右胸加上腹正中两切口食管癌根治术疗效观察

目的:观察经右胸、上腹正中切口,食管-胃右侧胸顶吻合术治疗中下段食管癌的疗效,探讨该术式的优势。方法:2006年6月-2011年6月经上腹正中、右胸两切口食管癌根治术治疗中、下段食管癌142例的吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄、食管切缘阳性以及淋巴结清扫情况进行回顾性分析。结果:根治性切除率95.5%,晚期病例根治切除率90.5%,无手术死亡,无吻合口瘘及狭窄,吻合口出血3例,1例发生胃小弯侧应激性溃疡出血并穿孔。淋巴结清扫846枚,转移淋巴结235枚,淋巴结转移率27.8%;其中锁骨下动脉旁淋巴结和喉返神经旁淋巴结86枚,转移淋巴结16枚,转移率18.6%。结论:经右胸、上腹正中切口行食管癌切除手术,具有手术野显露清楚,直视下吻合口可靠且无张力,肿瘤切除率高,淋巴结清扫较为彻底,保持隔肌完整性,患者术后咳嗽排痰容易,能够减少肺部并发症发生,值得临床推广使用。     

VATS辅助经腹食管癌切除术的临床应用研究

目的总结电视胸腔镜(VATS)辅助经腹食管癌切除术的手术操作方法和临床治疗经验。方法37例食管癌患者。食管癌位于胸上段2例,胸中段22例,胸下段13例;肿瘤长度2～6cm。病理学分期:T2N0M04例,T2N1M08例,T3N0M05例,T3N1M020例。均经左胸入路,采用VATS辅助经腹食管癌切除,食管胃颈部吻合术。结果34例顺利完成手术,1例术中因肿瘤严重外侵中转开胸手术治疗,2例因氧饱和度偏低,中转VATS下辅助小切口食管癌切除术。手术时间120～190min,平均138min;胸腔操作时间25～55min,平均37min。各例清扫淋巴结2～15个,共187个,29例发现转移淋巴结。全组无死亡病例,术后发生声音嘶哑及肺部感染各1例。结论VATS辅助经腹食管癌切除术经左胸入路,手术操作比较简单,胸腔操作省时,并发症少,适合T3N1M0期以下的食管癌,并能达到与常规开胸手术相同的切除效果。     

改良手术径路治疗进展期贲门癌的临床研究

我院胸外科1998年3月～2003年3月采用改良手术入路即上腹正中左胸前外侧分别切口近端胃大部或全胃切除、残胃或空肠食管主动脉弓下吻合术(同时行腹腔、下后纵隔选择性淋巴结清扫)治疗进展期贲门癌40例,与同期采用左胸腹联合径路治疗50例,左胸后外侧径路治疗40例作对照,观察改良手术径路的优越性,现报告如下.     

VATS辅助经腹食管癌切除术的临床应用研究

目的总结电视胸腔镜(VATS)辅助经腹食管癌切除术的手术操作方法和临床治疗经验。方法37例食管癌患者。食管癌位于胸上段2例，胸中段22例，胸下段13例；肿瘤长度2～6cm。病理学分期：T2N0M4例，T2N1M08例，T3N0M05例，T3N1M020例。均经左胸入路，采用VATS辅助经腹食管癌切除，食管胃颈部吻合术。结果34例顺利完成手术，1例术中因肿瘤严重外侵中转开胸手术治疗，2例因氧饱和度偏低，中转VATS下辅助小切口食管癌切除术。手术时间120～190min，平均138min；胸腔操作时间25～55min，平均37min。各例清扫淋巴结2～15个，共187个，29例发现转移淋巴结。全组无死亡病例，术后发生声音嘶哑及肺部感染各1例。结论VATS辅助经腹食管癌切除术经左胸入路，手术操作比较简单，胸腔操作省时，并发症少，适合T3N1M0期以下的食管癌，并能达到与常规开胸手术相同的切除效果。     

电视胸腔镜辅助下食管癌切除(附33例报告)

目的:总结电视胸腔镜辅助下(video-assisted thoraeoscopic surgery,VATS)食管癌切除的临床经验,评价VATS食管癌切除的近期效果.方法:回顾性分析我院1998年1月至2009年12月行VATS食管癌切除的33例临床资料.男21例,女12例;年龄37-83岁,平均65岁.肿瘤平均长度4.8cm,均为鳞状细胞癌.胸上段癌7例,胸中段癌13例,胸下段癌13例;TNM分期:T1 N0M0 5例,T1N1M0 8例,T2N0M0 10例,T2N1M0 8例,T3N1M02例.手术操作分三步:经右胸VATS游离食管肿瘤清扫淋巴结;经上腹部切口游离胃;颈部食管胃吻合.结果:33例均成功经VATS切除食管肿瘤.手术时间平均2.5h,其中VATS游离时间1.0h,胸腔出血量平均120ml,清扫淋巴结平均17.1个,其中胸部淋巴结8.6个.平均住院时间11.2d.术后发生心率失常2例,肺部感染5例,无死亡.结论:完全采用VATS对Ⅰ、Ⅱ期食管癌切除是可行的,近期手术效果较好.     

电视胸腔镜辅助下食管癌切除（附33例报告）

目的：总结电视胸腔镜辅助下（video-assisted thoraeoscopic surgery,VATS）食管癌切除的临床经验,评价VATS食管癌切除的近期效果.方法：回顾性分析我院1998年1月至2009年12月行VATS食管癌切除的33例临床资料.男21例,女12例;年龄37-83岁,平均65岁.肿瘤平均长度4.8cm,均为鳞状细胞癌.胸上段癌7例,胸中段癌13例,胸下段癌13例;TNM分期：T1 N0M0 5例,T1N1M0 8例,T2N0M0 10例,T2N1M0 8例,T3N1M02例.手术操作分三步：经右胸VATS游离食管肿瘤清扫淋巴结;经上腹部切口游离胃;颈部食管胃吻合.结果：33例均成功经VATS切除食管肿瘤.手术时间平均2.5h,其中VATS游离时间1.0h,胸腔出血量平均120ml,清扫淋巴结平均17.1个,其中胸部淋巴结8.6个.平均住院时间11.2d.术后发生心率失常2例,肺部感染5例,无死亡.结论：完全采用VATS对Ⅰ、Ⅱ期食管癌切除是可行的,近期手术效果较好.     

贲门癌侵犯食管下段经腹左胸前外侧小切口切除15例

 目的　探讨贲门癌侵及食管下段的手术径路。方法　对15例贲门癌侵犯食管下段的患者采用经腹左胸前外侧小切口径路完成贲门癌切除术。结果　本组近半胃切除9例、全胃切除4例、全胃合并脾脏及胰体尾切除2例,手术切除率100.0 %。术后病理检查肿瘤两切缘均无癌细胞残留,胸下段食管旁及膈上淋巴结阳性6例。术后并发肺部感染1例,无吻合口瘘发生。结论　经过改进后的手术切口能够较好克服常规手术切口的不足,在获得同等根治性肿瘤切除的前提下,具有损伤小、并发症少、恢复快等优点,是贲门癌侵犯食管下段病例的较好选择,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

上腹左胸两切口治疗贲门癌

目的探讨应用上腹左胸两切口行近端胃切除治疗贲门癌的临床经验。方法回顾性分析自1998年4月～2002年4月间采用上腹左胸两切口行贲门癌切除61例患者(两切口组)的临床资料,并与同期施行经左下胸贲门癌切除60例(左胸组)的生存率、淋巴结清扫及严重呼吸道并发症的发生率进行比较。结果两切口组的3年生存率显著高于左胸组(P<0.05);严重呼吸道并发症的发生率低于左胸组;两切口组术后平均每例腹腔淋巴结检查18.7枚,而左胸组仅为6.4枚,两组差异有显著性。结论对局限于贲门部且胃小弯受侵不超过13的贲门癌,建议采用上腹左胸两切口行近端胃切除及两野淋巴结清扫,可以提高手术的彻底性和降低并发症。     

右胸腹二切口治疗中、下段食管癌

目的　应用右胸腹二切口治疗中、下段食管癌。方法　自 1992年 12月至 1999年 6月 ,应用上腹、右胸二切口治疗中、下段食管癌 87例。全组病人均行食管钡餐检查 ,病变上缘均位于距门齿 2 8cm以下、长 2～ 9cm。先平卧位上腹正中切口开腹 ,游离胃大小网膜 ,清扫腹腔淋巴结。扩大膈食管裂孔 ,行幽门成形。改左侧卧位 ,右后外侧切口 ,经第五肋进胸。游离胸腔食管。结扎、切断奇静脉弓。整块切除食管周围组织 ,距胸顶 3cm处切断上端食管 ,在贲门处切断下端食管 ,封闭贲门。清扫纵隔淋巴结。低位结扎胸导管 ,食管 胃右胸顶吻合。结果　 87例中 1例术后病理残端阳性。 1例术后 2 4小时发生ARDS经呼吸机辅助呼吸等辅助治疗治愈。 1例术后 72小时出现急性心肌梗塞经抢救治愈。全组无手术死亡。无吻合口瘘、狭窄及胃食管返流。结论　上腹 右胸二切口适于中、下断食管癌的手术治疗。     

pT3期胸下段食管鳞癌术后选择性动脉化疗对远期生存的影响

目的:评价pT3期胸下段食管鳞癌根治术后选择性动脉灌注化疗对远期生存的影响.方法:1990年1月至1999年1月间进行根治性手术的pT3期胸下段食管鳞癌患者190例,分成实验组108例(T3N0M0 56例、T3N1M0 52例)和对照组82例(T3N0M0 48例、T3N0M0 34例),并分三次以下化疗组(56例)和三次以上化疗组(52例).实验组于术后3～4周腹腔动脉灌注顺铂 5-氟脲嘧啶,每4～6周一次,所有患者全部随访.结果:动脉灌注化疗组与对照组间远期生存无统计学差异,即使是有淋巴结转移组动脉化疗也不延长生存期,但3次以上动脉化疗可以延长生存期.结论:动脉灌注化疗对pT3期胸下段食管鳞癌患者不能延长远期生存率,即使有淋巴结转移也不能延长生存期,但3次以上动脉化疗可以延长生存期.     

胃神经内分泌癌与胃神经内分泌瘤及胃腺癌的CT特征及鉴别

目的 探讨胃神经内分泌癌(G NEC)与胃神经内分泌瘤(G NET)及胃腺癌(G ADC)的CT特征,为临床诊治提供参考。方法 选取2014年1月至2018年9月于南京医科大学第一附属医院老年消化科就诊的G NEC、G NET及G ADC患者各15例，分别为G NEC组、G NET组及G ADC组，对多个CT特征进行评估,以鉴别G NEC与G NET及G ACD的影像学差异。结果 3组中存在差别的CT特征有肿瘤最大径(P=0023)、肿瘤位置(贲门、胃底及胃体为上部,胃体中下部及胃窦为下部, P=0020)、病灶数量(单发、多发及散发,P=0003)、肿瘤边缘是否清晰(P<0001)、黏膜是否完整(P<0001)、淋巴结是否转移(P<0001)、转移淋巴结最大径(P=0008)和有无淋巴结的坏死(P=0006);随后进行G NEC与G NET两组间比较,经单因素分析发现G NEC的病灶更大［(472±173)cm比(208±102)cm,P<0001)］,位于胃体中下部及胃窦的概率更高(600％ 比 133％, P=0021),单发病例更多(100％ 比667％, P=0042),更易发生淋巴结转移(933％ 比 200％,P=0001)。G NEC和G ADC两组间的CT特征的单因素分析显示,G NEC的转移淋巴结直径比G ADC的大［(182±069)cm 比(123±065)cm,P=0045］,G NEC的肿瘤边缘较G ADC清晰(600％ 比0, P=0001), G NEC的肿瘤黏膜较G ADC肿瘤黏膜完整(533％ 比667％, P=0014)。结论 CT的特征有助于G NEC与G NET及G ADC的诊断。     

胃淋巴瘤与胃腺癌的临床病理对比研究

目的 对比研究原发性胃淋巴瘤(primary gastric lymphoma,PGL)与胃腺癌(gastric adenocarcinoma,GA)临床及病理特征,以期增进对该疾病的临床诊治.方法 对49例原发性胃淋巴瘤和200例胃癌患者比较其年龄、发病时间、临床症状、肿块部位、内镜及大体分型、幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)感染及组织病理学等临床资料,并详细分析12例早期胃淋巴瘤的临床病理资料.结果 49例PGL和200例GA组患者,均表现为腹痛、腹部不适和上消化道出血等非特异性症状.PGL多发于胃体及胃窦,病灶常为多发溃疡或巨大结节,GA组病灶以胃窦部为主,常呈单发溃疡;PGL组的Hp感染率显著高于胃癌组(P＜0.05);PGL术前诊断率显著低于GA组(P＜0.05).12例早期PGL患者中,8例为Ⅱc型病变,治疗效果较好.结论 内镜检查示胃黏膜有多发糜烂溃疡时,应考虑PGL可能.早期PGL确诊后通过手术、化疗或根除Hp治疗,预后良好.     

Advanced gastric carcinoma simulating early gastric carcinoma

Eighty-six cases of advanced gastric carcinoma simulating early gastric carcinoma were studied clinicopathologically. Cytophotometric DNA analysis was also performed in 33 cases. Most of these particular carcinomas were of the depressed type on gross inspection. Histologically, the tumors were of diffuse type in 60%. The rate of the carcinomas restricted to within the muscularis propria was 48% and high in comparison with those in conventional advanced gastric carcinomas. There were four main growth patterns: small invasion type (Type A, 43 cases), ulcer-connected type (Type B, 19 cases), vessel permeation type (Type C, six cases), and diffusely infiltrative type (Type D, 13 cases). There was a relationship between growth patterns, lymph node metastasis, and prognosis: Types A and B had a small percentage of lymph node metastasis and a good prognosis, whereas Types C and D a high percentage and a poor prognosis. DNA analysis revealed that two thirds of the examined cases showed a low ploidy pattern. The DNA ploidy patterns were concerned with the tumor growth pattern: high-ploidy cases were rarely seen in Types A and B yet were frequent in Types C and D. The 5-year survival rate was 73%, but results were poor in cases of tumors with blood vessel permeation, in those with lymph node metastasis, in those with the Type D or C growth patterns, and in those with high DNA ploidy pattern. Since these carcinomas can be understaged endoscopically and by gross examination, a precise study of the surgically excised tissues will aid in making an accurate prognosis.     

Patterns of gastric atrophy in intestinal type gastric carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Multifocal atrophic gastritis (MAG) is currently considered a precancerous lesion leading to intestinal type gastric carcinoma. The current study aimed to describe the topography of atrophy in stomachs with early gastric carcinoma. METHODS: Resected stomachs from patients with intestinal type gastric carcinoma were routinely processed, sectioned (an average of 108 sections/stomach), and stained with a triple stain. Sections were scored on a visual analog scale for Helicobacter pylori and intestinal metaplasia. The type of epithelium (antral, oxyntic, transitional) was recorded. Atrophy was defined as the loss of normal glandular components and included intestinal metaplasia and/or pseudo-pyloric metaplasia of the corpus. Pseudo-pyloric metaplasia was identified by the presence of pepsinogen I in mucosa that was topographically corpus but phenotypically antrum. RESULTS: Sixteen stomachs with intestinal type gastric carcinoma were examined. In none of the specimens examined was MAG (independent foci of atrophy) identified. In the majority (88%), atrophy was present as a continuous sheet. Islands of intestinal metaplasia (multifocal intestinal metaplasia) were present within a sheet of pseudo-pyloric metaplasia. A few specimens (12%) had a non-atrophic corpus with almost total replacement of antral epithelium with intestinal metaplasia. Multifocal dysplasia distant from the original tumor was found both in areas with and without intestinal metaplasia. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to popular belief, atrophy in intestinal type gastric carcinoma is not present as independent foci, but rather as a continuous sheet. Previous studies failed to identify pseudo-pylori metaplasia as a marker for atrophy.     

胃癌和胃淋巴瘤的CT表现对比分析

背景与目的:进展期胃癌与胃淋巴瘤的CT表现在鉴别诊断上较困难,均可表现为胃壁增厚、腔内肿块、胃腔狭窄、淋巴结肿大、远处脏器转移等。本研究通过对比胃癌与胃淋巴瘤的CT表现差异,以提高对胃肿瘤,特别是胃淋巴瘤的CT诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析27例进展期胃癌和25例胃淋巴瘤患者的CT表现,观察病变部位、病变大体形态、胃周径侵犯范围、病灶的最大厚度、粘膜是否光整、粘膜皱襞是否增厚、浆膜受侵情况、有无坏死、病变强化程度、强化是否均匀、其他器官受累情况、腹部淋巴结情况。结果:23例(85.2%)胃癌近胃腔表面见"白线"征,门静脉期"白线"区范围较动脉期大;所有胃淋巴瘤患者均未见"白线"征。13例(48.1%)胃癌非"白线"区门静脉期强化程度高于动脉期。所有胃癌患者胃壁侵犯范围均<50%,23例(85.2%)胃淋巴瘤患者胃壁侵犯范围>75%。所有27例(100%)胃癌患者均见胃粘膜溃疡,1例(4%)胃淋巴瘤见胃粘膜溃疡。11例(44.0%)胃淋巴瘤有2个区或以上的胃周淋巴结肿大,8例(32.0%)胃淋巴瘤患者有肾门下腹膜后淋巴结肿大;所有胃癌患者均未见2个区或以上胃周肿大淋巴结,亦未见肾门下腹膜后淋巴结肿大。结论:胃癌与胃淋巴瘤的CT表现各有其特点,包括有无胃粘膜"白线"征、粘膜溃疡、胃壁侵犯范围、胃周肿大淋巴结分布、有无肾门下腹膜后肿大淋巴结等,这些特点对于二者的鉴别诊断具有一定的参考价值。     

Risk of gastric cancer among patients with gastric intestinal metaplasia

Plenty of studies have assessed the association between intestinal metaplasia (IM) and gastric cancer risk, while the results were inconsistent. We aimed to assess the risk of gastric cancer among patients with IM. Systematic literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases. Baseline characteristics and outcomes from the included studies were extracted independently by two investigators. Either a fixed‐effects or a random‐effects model was used to composite the pooled OR for gastric cancer risk. Finally, a total of 21 studies, which comprised 402,636 participants and 4,535 gastric cancer patients, were finally included in the current meta‐analysis. Compared with those participants without IM, IM patients were at a higher risk of gastric cancer (pooled OR = 3.58, 95% CI 2.71–4.73). We observed that incomplete IM (pooled OR = 9.48, 95% CI 4.33–20.78) but not complete IM (pooled OR = 1.55, 95% CI 0.91–2.65) was significantly associated with a higher gastric cancer risk. Besides, it appeared that gastric cancer risk was higher among patients with IM in the corpus (pooled OR = 7.39, 95% CI 4.94–11.06) than those with IM in the antrum only (pooled OR = 4.06, 95% CI 2.79–5.91). And the pooled ORs for gastric noncardia cancer and gastric cardia cancer were 4.98 (95% CI 3.12–7.95) and 1.93 (95% CI 1.15–3.24), respectively. In conclusion, patients with IM were at a higher risk of gastric cancer, especially for incomplete IM and IM in the corpus. The current evidence supports the use of IM subtypes in the surveillance of gastric cancer.     

Early gastric cancer mimicking advanced gastric cancer.

The clinicopathological features of 37 early gastric cancers mimicking advanced gastric cancer were reviewed retrospectively, and were compared with 596 other early gastric cancers and 126 mp gastric cancers, defined as gastric cancer invading the muscularis propria of the stomach. A greater tumour size (P < 0.005), submucosal invasion (P < 0.005), lymph node and lymph vessel invasion (P < 0.005) and vascular invasion (P < 0.025) were found more frequently in early gastric cancers mimicking advanced gastric cancers than in other early gastric cancers. There were no significant differences in the clinicopathological findings between early gastric cancers mimicking advanced gastric cancers and mp gastric cancers. Patients with early gastric cancers mimicking advanced gastric cancers showed a lower survival rate than patients with other early gastric cancers, but a higher survival than those with mp gastric cancers. The macroscopic appearance of an advanced gastric cancer was an indicator of massive submucosal invasion and lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer. As early gastric cancers mimicking advanced gastric cancers showed similar clinicopathological findings to mp gastric cancers, these cancers should be treated as mp gastric cancers.