电解过程自动化。     

氟化物体系电解稀土氧化物制备稀土金属研究

概述了国内外氟化物熔盐电解制取稀土金属及合金的发展历程,分析总结了实验室中对稀土氟化物熔盐体系研究,其中包括物化性质和电化学性质的研究。数值模拟技术近年来在熔盐电解法制备稀土金属中也起到了很大的作用,因此概述了数值模拟技术在熔盐电解制备稀土金属的发展。     

25 kA熔盐电解法制备稀土镨钕合金非稀土杂质有效控制的研究

为实现熔盐电解法制备稀土合金工艺大型化、低能耗和高效性,采用25 kA电解电流在氟化物体系中的熔盐电解工艺制备稀土镨钕合金.通过工业实践,探究了电解过程中电解槽结构、电解温度、电流密度、电解质组分、搅炉操作及坩埚材质对电解产品纯度的影响.实验研究确立了25 kA熔盐电解法制备稀土镨钕合金有效控制非稀土杂质含量的工艺参数.      

熔盐电解法制备稀土镁合金的研究进展

稀土镁合金在保留镁合金诸多优点的基础上,进一步强化了高温力学性能,有效改善了抗蠕变、耐热、耐腐蚀等性能,是高性能镁合金的典型代表。与传统熔铸法相比,熔盐电解法制备稀土镁合金具有合金成分均匀,收得率高,成本低,易实现大规模、连续化生产等优势。综述了熔盐电解法制备稀土镁合金的研究进展,重点介绍了Mg-Y,Mg-Nd,Mg-Li-RE等合金的电解制备工艺;讨论了氯化物体系和氟化物体系电解制备稀土镁合金的优缺点;指出了高电能消耗、低电流效率、高尾气排放是当前熔盐电解法用于制备稀土镁合金存在的主要问题,并提出了相应的解决措施;最后展望了未来可能的发展趋势,认为电解直接制备多元系应用合金及开发环境友好型的电解工艺是今后熔盐电解生产稀土镁合金的重要研究方向。     

稀土与钇金属的熔鹽电解和电精炼

由于制备特种合金和其它用途增加了对稀土和钇金属的需要量,从而极大地提高了稀土与钇金属在商品金属中的地位。本文是美国矿务局分别就氯化物料和氧化物料进行熔盐电解制备单一稀土金属、钇金属和混合稀土金属发表的评论文章。其中也包括了熔盐电解法制备钇金属与稀土金属的合金以及钇金属的电精炼。特别注重的是电解中遇到的问题及技术发展中的成就。     

稀土熔盐电解过程出金属技术研究进展

介绍了熔盐电解法制备稀土金属过程中出金属技术发展历程、现状与发展趋势。经过几十年发展,人工舀出法和端埚法成为熔盐电解生产稀土金属出炉最主要的方式;分析总结了当前稀土熔盐电解过程出金属方法的特点及存在的问题以及自动出金属难实现产业化的主要原因,提出研发小型轻量化、工业机械化出金属新技术及装备是未来发展的主要趋势。     

稀土氧化物熔盐电解工艺的探讨

目前,我国是通过氯化物熔盐电解法制取混合稀土金属、单一稀土金属及其合金。由于电解过程中渣泥的大量生成,谴成技术经济指标明显下降,并给电解操作带来许多困难。这是氯化物熔盐电解的主要弊病之一。 近十多年来,由于稀土氧化物熔盐电解比稀土氯化物熔盐电解具有成倍高的电效、     

电解法生产稀土金属合金的方法及设备

本专利提供了用电解法生产稀土金属合金的方法,电解方法中的熔盐浴含稀土金属氧化物。与稀土金属构成合金的金属的熔点和比重都比熔盐浴低,该金属呈熔化状态飘浮在熔盐浴上并     

稀土氟化物熔盐的电化学研究

本文讨论的是电解法生产稀土金属的基本研究工作。以氟化物熔盐和稀土氧化物为原料，根据电化学反应类型。临界电流密度及熔盐熔点设计电解槽。我们测定了极化曲线和电解质熔点，并讨论了稀土氧化物和氟化物熔盐的电化学反应，确定了过程中的析氧，析氟反应，稀土金属及合金的电溶积。金属铈在８９０℃熔盐中阳极临界电流密度９Ａ／ｃｍ＾２。钕在９２０℃阳极临界电流密度为１．６Ａ／ｃｍ＾２。     

浅议铝电解槽制备铝—稀土合金方法

本文评述了制备铝—稀土合金的三种方法。混熔对掺法,铝热还原法和熔盐电解法的优缺点及适用性。论述了工业铝电解槽中添加稀土碳酸盐稀土氧氯化物或稀土氧化物直接生产铝—稀土合金新工艺的各自特点。从理论上阐述了铝电解槽中铝和稀土离子可共电沉积及铝热还原生成铝—稀土合金的机理。铝电解槽添加稀土化合物是目前生产铝—稀土合金的主要方法。提出了铝电解槽中产品合金化的方向。     

高温熔盐体系惰性阳极与月壤电解制氧技术

目前,熔盐电化学冶金普遍采用炭素阳极,阳极CO₂产物是重要的碳排放源。若在高温熔盐体系中使用惰性析氧阳极,则可实现熔盐电解过程低碳排放。因此,开发适用于熔盐电解体系的惰性阳极至关重要,也是近年来国内外研究热点。本文首先综述了各种高温熔盐体系惰性阳极的研究进展,所涉及熔盐体系包括:铝电解氟化物盐、CaCl₂熔盐、碳酸盐和熔融氧化物等。另外,近年来月球开发利用受到广泛关注,太阳能驱动的月壤原位熔盐电化学制氧,将是支撑人类未来月面生存氧气需求的重要方法之一,故惰性析氧阳极不可或缺。因此,本文也简要综述了基于惰性阳极的月壤电解制氧技术。      

The Rare Earth Aluminium Alloys in China

The development and application of rare earth aluminium alloys began in the 1960s in China.The represen-tative work was the usage of rare earth metals in alumino-silicon alloys for piston.In the 1970s,its initial stage.rare earths were used in enhanced AIMgSi alloy transmission line and FeCr Al alloy electric heating wire.Duringits developing period(from 1980 to 1985),in the field of smelting,after the electrolytic preparation of RE-Almaster alloys at relatively low temperature,a new technique was invented that rare earth compounds were addedto commercial aluminium electrowinning cell to produce RE-Al alloys directly.It opened the way for the appli-cation of rare earths in industry on a large scale.In the field of application,it was found that the addition ofrare earths could improve the conductivity and processing property of aluminium alloys.The application of rareearths to aluminium conductors and products had made a breakthrough progress.Since 1986,its golden age,thestudy,production and application of aluminium alloys containing rare earths have been developing at an amazingspeed,running neck and neck with the application of RE in agriculture,textile dyeing,and cast iron.     

镝-铁中间合金的制备方法

系统阐述了镝-铁中间合金的生产方法，介绍了对掺法、真空热还原法和熔盐电解法生产工艺、设备及生产特点。     

固态氧化物熔盐电解的研究进展

本文介绍了熔盐电解固态氧化物技术在稀有难熔金属制备方面的应用,结合Ti的制备分析了FFC法的发展、工艺特点以及所面临的问题,重点阐述了导电性对FFC法生产的影响。以太阳能级硅(SOG-Si)的制备和多孔膜有效应用为例介绍了熔盐电解固态氧化物技术应用的最新研究进展。综合熔盐电解固态氧化物技术的研究现状,提出室温离子液体中电脱氧制备金属及合金,是实现冶金过程绿色生产的新方法,电解固态氧化物技术的应用有着很好的工业化前景,但要实现大规模工业生产仍然面临着诸多问题。     

非水溶剂电还原制取重稀土金属及合金的研究现状及发展

随着重稀土元素对铝、镁、铜、镍及钢铁等金属材料的功能化作用被广泛关注,使得作为战略性资源的重稀土元素在金属合金材料的应用领域拓展空间巨大.在此背景下,作为改性元素的重稀土金属及合金的市场需求必然猛增.由于重稀土单质自身的高熔点,混熔法、真空热还原法一直是生产制备重稀土金属及合金的主要方法,寻求一条低成本、高效、绿色的制备方法则至关重要.由于熔盐电化学还原法在生产低熔点轻稀土及合金工艺方面具有经济、高效等优势,近年来,通过熔盐电解方式直接制取低熔点的重稀土合金成为国内外学者研究的热点,从目前取得进展来看,具有广阔的发展前景.针对国内外重稀土金属及合金的熔盐电解法制取的研究现状进行了评述,从体系物理化学性质、电极过程机理、模拟计算等几个方面做了简要的总结和分析,以期对重稀土合金材料的制备研究提供有益的帮助.      

离子液体电解质体系铝及铝合金电沉积与铝精炼研究进展

传统上,铝、稀土和碱金属及碱土金属等活泼金属主要是通过高温熔盐电解法得到,其电解工艺流程能耗高.近几年来,对离子液体的不断深入研究,提出离子液体为电解质体系用于金属铝、铝精炼和铝合金.综述目前采用离子液体体系进行铝及铝合金电沉积,粗铝、铝合金和铝基复合材料电解精炼回收铝的研究现状和研究进展.介绍和评述离子液体电解质电沉积、精炼铝的应用情况和所取得的研究成果,探讨离子液体电解质用于铝行业的发展趋势和研究动向.      

Rare Earth Metals and Alloys by Electrolytic Methods

Fused salt electrolysis as applied to the production of reactive refractory metals is a useful process for rare earth metals preparation also. The relatively low melting point of some of the rare earth metals and many of their alloys is an advantage here. With great ingenuity, electrolytic cells have been designed and methods developed for the preparation of high melting rare earth metals also in consolidated forms, using oxide–fluoride electrolytes. Any process of rare earth metal preparation had to contend with the great reactivity of these metals not only with the atmospheric gases but also with a great variety of crucible materials as well. The development of electrolytic processes involving both the chloride medium as well as the oxide–fluoride compositions had to be guided by this factor. The search for solutions to circumvent the numerous challenges inherent in the electrolytic extraction of rare earth metals led to some interesting process development. One of them is the preparation of rare earth metals by a method involving a consumable cathode. In this an alloy is prepared first by electrolysis and the metal is then recovered by a simple non electrolytic route from the alloy. Using one or other of these three possibilities, all the rare earth metals, and many of their alloys, could be prepared by electrolytic methods. All these issues and possibilities are highlighted in this paper.     

稀土电解废熔盐的综合利用研究

主要研究了从氟化体系熔盐电解过程产生的废熔盐回收合格熔盐和氧化稀土的工艺条件；采用本工艺得到的熔盐可直接返回电解生产线使用，制取的氧化稀土质量都达到国家标准，稀土总收率达90．09％。     

Rare Earth Metals and Alloys by Electrolytic Methods

Abstract

Fused salt electrolysis as applied to the production of reactive refractory metals is u useful process for rare earth metals preparation also. The relatively low melting point of some of the rare earth metals and many of their alloys is an advantage here. With great ingenuity, electrolytic cells have been designed and methods developed for the preparation of high melting rare earth metals also in consolidated forms, using oxide - fluoride electrolytes. Any process of rare earth metal preparation had to contend with the great reactivity of these metals not only with the atmospheric gases but also with a great variety of crucible materials as well. The development of electrolytic processes involving both the chloride medium as well as the oxide-fluoride compositions had to be guided by this factor. The search for solutions to circumvent the numerous challenges inherent in the electrolytic extraction of rare earth metals led to some interesting process development. One of them is the preparation of rare earth metals by a method involving a consumable cathode. In this an alloy is prepared first by electrolysis and the metal is then recovered by a simple non electrolytic route from the alloy. Using one or other of these three possibilities, all the rare earth metals, and many of their alloys, could be prepared by electrolytic methods. All these issues and possibilities are highlighted in this paper.