纤维增强混凝土剪力墙抗震性能试验研究与理论分析

为根本改善混凝土基体的脆性,提高混凝土剪力墙的抗震性能和损伤容限,设计制作6个局部纤维增强混凝土（FRC）剪力墙试件,在试件变形关键部位采用FRC替代普通混凝土,并考虑高轴压比下剪力墙受压钢筋屈曲和受拉纵筋应力集中的问题,在塑性铰区纵向钢筋上设置钢套管,以改善受力钢筋的稳定性和变形性能。通过对悬臂剪力墙试件的拟静力试验,研究此类剪力墙的破坏现象、受力机理和滞回特性,探讨轴压比、FRC区高度、纵筋强度和钢套管长度等因素对墙体变形能力及耗能能力的影响。研究表明,与普通混凝土剪力墙试件相比,塑性铰区采用FRC的剪力墙试件具有较高的损伤容限和变形能力;提高钢筋强度和延性以及在纵筋上设置钢套管,对其抗震性能和耗能能力均具有明显的改善作用。     

自密实混凝土与钢筋局部黏结性能试验研究

自密实混凝土由于材料组分和免振捣的特点,其与钢筋黏结性能备受关注。采用电液伺服加载方法分别进行了10个单调荷载作用和10个重复荷载作用下的钢筋混凝土试件拉拔试验,其中16个为自密实混凝土试件,4个为普通混凝土对比试件,研究自密实混凝土强度、荷载作用形式对钢筋与自密实混凝土局部黏结性能的影响,包括局部黏结应力的分布、残余黏结应力等。试验结果表明：沿锚固长度黏结应力分布在单调荷载作用下呈单波峰状,而在重复荷载作用下呈波浪状;自密实混凝土强度越高,黏结应力分布越不均匀,各级荷载卸载时的残余黏结应力也较大;随着循环荷载和次数的增加,黏结应力分布更均匀,残余黏结应力逐渐向自由端移动;自密实混凝土与钢筋的黏结性能略优于普通混凝土与钢筋的黏结性能。采用最小二乘法得到钢筋与自密实混凝土局部黏结应力分布的位置函数并与试验结果对比,表明其具有较好精度。     

Flexural behavior of GFRP-reinforced concrete encased steel composite beams

To improve the ductility and meanwhile ensure satisfactory corrosion-resistant performance, a new type of FRP-reinforced concrete encased steel (FRP-RCS) composite beams comprised of ductile structural steel shapes in combination with corrosion-resistant FRP-reinforced concrete was proposed and studied. An experimental investigation on flexural behavior of the proposed FRP-RCS beams was conducted by testing a total of seven simply supported beam specimens subjected to four-point bending loads. The test specimens included one FRP-reinforced concrete (FRP-RC) beam reinforced with GFRP bars only and six FRP-RCS beams reinforced with both GFRP bars and encased structural steel shapes. The main parameters considered in this study were concrete compressive strength, amounts of GFRP reinforcement as well as ratio and configuration of encased structural steel shapes. The test results indicate that using encased steel shapes can provide a significant enhancement in load carrying capacity, stiffness, ductility and energy absorption capacity of tested beams. The tested FRP-RC beam suffered a brittle failure caused by the sudden fracture of tensile GFRP bars whereas the proposed FRP-RCS beams behaved in a ductile manner mainly due to the beneficial residual strength of encased steel shapes following concrete crushing. In addition, an analytical method was suggested to predict the load carrying capacity of the proposed FRP-RCS beams.     

Strengthening fire-damaged concrete by confinement with fibre-reinforced polymer wraps

Extensive research has shown that fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) wraps are very effective for strengthening concrete columns for increased axial and flexural load and deformation capacity, and this technique is now widely used around the world. The study reported in this paper extends the FRP confinement technique to strengthening fire-damaged circular concrete columns. An experimental programme was undertaken to study the compressive strength and stress-strain behaviour of both unconfined and FRP-confined plain concrete cylinders after being heated to various elevated temperatures for up to four hours and cooled to room temperature. The results show that FRP confinement is highly effective for enhancing the load-carrying capacity of even severely fire-damaged concrete columns. The results also yield insights into the mechanics of FRP confinement of concretes of similar composition but with varying compressive strengths. A modified version of a pre-existing confinement model is proposed for use in designing FRP strengthening schemes for fire-damaged concrete columns.     

螺旋筋约束增强空腹式型钢混凝土柱滞回性能试验研究

为了研究螺旋筋约束增强空腹式型钢混凝土柱的滞回性能,以轴压比、配箍率、配钢形式以及截面形式为变化参数,设计10个试件（其中空腹式型钢混凝土柱对比试件1个,复合螺旋箍筋混凝土柱对比试件1个）进行低周反复加载试验。观察试件的破坏形态,获取各试件的滞回曲线和骨架曲线。分析试件的极限承载力、层间位移角、延性、耗能、强度衰减和刚度退化等抗震性能指标,以及各变化参数对其抗震性能的影响。结果表明：螺旋筋约束增强空腹式型钢混凝土柱主要表现为弯曲破坏和黏结破坏;相比空腹式型钢混凝土柱和复合螺旋箍筋混凝土柱,螺旋筋约束增强空腹式型钢混凝土柱的滞回曲线更为饱满,承载力、延性和耗能均有提高;随着轴压比的增大,其承载力、刚度和耗能能力提高,但延性和变形能力降低,强度衰减和刚度退化现象更为严重;随着螺旋箍筋配箍率的增大,承载力、刚度、延性、耗能能力和变形能力逐渐提高;相同总含钢量下,增大螺旋筋配箍率比增大型钢间接配钢率对其延性和耗能能力的提高更显著,对其承载力则相反;三种截面形式中,Ⅲ类截面试件表现出最优的抗震性能。     

纤维网增强混凝土复合材料约束混凝土应力-应变关系研究

为研究纤维网增强混凝土(TRC)加固层对混凝土柱的约束性能,对13根混凝土柱试件(包括10根TRC加固柱和3根对比柱)进行了轴心受压试验,分析了纤维网层数、短切纤维及混凝土强度对TRC加固效果的影响,基于试验结果提出了TRC约束混凝土应力-应变关系简化计算模型。研究结果表明：TRC加固可改善混凝土柱的轴压破坏形态;与未加固柱相比,TRC加固柱的承载能力和变形能力有不同程度提高,且提高幅度与纤维网层数、混凝土强度以及短切纤维掺入相关,纤维网层数越多、混凝土强度越低时,加固柱的承载力和延性提高幅度越大,最高可分别达67.3%和65.2%;TRC基体中掺入短切纤维有利于加固柱的承载力和延性提高;提出的TRC约束混凝土应力-应变关系计算模型与试验结果吻合较好,可用于描述TRC约束混凝土应力-应变关系曲线。     

Experimental study on partially deteriorated strength concrete columns confined with CFRP

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are becoming more frequently used in civil engineering structures because of their superior advantages. The majority of applications undertaken in the past focused on entire wrapping with FRP, while in practice, affected by frost damage, aging or construction quality, some part of the concrete columns might have deteriorated, that is the strength of the deteriorated part might be lower than the other parts. In these cases, conventional retrofitting was wrapping the whole column including the intact and the deteriorated parts. That has been considered as a kind of waste. Few literatures have been involved in a partial confinement method for parts with locally deteriorated strength. This paper is to present an effective partial confinement method, to investigate the mechanical behavior of columns with partial deteriorated strength and to evaluate the availability of the partial confinement. Five groups of plain columns and five steel reinforced concrete columns have been tested, each specimen has two different strengths, among these the lower one is to simulate the part with deteriorated strength. Different layers of CFRP sheets have been wrapped just on the lower strength part to explore the improvement by partial confinement. Experimental results indicate that both the strength and the ductility of the deteriorated strength part could be significantly increased, subsequently; the load capacity of the entire column can be enhanced higher than those of the original columns. An existing analytical model on FRP reinforcement is used to predict the ultimate load and to evaluate the improvement effectiveness of partial confinement. The prediction provided by theoretical model shows well agreements with the experimental results. Findings of this paper presents that partial confinement on deteriorated parts of concrete columns would be developed as an alternative approach to avoid cost and time-consumption in practice.     

预应力钢绞线超高强混凝土管桩受弯性能研究

为解决普通预应力超高强混凝土管桩水平承载力低和变形能力差的问题,提出了预应力钢绞线超高强混凝土管桩。通过3种常用桩型6根试件的足尺受弯性能试验、有限元分析,对比了预应力钢绞线超高强混凝土管桩与普通预应力超高强混凝土管桩在抗裂性能、受弯承载力、变形能力及破坏特征等方面的差异。研究结果表明：以钢绞线替代钢棒作为主筋可以有效提高管桩受弯状态下的变形能力和承载力;预应力钢绞线超高强混凝土管桩均以受压区混凝土压碎破坏,而普通预应力超高强混凝土管桩均以预应力钢棒拉断破坏;所建立的数值模型可以合理预测管桩的受弯性能,模拟得到的桩身裂缝分布与试验结果吻合较好。     

预应力高强钢绞线网加固钢筋混凝土板的试验研究

采用新型张拉锚固系统对钢绞线网施加预应力,研究预应力水平值对板加固效果的影响规律。对3块不同预应力水平加固板、1块非预应力加固板和1块对比板进行抗弯试验研究。试验结果表明:较对比板,预应力加固板的承载力、截面刚度大幅度提高,裂缝宽度明显减小;较非预应力加固板,其开裂荷载显著提高,屈服荷载、极限荷载、截面刚度均有提高,裂缝宽度减小;随预应力水平的提高,加固效果、钢绞线强度的利用率明显提高。对钢绞线的预应力损失进行分析,提出预应力加固板承载力的计算公式,计算结果与试验值吻合良好,可作为预应力钢绞线抗弯加固混凝土板理论分析和设计的参考。预应力高强钢绞线加固技术解决了非预应力加固方法钢绞线应变滞后、发生剥离破坏、高强度利用率低等缺点,是一种主动高效的加固技术,具有较高的推广应用价值。     

型钢超高强混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究

为研究型钢超高强混凝土柱的抗震性能,开展了27根型钢超高强混凝土柱试件的低周反复加载试验。试件设计参数为剪跨比、轴压力水平、配箍、型钢和栓钉配置情况。针对不同设计参数的试件的破坏特征、滞回曲线、水平承载力、耗能能力及变形能力、承载力及刚度退化等进行了分析,得到了各设计参数的影响规律。试验结果表明：型钢超高强混凝土柱的滞回曲线饱满且较稳定;剪跨比较大、轴压比较低、箍筋有效约束指标较大、配置H型或十字型钢的试件具有更好的抗震性能;型钢在箍筋约束效果较好时,能更充分地发挥提高柱抗震性能的作用;通过配置高强度八边形复合箍筋,能有效避免型钢超高强混凝土短柱发生脆性剪切破坏,使得其最终破坏形态为弯曲破坏,从而改善其抗震性能;配置栓钉能提高柱的抗震性能,且当柱的变形能力较强时效果更明显;试验轴压比为0.38或0.45的试件仍具有较强的耗能能力和变形能力,即型钢超高强混凝土柱具有较好的抗震性能。     

Flexural behavior of strengthened concrete beams with corroding reinforcement

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on a total of 30 under-reinforced concrete beams which were subjected to corrosion after the cover zone was replaced with different high-performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites. A power supply was used to induce different degrees of corrosion into reinforcement. The beams were then tested under four-point bending for their load–deflection relations. The results show significant reductions in flexural strength due to reinforcement corrosion. The beams cast with a cover containing 50/50 blend of brass coated and hooked steel fibers have the best flexural performance. The beams cast with a cover containing glass fiber showed the smallest amount of strength reduction and a reasonable ductile failure after corrosion.     

钢管超高强石渣混凝土轴压短柱静力性能试验研究

通过14个钢管超高强石渣混凝土短柱试件的轴压试验,考察其破坏形态,分析混凝土强度、试件的直径、径厚比等参数对其力学特性的影响。试验结果表明:以较低的水泥消耗量配制的超高强石渣混凝土填充至钢管内,钢管与核心混凝土界面密实,没有脱空的现象;在试验参数范围内,试件的套箍指标和混凝土强度是影响其静力特性的主要因素,试件的峰值荷载、低谷荷载及二次峰值荷载与核心混凝土的名义承载力(f_cA_c)之比基本与套箍指标成线性关系,但变化规律有别;试件的荷载-轴向平均应变曲线可以分为四个阶段,即弹性阶段、弹塑性阶段、荷载下降阶段和荷载回升阶段;套箍指标较小时,弹塑性段较短,下降段陡峭,峰值荷载后荷载下降幅值较大;套箍指标较大时,弹塑性上升段和荷载下降变形曲线较平缓,峰值荷载后荷载下降幅值较小;所有试件都呈剪切型的破坏特征,有较高的残余承载力和良好的延性;最后,给出了经回归分析得到与试验结果比较吻合的钢管超高强石渣混凝土短柱轴心受压承载力的计算公式。     

负弯矩区部分充填混凝土对窄幅钢箱-混凝土组合梁受力性能影响试验研究

为了研究充填混凝土对窄幅钢箱-混凝土组合梁负弯矩区的荷载-挠度特征、截面应变分布、抗弯刚度、钢箱梁的约束机理以及承载能力的影响,对5根部分充填混凝土窄幅钢箱-混凝土简支组合梁试件和1根全充填混凝土试件进行了静力加载试验。试验结果表明：在负弯矩作用下,配筋率和剪力连接程度对窄幅钢箱-混凝土组合梁的受力性能影响显著,配筋率从1%增加到2%,承载力提高22%;剪力连接度从0.75增加到1.25,承载力提高13%。半充填和全充填混凝土对窄幅钢箱-混凝土组合梁试件的承载力和刚度影响很小。充填混凝土对钢箱梁的屈曲约束作用明显,所有试件最终破坏时均未发生内凹屈曲。由于充填混凝土有效地限制钢箱变形,从而提高了组合梁的承载力和结构的稳定性。基于简化塑性理论提出了部分充填混凝土窄幅钢箱-混凝土组合梁的承载力计算方法,且计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

Experimental investigation of the influence of steel joints upon the flexural capacity of precast concrete columns

In previous studies, the authors have shown that successful modular construction depends on using the correct types of joint connections. In this experimental study, steel beam–column joint connections were shown to be very efficient in facilitating the construction of modular frames while ensuring sufficient flexural moment capacity at the joints to resist lateral loads. This research also included an investigation of the behavior, the crack pattern, and the flexural moment capacity of concrete columns with hybrid composite joints by means of structural experiments on three specimens. Three column specimens were subjected to cyclic loading under displacement control using an oil jack. The influence of including steel sections at the beam–column joint upon the flexural moment capacity of the column was studied, and the use of concrete–steel hybrid composite joints was found to increase the flexural structural performance of the concrete columns. The flexural moment capacity in the maximum load limit state of a concrete column with steel joints was 43.2% greater than that of a conventional reinforced concrete column without steel joints. The steel section in the joint was found to greatly contribute to the flexural moment capacity and to the modular construction technologies.     

Experiments on the residual load-bearing capacity of prestressed confined concrete columns

This paper is an experimental study of the prestressed external confinement (as opposed to the unstressed external confinement) of concrete compression members as a means of influencing load-deformation behaviour and residual capacity. Residual capacity is understood to be the load which can be absorbed in the event of ineffective or removed external confinement by a column which has previously been subjected to high loading in a confined state. The prestress and tensile stiffness of the confinement, as well as the loads on the confined system, were systematically varied in order to evaluate influences on residual capacity. 45 cylindrical confined specimens, as well as reference specimens, were subjected to concentric and eccentric, single and cyclic loading. The experiments confirmed the beneficial influence of confinement prestressing on concrete residual capacity. Prestressed confinement proved to be particularly effective in the case of cyclic loading and low confinement modulus, especially when compared to the unstressed variant. Analysis of the experimental results goes on to show that safety considerations are indispensable in the case of ineffective unstressed external confinement.     

Performance of RC columns with debonded bars subjected to cyclic lateral loading

Concrete columns with light confinement reinforcement subjected to cyclic lateral load exhibit brittle shear failure along with flexural yielding of longitudinal steel reinforcement bars. The present study investigates the effect of debonding of longitudinal bars on the performance of columns under lateral loading. Column specimens were tested under quasi‐static reverse cyclic lateral loading. A comparative study has been carried out on the performance of columns with and without debonding using circular steel tubes of varying lengths. Steel tubes were provided to the longitudinal reinforcement in the potential plastic hinge zone. It is observed that the specimens with debonded reinforcement have significant enhancement in deformation capacity, ductility and energy dissipation capacity than the specimens without it. The congestion of reinforcement at the joints can also be eliminated by reducing the confining reinforcement for these debonded specimens. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

碳纤维布约束对锈蚀钢筋与混凝土间粘结性能的影响

通过外加电流加速锈蚀法获取锈蚀钢筋混凝土试件,采用横向粘贴碳纤维布的方法进行加固,设计并制作了未加固锈蚀试件、先锈蚀后加固和先加固后锈蚀三组22个试件。考虑保护层厚度、加固前或加固后的钢筋锈蚀率等因素,通过拉拔试验研究了碳纤维布约束对锈蚀钢筋与混凝土间粘结性能的影响。分析结果表明,碳纤维布的约束作用能显著提高锈蚀后钢筋与混凝土间的粘结性能,试件破坏模式由混凝土劈裂破坏向钢筋拔出破坏转变。未加固锈蚀试件极限粘结强度随着锈蚀的发展而降低;锈蚀试件采用碳纤维布加固后,由于保护层的劈裂受到约束,极限粘结强度显著提高;由于碳纤维布对锈胀力和保护层劈裂的双重约束作用,先加固后锈蚀试件的极限粘结强度随着锈蚀的发展而增大,且比同等锈蚀率的先锈蚀后加固试件更为显著。根据试验结果分别建立了不同约束条件下锈蚀钢筋与混凝土间极限粘结强度的计算模型。     

GFRP筋钢纤维高强轻骨料混凝土梁受弯性能试验研究

完成了9根配GFRP筋和1根配钢筋的高强轻骨料混凝土梁受弯性能试验,观察其破坏过程与破坏形态,分析了纤维掺量、纵筋类型、配筋率及纵筋直径等参数对试件承载能力、弯矩-跨中挠度曲线、裂缝宽度等受弯性能的影响,采用美国ACI 440.1R-15、中国GB 50608—2010和加拿大CSA S806-12、ISIS-M03-07等规范中的建议模型,通过开裂弯矩、承载力、挠度和裂缝宽度等参数评估了各国规范对该类构件的适用性。结果表明：随配筋率的增大,试件破坏模式依次表现为受拉破坏、平衡破坏和受压破坏,受压区破坏面贯穿骨料内部,较为光滑;掺入钢纤维能够有效抑制混凝土裂缝开展,延缓构件刚度退化,使开裂弯矩平均提高51.71%,承载力平均提高22.10%;增大GFRP筋配筋率能够提高构件刚度,但GFRP筋直径变化对试件变形及裂缝宽度无显著影响;GFRP筋梁开裂后刚度退化较配钢筋的对比试件迅速。各国规范计算结果表明：受拉破坏试件承载力计算结果较离散,且均偏于不安全;对于平衡破坏和受压破坏的试件预测结果均偏于保守,有足够安全储备。考虑轻骨料和钢纤维对构件刚度退化规律的影响,修正有效惯性矩并给出建议挠度计算模型,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

Novel empirical model for predicting residual flexural capacity of corroded steel reinforced concrete beam

In this study, a total of 177 flexural experimental tests of corroded reinforced concrete (CRC) beams were collected from the published literature. The database of flexural capacity of CRC beam was established by using unified and standardized experimental data. Through this database, the effects of various parameters on the flexural capacity of CRC beams were discussed, including beam width, the effective height of beam section, ratio of strength between longitudinal reinforcement and concrete, concrete compressive strength, and longitudinal reinforcement corrosion ratio. The results indicate that the corrosion of longitudinal reinforcement has the greatest effect on the residual flexural capacity of CRC beams, while other parameters have much less effect. In addition, six available empirical models for calculating the residual flexural strength of CRC beams were also collected and compared with each other based on the established database. It indicates that though five of six existing empirical models underestimate the flexural capacity of CRC beams, there is one model overestimating the flexural capacity. Finally, a newly developed empirical model is proposed to provide accurate and effective predictions in a large range of corrosion ratio for safety assessment of flexural failure of CRC beams confirmed by the comparisons.     

Analysis of stiffness and flexural strength of a reinforced concrete beam using an invented reinforcement system

In this study, we conducted experimental tests on two specimens of reinforced concrete beams using a three-point bending test to optimize the flexure and stiffness designs. The first specimen is a reinforced concrete beam with an ordinary reinforcement, and the second specimen has an invented reinforcement system that consists of an ordinary reinforcement in addition to three additional bracings using steel bars and steel plates. The results of the flexure test were collected and analyzed, and the flexural strength, the rate of damage during bending, and the stiffness were determined. Finite element modeling was applied for both specimens using the LS-DYNA program, and the simulation results of the flexure test for the same outputs were determined. The results of the experimental tests showed that the flexural strength of the invented reinforcement system was significantly enhanced by 15.5% compared to the ordinary system. Moreover, the flexural cracks decreased to a significant extent, manifesting extremely small and narrow cracks in the flexure spread along the bottom face of the concrete. In addition, the maximum deflection for the invented reinforced concrete beam decreased to 1/3 compared to that of an ordinary reinforced concrete beam. The results were verified through numerical simulations, which demonstrated excellent similarities between the flexural failure and the stiffness of the beam. The invented reinforcement system exhibited a high capability in boosting the flexure design and stiffness.