PVC/PUR-T/SEBS-g-MAH三元共混物性能研究

以马来酸酐接枝氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS-g-MAH)作为聚氯乙烯(PVC)/热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(PUR-T)共混体系的增容剂,对不同配比的PVC/PUR-T/SEBS-g-MAH共混体系的物理力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,SEBS-g-MAH对PVC/PUR-T共混体系起到了明显的增容作用,当SEBS-g-MAH用量为6份时,PVC/PUR-T/SEBS-g-MAH共混物具有较好的力学性能。     

HYBRAR对PP结晶形态和性能的影响

采用熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯（PP）和两种牌号的高性能热塑性弹性体HYBRAR的共混物。通过观察共混物的结晶形态，研究共混物结晶性能以及测试共混物的透光率，结果表明：加入HYBRAR后，PP的主要晶型（α晶）不变，结晶温度升高，同时结晶尺寸变小，结晶度显著提高；PP／HYBRAR7125共混体系的结晶速率呈现不规律变化，而PP／HYBRAR7311体系则先降低再升高；加入HYBRAR后，PP的透光率明显提高。     

高性能热塑性弹性体HYBRAR对PP性能的影响

用熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯（PP）和两种牌号的高性能热塑性弹性体HYBRAR的共混物，其中HYBRAR的质量分数分别为0％、5％、10％、15％和20％。通过简支梁冲击和拉伸实验对共混体系的力学性能进行了表征，并用热重分析仪（TGA）测试了体系的热稳定性。结果表明：共混体系的冲击强度和断裂伸长率随着HYBRAR用量的增加大幅度提高，而拉伸强度则先降低后增加，HYBRAR7311的增韧效果比HYBRAR7125好；HYBRAR7125使PP的热稳定性发生不规律变化，而HYBRAR7311使PP的热稳定性先增加后降低。     

SEBS增韧PVDF的研究

采用不同结构热塑性弹性体苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯(SEBS)作为增韧剂添加到聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)中以提高韧性;并探索两种相容剂聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)和苯乙烯-(乙烯-丁烯)-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物接枝马来酸酐(SEBS-g-MAH)对PVDF/SEBS共混体系物理机械性能的影响。结果表明,线型结构的SEBS有利于提高PVDF的拉伸韧性,相容剂SEBS-g-MAH有助于进一步提高拉伸韧性,其用量在1%时共混体系的断裂伸长率达到最大值。     

高韧性聚乳酸/弹性体共混材料结构与性能研究

通过熔融挤出-热拉伸-淬冷方法制备了不同马来酸酐接枝苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SEBS-g-MAH)含量的聚乳酸(PLA)/SEBS-g-MAH共混材料。通过熔体流动速率测定仪、扫描电镜、转矩流变仪等研究SEBSg-MAH含量对共混材料加工稳定性、相容性、流变行为及力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:PLA中加入热塑性弹性体SEBS-g-MAH时,两相具有一定的相容性;共混材料流动性增大,加工稳定性得到提升。力学性能测试结果表明:随着SEBS-g-MAH含量的增加,共混材料的缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率都呈现先增大后减小的趋势,SEBS-g-MAH加入量为15%时,共混材料缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率分别达到最大值5.67k J/m2和20.51%,较纯PLA分别增加了78%和137%。     

SEBS—g-MAH增韧聚苯硫醚性能研究

采用熔融挤出法制备了聚苯硫醚(PPS)与马来酸酐接枝苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚弹性体(SEBS-g-MAH)的共混物,并考察了共混物的热行为、力学性能、相形态及增韧机理.结果表明,两组分的玻璃化温度有相互靠近的趋势,显示PPS和SEBS-g-MAH部分相容;随着SEBS-g-MAH用量增加,共混物的韧性得到很好的提高,当SEBS-g-MAH的质量分数为30%时,其冲击强度达到7.5 kJ/m2.PPS/SEBS-g-MAH/Kevlar纤维共混体系中,SEBS-g-MAH既可以作为增韧剂,又可以作为两相相容剂来提高PPS基体和Kevlar纤维的界面黏结能力,使共混物达到增强增韧的效果.     

PP/HYBRAR共混物非等温结晶动力学的研究

采用熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯/苯乙烯热塑性弹性体(PP/HYBRAR)共混物,利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了PP和PP/HYBRAR的非等温结晶动力学,通过Jeziorny法、Ozawa法和Mo法分析了非等温结晶数据。结果表明:Jeziorny法和Mo法适用于描述PP及PP/HYBRAR的非等温结晶过程,而Ozawa法则不适用;Jeziorny法求得的参数n和Z随降温速率的增加而增加,PP/HYBRAR共混c物的n和Z均大于PP;Mo法求得的参数F(T)随结晶度的增加而增加,PP的F(T)大于PP/HYBRAR;由c Kissinger法计算的PP和PP/HYBRAR之活化能分别是185 86.k J/mol、239 56.k J/mol。     

SEBS-g-MAH对PC/PBT共混物性能影响

利用双螺杆挤出机制备聚碳酸酯(PC)/聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)/马来酸酐接枝氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SEBS-g-MAH)的共混物.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、平板流变仪研究了SEBS-g-MAH对PC/PBT共混物的机械性能、断面形态结构、动态力学行为的影响.结果表明:SEBS-g-MAH提高了PC/PBT共混物的相容性,随着SEBS-g-MAH用量的增加,共混物的缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率上升,拉伸强度和弯曲强度下降.当SEBS-g-MAH质量分数为5%时共混物的综合性能最佳,同时,SEBS-g-MAH的加入.并未对PC/PBT共混物的成型加工性能产生不良影响.     

PVC/CPE/SEBS-g-MAH三元共混物的制备及性能研究

采用机械共混法制备了聚氯乙烯/氯化聚乙烯/苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(PVC/CPE/SEBS-g-MAH)三元共混物,利用扫描电镜、差示扫描量热仪和力学性能测试等方法研究了共混物的结构和性能,探讨了SEBS-g-MAH对共混物力学性能的影响。结果表明:CPE用量为3份、SEBS-g-MAH用量为6份时,CPE与SEBS-g-MAH协同增韧效果最显著,此时共混物的相容性最佳,综合力学性能较好。     

SEBS-g-MAH增韧聚乳酸的性能研究

采用哈克密炼机制备了聚乳酸(PLA)与马来酸酐接枝苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚弹性体(SEBS-g-MAH)的共混物,并对共混物的力学性能、流变性能和微观结构进行了分析。结果表明,共混物的拉伸强度随着SEBS-g-MAH含量的增加而下降,断裂伸长率随着SEBS-g-MAH含量的增加而增大。当SEBS-g-MAH的含量为30 %时,共混物的冲击强度提高了2.5倍,共混物的韧性得到提高。随着SEBS-g-MAH含量的增加,PLA熔体黏度的变化趋势与SEBS-g-MAH越来越相似,即熔体黏度随着频率的增大而下降。扫描电镜分析表明,MAH基团改善了两相间的界面作用,增韧作用明显。     

Compact Swelling in Bi1.4Pb0.6Sr2Ca2Cu3.6Oy During the Formation of High-Tc Superconducting Phase

Compact swelling in Pb-doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor has been studied by observing the effects of the size of calcined powders, volatilization of materials, and sintering of high- T _c (2223) powders. The bulk density increases at the early stage of sintering, for about 20 h, and then decreases. Densification occurs when the low- T _c (2212) phase and a liquid phase exist, whereas dedensification occurs with the formation of the 2223 phase regardless of the presence of the liquid. Gas evolution from specimens does not appear to be responsible for compact swelling. Compact swelling is explained by anisotropic growth of thin, platelike 2223 grains in random orientation. When 2223 grains grow in a preferred direction, compact swelling is suppressed.     

Synthetic routes to nanoscale BxCyNz architectures

B_xC_yN_z nanoscale materials, hybrids of h-BN and graphite, have been recently synthesised using various techniques. Here, we present the latest advances in the synthesis and characterisation of B-C-N nanotubes and nanofibres. In particular, we focus on layered BC₂N, BN, BC and CN_x systems, reviewing their production methods as well as their structural and electronic properties. These materials may find important applications in the fabrication of nanotransistors, robust nanocomposites, conducting polymers, storage components and field emission sources.     

Preparation and properties of poly(Nε,Nε-dicarboxymethyl-l-lysine)

A new ampholytic homopolypeptide, $\text{poly}\text{(N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{,N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{-}\text{dicarboxy-methyl-}\text{l}\text{-lysine}\text{)}$, which has one tertiary amino and two carboxyl groups in the side chain has been derived from a hydrochloride salt of poly(L-lysine). The polymer in aqueous solution seems to be in the coil form with locally extended structure (LES) at neutral pH. In both the acidic and alkaline regions, the molar ellipticity of the polymer changes as a result of change in net charge on the side chain. The conformational changes may be from the coil with LES to other coiled forms. 5–7 M NaClO₄ and 80% aqueous methanol induce the α-helix in the polymer at neutral pH. Divalent cations, Cu²⁺ and Ca²⁺, do not induce any remarkably ordered structures such as α-helix or β-structure in the polymer in aqueous solution at any pH. Ultraviolet absorption studies show an absorption peak of the polymer-Cu²⁺ complex near 240 nm. Dependence of the peak intensity on pH at various q values ($\text{q =}\text{[}\text{Cu}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{]}\text{[}\text{residue}\text{]}$) indicates the two steps of the complex formation. At q less than 0.64, the formation is described only with the first step. An average coordination number for Cu²⁺ at the first step was calculated to be about 2 by the method of Mandel and Leyte. The association constant of Cu²⁺ with the residue at the step was determined from the absorption data to be far smaller than that for the Cu²⁺-EDTA complex. The second step of the formation occurs in the case of large q but the absorption data for the second step cannot be obtained exactly due to precipitation.     

Microwave Dielectric Properties of CaTiO3-CaAl1/2Nb1/2O3 Ceramics Doped with Li3NbO4

The microwave dielectric properties of CaTi_{1− x} (Al_1/2Nb_1/2) _x O₃ solid solutions (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) have been investigated. The sintered samples had perovskite structures similar to CaTiO₃. The substitution of Ti⁴⁺ by Al³⁺/Nb⁵⁺ improved the quality factor Q of the sintered specimens. A small addition of Li₃NbO₄ (about 1 wt%) was found to be very effective for lowering sintering temperature of ceramics from 1450–1500° to 1300°C. The composition with x = 0.5 sintered at 1300°C for 5 h revealed excellent dielectric properties, namely, a dielectric constant (ɛ_r) of 48, a Q × f value of 32 100 GHz, and a temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency (τ_f) of −2 ppm/K. Li₃NbO₄ as a sintering additive had no harmful influence on τ_f of ceramics.     

Structure Evolution from Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 to La(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3

The crystal structure of lanthanum-modified lead magnesium niobates having composition (Pb_{1− x} La _x ) (Mg_{(1+ x )/3}-Nb_{(2− x )/3})O₃ with X = 0 to 1 was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction. It was found that the fundamental reflections from perovskite structure remain in the whole range of composition. The superlattice reflections from the A(B'_1/2-B"_1/2)O₃ ordered structure are also well preserved for La content greater than 50 at.%; however, a series of extra peaks of mixing indices appears, with intensities gradually enhanced with the increase of La content. For the complete substitution of Pb by La, a splitting of some reflections can be observed in the diffraction pattern. The results indicate that the crystal structure evolves continuously with the La content, from disordered cubic perovskite of space group Pm 3 m for X = 0, to ordered cubic perovskite of space group Fm 3 m for X = 0.5, distorted cubic perovskite of space group Pa 3 for 0.5 < X < 0.9, and finally to a rhombohedral perovskite, possibly belonging to the space group R 3 , for X ≥ 0.9. In the evolution of structure, a linear reduction of the lattice constant of the perovskite cell from 4.048 to 3.964 Å was observed.     

(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3–Ba(Cu1/2W1/2)O3 Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics

(Bi_1/2Na_1/2)TiO₃ with 0–6 mol% Ba(Cu_1/2W_1/2)O₃ (BNT-BCW), a new member of the BNT-based group, has been prepared following the conventional mixed oxide route. The compacted bodies were sintered at 1130°C for 2 h to get dense ceramics. The addition of BCW into BNT ceramics facilitated the poling process because of a reduction in leakage current. 0.995BNT·0.005BCW ceramics exhibit a relatively high piezoelectric constant ( d ₃₃= 80 × 10⁻¹² C/N) and a relatively low dielectric loss (tan δ= 1.5%). Increased amount of BCW was found to increase the dielectric constant and loss of BNT-BCW ceramics and to suppress the grain growth. During sintering, some BCW diffuses into the lattice of BNT to form a solid solution and some remains on the grain boundaries.