人参皂甙对人骨髓造血干细胞的增殖作用

目的：探讨人参皂甙（ＣＳ）对人骨髓ＣＤ３４＾＋造血干细胞的增殖作用。方法：采用Ｄｙｎａｌ Ｍ４５０ ＣＥ３４＾＋免疫磁珠分离法阳性选择获取高纯度的人骨髓ＣＳ３４＾＋造血干细胞,应用多向细胞（ＣＦＵ－Ｍｉｘ）体外培养技术,观察ＣＤ３４＾＋造血干细胞对ＣＳ的敏感性。结果：１经Ｄｙｎａｌ Ｍ０４５０ＣＤ３４＾＋免疫磁珠分离获得骨３髓ＣＤ３４＾＋细胞占骨髓单个核细胞（ＭＮＣ）的０．５２－１．３０％,Ｃ３４     

脐血CD34^＋细胞体外扩增的研究

采用ＤｙｎａｌＭ－４５０ＣＤ＿（３４）免疫磁珠分离纯化脐血ＣＤ＿（３４）￣＋细胞，并探讨了不同细胞因子［干细胞因子（ＳＣＦ）、白细胞介素６（ＩＬ－６）、白细胞介素３（ＩＬ－３）及红细胞生成素（Ｅｐｏ）］组合对脐血ＣＤ＿（３４）￣＋细胞的体外培养和扩增作用。结果表明：①经ＤｙｎａｌＭ－４５０ＣＤ＿（３４）免疫磁珠分离的脐血ＣＤ＿（３４）￣＋细胞，其纯度达８５％～。９５％；②甲基纤维素培养体系中，在不同组合的细胞因子作用下，脐血ＣＤ＿（３４）￣＋细胞的集落产率明显不同，单用ＩＬ－６最低，ＳＣＦ、ＩＬ－６、ＩＬ－３及Ｅｐｏ联用产率最高；③在低氧液体培养体系中，ＩＬ－６和ＩＬ６＋Ｅｐｏ不能有效地扩增脐血ＣＤ＿（３４）￣＋细胞，而其它细胞因子组合均可产生明显的扩增作用；其中加Ｅｐｏ的组合扩增效果显著高于无Ｅｐｏ的相应组合。脐血ＣＤ＿（３４）￣＋细胞分离、纯化及其体外扩增的研究对于脐血造血细胞库的建立，脐血造血细胞移植和基因导入的研究均具有重要意义。     

利用吸附单克隆抗体－磁珠分离系统分离CD_(34)~ 造血祖细胞

利用吸附单克隆抗体－磁珠分离系统分离ＣＤ_(34)~ 造血祖细胞裴雪涛，吴祖泽ＬＨＣｏｕｔｉｎｈｏ，ＮＧＴｅｓｔａ，ＴＭＤｅｘｔｅｒ造血于祖细胞的纯化在造血细胞增殖分化的基础及临床研究中具有十分重要的意义。细胞表面的ＣＤ＿（３４）抗原则是其纯化的主要标志。?..     

阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症患者骨髓正常及异常造血细胞增殖及生存特性初探

目的：探讨阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症（ＰＮＨ）患者正常及异常造血细胞的增殖及生存特性。方法：用ＣＤ５９单抗及羊抗鼠ＩｇＧ免疫磁珠将６例患者骨髓单个核细胞（ＢＭＭＮＣ）分选为ＣＤ５９＋及ＣＤ５９－两群，分别进行体外培养并与正常对照比较。结果：ＰＮＨ患者ＣＤ５９＋及ＣＤ５９－ＢＭＭＮＣ的体外增殖及生存能力均弱于正常ＢＭＭＮＣ；患者体内“正常”的ＣＤ５９＋ＢＭＭＮＣ生长能力反较异常的ＣＤ５９－细胞显著降低；患者ＣＤ５９＋细胞培养后出现ＣＤ５９抗原的丢失，正常对照则无此改变。结论：ＰＮＨ患者ＢＭＭＮＣ中ＣＤ５９－的异常造血细胞具有相对的生长优势，ＣＤ５９＋的ＢＭＭＮＣ并非真正“正常”，可能存在尚未明了的某种缺陷；ＰＮＨ发病机制复杂，异常细胞除可因ＰＩＧ－Ａ基因突变产生外，还可能因ＧＰＩ蛋白的丢失而产生。     

阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症患者骨髓正常及异常造血细胞增殖…

探讨阵发性睡眠性蛋白尿症患者正常及异常造血细胞增殖及生存特性。方法：用ＣＤ５９单抗及单抗鼠ＩｇＧ免疫磁珠将６例者骨髓单个核细胞分选为ＣＤ５９＾＋及ＣＤ５９＾－两群,分别进行体外培养并与正常对照比较。结果：ＰＮＨＡ患者ＣＤ５９＾＋及ＣＤ５９＾－ＢＭＭＮＣ的体外增殖及生存能力增弱于正常ＢＭＭＮＣ;     

应用密度梯度离心结合免疫磁珠法富集孕妇外周血中胎儿NRBC的实验研究

目的研究利用不连续密度梯度离心结合免疫磁珠方法,分选孕妇外周血中的胎儿有核红细胞(NRBC)。方法采集21名孕周在12-28周的孕妇外周血10ml,经不连续密度梯度离心后,再用免疫磁珠法分选和富集胎儿NRBC,同时对富集前后的孕妇外周血进行瑞氏染色和胎儿血红蛋白(fetal hemoglobin,HbF)特异性抗体标记、识别。结果未经分选、富集,21名孕妇外周血有核细胞层涂片经瑞氏染色检查均未发现NRBC;梯度离心富集后21名孕妇中有11例外周血有核细胞涂片找到1～8个NRBC;再经免疫磁珠分离后有12例涂片发现1～7个NRBC,同时进行HbF特异性抗体标记,证实其NRBC阳性涂片中均存在胎源性NRBC。结论本研究初步建立了分选、富集胎儿NRBC的实验方法,通过进一步的方法学改进,有望用于产前基因筛查的研究。     

应用密度梯度离心结合免疫磁珠法富集孕妇外周血中胎儿NRBC的实验研究

目的 研究利用不连续密度梯度离心结合免疫磁珠方法,分选孕妇外周血中的胎儿有核红细胞(NRBC).方法 采集21名孕周在12-28周的孕妇外周血10ml,经不连续密度梯度离心后,再用免疫磁珠法分选和富集胎儿NRBC,同时对富集前后的孕妇外周血进行瑞氏染色和胎儿血红蛋白(fetal hemoglobin,HbF)特异性抗体标记、识别.结果 未经分选、富集,21名孕妇外周血有核细胞层涂片经瑞氏染色检查均未发现NRBC;梯度离心富集后21名孕妇中有11例外周血有核细胞涂片找到1～8个NRBC;再经免疫磁珠分离后有12例涂片发现1～7个NRBC,同时进行HbF特异性抗体标记,证实其NRBC阳性涂片中均存在胎源性NRBC.结论 本研究初步建立了分选、富集胎儿NRBC的实验方法,通过进一步的方法学改进,有望用于产前基因筛查的研究.     

抗嗜中性粒细胞胞浆抗体的酶免疫染色法

抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体（ａｎｔｉ－ｎｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｉｌｃｙｔｏｐｌａｓｍａｎｔｉｂｏｄｙ，ＡＮＣＡ）与血管炎性疾病相关，在Ｗｅｇｅｎｅｒ肉芽肿病、肾脏病、结缔组织病等中有较高的诊断价值。ＡＮＣＡ检测方法常用的有间接免疫荧光法（ＩＦ法）、免疫印迹法等，均...     

CD^＋34干／祖细胞与纤维连接蛋白的粘附在慢性粒细胞白血？…

探讨ＣＤ＾＋３４干／祖细胞与纤维连接蛋白（ＦＮ）的粘附在慢性粒细胞白血病（ＣＭＬ）发病中的作用。方法①采用细胞术双标记法检测初治ＣＭＬ慢性期３０例正常骨髓１０份ＣＤ＾＋３４细胞上整合素β１链（ＣＤ２９）和α４链（ＣＤ４９ｄ）的表达;②结晶紫染色法观察免疫磁珠分选的ＣＭＬ慢性期５例和５名正常人骨髓ＣＤ＾＋３４细胞ＦＮ的粘附功能;③极限稀释液体微培养观察ＦＮ对正常和ＣＭＬ慢性期骨髓粒细胞－巨噬细胞祖细     

恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的免疫组化研究

本文用１２种抗体对２５例恶性纤维组织细胞瘤（ＭＦＨ）作免疫组化标记，结果３种ＭＦＨ细胞ＰＣＮＡ，Ｖｉｍｅｎｔｉｎ均阳性，组织细胞样ＭＦＨ细胞和少数纤维母细胞样ＭＦＨ细胞并呈ＣＤ６８（ＫＰ－１和ＰＧ－Ｍ１）阳性，除３例外，ＭＦＨ细胞对肌源性标记，神经源性标记和上皮性标记均阴性。破骨细胞样巨细胞ＰＣＮＡ阴性，ＣＤ６８阳性，多顿氏巨细胞ＰＣＮＡ阴性，ＣＤ６８，Ｍａｃ３８７，ｌｙｓｏｚｙｍｅ，ａ－ＡＴ呈不     

应用流式细胞术从孕妇外周血分选胎儿有核红细胞并进行DYS14基因扩增与检测

目的 从孕妇外周血分选胎儿有核红细胞，对DYS基因进行扩增，并对扩增准确率进行分析。方法 应用流式细胞术(flow cytometry，FCM)从孕妇外周血分选胎儿有核红细胞(Nucleated red blood cells，NRBCs)，应用套式PCR特异性扩增DYSl4基因，琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测。结果 30例受检中：共有男婴18例，有核红细胞组DYSl4基因的检出率为50．0％(9／18)。结论 NRBCs分选技术的建立使非创伤性产前基因诊断成为可能，但如何进一步改进方法提高分选率，确保诊断的灵敏性，降低漏诊率，仍是需要进一步解决和完善的问题。     

引物延伸预扩增后STR分型在鉴定母血中胎儿有核红细胞的应用

目的 探讨一种鉴定母血中胎儿有核红细胞（NRBC）的方法，为无创性产前基因诊断创造必要条件。方法 联苯胺染色识别孕妇外周血中NRBC，经显微操作获取，并以引物延伸预扩增（PEP）对单个NRBC进行全基凶组扩增后，用短串联重复序列（STR）分析其基因型，与父母基因型比对，确定该细胞的来源。结果 28例轻型β地中海贫血孕妇外周血样本中每例发现NRBC4～13个／5ml，经鉴定每例有胎儿NRBC2～8个／5ml，约43．6％的NRBC来源于胎儿。结论 PEP后STR基因型分析能有效鉴定孕妇外周血中NRBC的来源，使应用单个胎儿NRBC进行产前基因诊断成为可能。     

Development, characterization, and use of monoclonal antibodies made to antigens expressed on the surface of fetal nucleated red blood cells.

BACKGROUND: Current methods for obtaining fetal cells for prenatal diagnosis are invasive and carry a small (0.5-1.0%) but definite risk of miscarriage. An attractive alternative would be isolation of fetal cells from peripheral maternal blood using antibodies with high specificity and avidity. METHODS: To generate antibodies, we purified nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) from fetal livers and used them as the immunogen to generate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against surface antigens. RESULTS: The four antibodies recognized at least two conformationally sensitive epitopes of the transferrin receptor. Isolation of NRBCs from 252 maternal blood samples using these antibodies in magnetic activated cell sorting after an initial density gradient centrifugation yielded 0-419 NRBCs per 25 mL of maternal blood. One antibody, 2B7.4, not only isolated the highest number of NRBCs (>10 in 90% of the samples) but also isolated these NRBCs in 78 consecutive maternal samples. CONCLUSION: Antibody 2B7.4 shows promise for the isolation of NRBCs from maternal blood and should allow studies concerning the source of these cells, fetal vs maternal, and the factors controlling their prevalence.     

A new methodology of fetal stem cell isolation, purification, and expansion: preliminary results for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis

We developed a combined methodological approach to enrich and to proliferate in vitro fetal CD34+ stem progenitor cells. Using a magnetic cell-sorting technique, CD34+ cells from pregnant women at the early-second trimester were isolated and enriched and compared to those isolated from blood of nonpregnant women. The number and frequency of CD34+ cells were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the pregnant women. Unenriched peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and enriched CD34+ cells were cultured in a methylcellulose system to evaluate the cloning potential of progenitor cells. After culture, the numbers of burst-forming units erythroid/colony-forming units erythroid (BFU-E/CFU-E) and colony-forming units granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) colonies were increased by 33 and 16 times, respectively. Finally, to distinguish between fetal and maternal cells, four cases of cultured cells were hybridized with specific probes for X and Y chromosomes and two cases with a specific probe for chromosome 21. In normal pregnancies, we identified a high number of male fetal cells and an elevated fetal/maternal ratio. When we analyzed blood samples from pregnancies with trisomic fetuses, we scored a high ratio of trisomic cells respect to maternal cells that was significantly different from the ratio of pregnancies with normal fetuses. Our results demonstrate fetal progenitor cells may be cultured and detected successfully with an appropriate combined methodological approach, which may significantly increase the feasibility of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis.     

Prospective flow cytometric evaluation of nucleated red blood cells in cord blood units and relationship with nucleated and CD34(+) cell quantification

BACKGROUND: Cord blood (CB) represents an alternate source of stem cells in transplantation. Nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) are a physiological subset of CB population. Although it is important to have an accurate estimate of CD34(+) cell number, NRBCs could compromise white blood cell count and interfere with CD34(+) cell quantification. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 826 CB units were analyzed for total nucleated cells (TNCs), NRBCs, and CD34(+) cells by flow cytometry. NRBCs were also counted conventionally by manual microscopy. Percentages of CD34(+) cells corrected by NRBC count (CD34+c) were determined as follows: %CD34+c = CD34(+)/CD45(+) (x10(6))/(TNCs (x10(8)) - NRBCs (x10(8))). RESULTS: The mean percentages of CD34+ cells and NRBCs were 0.27 percent (range, 0.01%-1.25%) and 7.64 percent (range, 0.13%-84%), respectively. Comparison between flow cytometric and microscopic NRBC count showed a regression of y = 0.685 + 0.719x and a coefficient of determination of r(2) = 0.721. When corrected with NRBC count, the mean percentage of CD34(+) c cells was 0.295 percent (p = 0.0008 compared with CD34(+)%) and mean TNCc count was 14.8 x 10(8) (p < 10(-4) compared to TNC count). CONCLUSION: The determination of NRBCs with a flow cytometric method might represent a new strategy for providing satisfactory quality assurance controls of CB products.     

利用孕妇外周血中胎儿有核红细胞行无创产前性别诊断的初步研究

目的建立一种利用孕妇外周血中分选出的胎儿有核红细胞（FNRBC）进行无创伤性产前诊断的有效方法。方法收集5例妊娠7～9周的人流妇女的绒毛及外周血20ml,采用抗-CD45和抗ε链双标细胞,流式细胞仪分选CD45dim的细胞经显微挑选出ε-链免疫荧光抗体阳性的胎儿有核红细胞,再采用单细胞多重置换扩增技术（MDA）进行全基因组扩增,以扩增产物为模板,常规PCR检测Alphoid基因片段,确定胎儿性别,与绒毛PCR结果比较。结果抗-ε链、抗-CD45双标记的5例标本流式分选CD45dim细胞后,所有标本均观察到血红蛋白ε链阳性细胞。怀有2例男性和1例女性孕妇的外周血分选出的阳性细胞经MDA和PCRAlphoid基因片段扩增,显示1例全基因组扩增失败;1例诊断为男胎,1例为女性,与绒毛PCR性别检测结果完全符合。结论ε-抗体、CD45双标的CD45dim细胞经流式分选后结合显微操作技术从母血中挑选出ε-血红蛋白阳性细胞,经全基因组扩增可以有效获取足够量的研究模板,保证后续分析的准确性,可应用于性连锁遗传疾病的无创性产前诊断。     

Use of maternal plasma for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal ABO genotypes.

BACKGROUND: Measurement of free fetal DNA in maternal plasma opened a door for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal ABO genotypes can provide a basis for the prevention and therapy of maternal-fetal incompatibility. We identified fetal ABO genotypes using fetal DNA in plasma from pregnant women with blood group O. The aim of the study was to investigate the accuracy and feasibility of this method. METHODS: A total of 105 blood group O women in middle or late pregnancy were enrolled. Fetal DNA in maternal plasma and genomic DNA in umbilical vein blood from newborns were extracted using a QIAamp DNA Blood Kit. DNA was amplified to identify ABO genotypes by PCR with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). The genotype results were evaluated using serologic tests for ABO phenotyping. RESULTS: Using DNA from umbilical vein blood, ABO genotypes of 105 newborns were successfully identified by PCR-SSP. Using fetal DNA from maternal plasma, 88.6% (93/105) fetal ABO genotypes was correct; 12 false results were from 66 pregnant women with fetuses of type non-O. The accuracy in middle pregnancy was lower than that in late pregnancy, although the difference was not significant (0.05相似文献   

应用新型抗胎儿血红蛋白抗体富集母体循环中胎儿有核红细胞

目的 利用多肽合成技术制备抗胎儿血红蛋白(fetal hem-oglobin,HBF)γ链的抗体,探讨其用于检测孕妇外周血中胎儿有核红细胞(nucleated red blood cell,NRBC)进行无创性产前基因诊断的可行性.方法 针对胎儿血红蛋白的特异性抗原表位,选定第69～78位HbF-γ特异的11个氨基酸残基的肽段为免疫原,将人工合成的胎儿血红蛋白γ链的多肽与载体蛋白(KLH)偶联,佐剂乳化后免疫羊,制备羊抗人胎儿血红蛋白的抗血清,经蛋白G纯化,HbF特异性抗体标记、识别、显微操作法富集32例孕周为22～39周的孕妇外周血中的胎儿有核红细胞,引物延伸预扩增后,利用9个短串联重复序列(short tandem repeat,STR)的复合扩增方法对富集的阳性细胞进行扩增,用于孕妇外周血中富集的HbF阳性细胞胎儿来源的遗传学鉴定.结果 经HbF多克隆抗体标记,32名孕妇外周血中均发现与HbF呈阳性反应的胎儿NRBC,并具有鲜明的形态学特征,光学显微镜下可见NRBC细胞质呈棕黄色,核浆比例较低,苏木素复染后胞核呈蓝色,明显区别于其他细胞,每份样本出现NRBC 0.6～1.8个/ml,共计183个,平均为1.3个/ml,经STR多态性基因位点鉴定,准确率为90.6%.结论 利用多肽合成技术制备的抗胎儿血红蛋白γ链的抗体能有效识别母血中的胎儿有核红细胞,可应用于无创性产前基因诊断,具备良好的应用前景.     

对142例β地中海贫血基因携带者进行缺失型α地中海贫血1基因分析

目的了解广东地区常见的β地中海贫血（地贫）与α地贫１复合存在的发生率。方法应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术对１４２例经筛查确定为轻型β地贫的成人血样ＤＮＡ进行α地贫１基因检测,阳性者又应用突变引物ＰＣＲ特异扩增或用等位基因特异寡核苷酸探针反向点杂交（ＡＳＯ／ＲＤＢ）技术,确定其β地贫基因突变类型。结果１４２例中有１３例轻型β地贫样本同时合并有α地贫１基因,占总数的９１５％,其β地贫基因的突变类型分别是：ＣＤ４１４２（－ＴＣＴＴ）突变５例,ＩＶＳ２６５４（Ｃ→Ｔ）突变３例,ＣＤ１７（Ａ→Ｔ）突变２例,ＣＤ７１７２（＋Ａ）、ＣＤ４３（Ｇ→Ｔ）和－２８（Ａ→Ｇ）突变各１例。结论β地贫复合α地贫１的双重杂合子在轻型β地贫个体中的发生率较高,是该地区在地贫的遗传咨询和产前诊断工作中值得重视的一个问题。     

Diagnosis of trisomy 21 in fetal nucleated erythrocytes from maternal blood by use of short tandem repeat sequences

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine whether aneuploid fetal nucleated erythrocytes (NRBCs) could be detected in maternal blood through the use of fluorescent PCR amplification with polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) markers as an alternative or complementary method to analysis by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were obtained from women who had just undergone termination of pregnancy because of fetal trisomy 21 (three cases, 47,XY,+21; four cases, 47,XX,+21). Candidate fetal cells were isolated by flow-sorting by antibodies to the gamma chain of fetal hemoglobin and Hoechst 33342. FISH analysis was performed by the use of chromosome-specific probes for X, Y, and 21. Fetal NRBCs, as defined by the presence of gamma staining, characteristic morphology, and three chromosome 21 signals, along with maternal leukocytes, defined as gamma negative and two chromosome 21 signals, were micromanipulated separately and subjected to fluorescent PCR amplification of chromosome 21 STR markers (D21S11, D21S1411, and/or D21S1412). RESULTS: In five of seven cases analyzed, fetal NRBCs were aneuploid, as determined by the presence of triallelic or diallelic peaks of chromosome 21 sequences when compared with sequences from the maternal leukocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Fluorescent PCR amplification of STRs can detect fetal aneuploidy and may be useful in the setting of poor hybridization efficiency with FISH analysis. These results suggest that combined fetal aneuploidy and single-gene diagnoses by the use of DNA microarrays may be feasible in the near future.