哈尔滨粉质黏土地层隧道沉降规律

基于哈尔滨地铁1号线同江路站-哈尔滨南站区间地表沉降的实测数据及地层信息,分析地表沉降槽宽度和地层损失率的变化规律,并在此基础上对Peck公式回归分析,得出适用于哈尔滨粉质黏土地层隧道的地表沉降修正系数。结果表明:粉质黏土地层沉降槽宽度与隧道埋深之间可用线性关系表示,此时沉降槽宽度系数的取值范围为0. 42～0. 6;当地层损失率在0. 46%～0. 59%之间时,能够更好地预测土体的体积损失量;当地表最大沉降修正系数的范围为0. 4～0. 7、沉降槽宽度修正系数的范围为0. 9～1. 3时,通过相似地质情况的哈尔滨地铁3号线旭升街站-松江生态园站区间实测数据进行验证,发现修正后的Peck公式能够更好地预测地表沉降。     

哈尔滨粉质粘土地层隧道沉降规律

基于哈尔滨地铁1号线同江路站-哈尔滨南站区间地表沉降的实测数据及地层信息,分析地表沉降槽宽度和地层损失率的变化规律,并在此基础上对Peck公式回归分析,得出适用于哈尔滨粉质黏土地层隧道的地表沉降修正系数。结果表明:粉质黏土地层沉降槽宽度与隧道埋深之间可用线性关系表示,此时沉降槽宽度系数的取值范围为0. 42～0. 6;当地层损失率在0. 46%～0. 59%之间时,能够更好地预测土体的体积损失量;当地表最大沉降修正系数的范围为0. 4～0. 7、沉降槽宽度修正系数的范围为0. 9～1. 3时,通过相似地质情况的哈尔滨地铁3号线旭升街站-松江生态园站区间实测数据进行验证,发现修正后的Peck公式能够更好地预测地表沉降。     

浅覆土盾构隧道施工引起地表沉降规律研究

为研究浅埋大直径土压平衡盾构施工穿越砂卵石地层造成的地表沉降规律,以北京新机场线9m直径土压平衡盾构隧道为背景,对10m、12m、13m、15m四种覆土厚度下的地表最大沉降、沉降槽宽度、地层损失率进行了对比分析,并用Peck公式进行拟合。分析结果表明：相同施工参数下,隧道上方地表最大沉降和地层损失率随覆土厚度增加而减小且成拱覆土厚度附近存在变化速率的突然改变;深埋隧道测点沉降稳定时间较短,约为2天,浅埋隧道时间较长,约为4天;实测沉降槽宽度及沉降槽拟合曲线的宽度系数与隧道覆土厚度相关性不明显,实测沉降槽宽度约为隧道中线两侧1.5D范围(D为开挖直径);实测地层损失率与通过Peck公式反算的地层损失率都随隧道覆土厚度增大而减小。     

盾构穿越砂层对地表位移影响模型试验研究

隧道盾构施工过程中不可避免遇到砂土地层,砂土自稳能力差,掘进时易发生安全事故.通过在砂层中模拟盾构掘进及壁厚注浆,研究平行隧道在埋深比和净间距不同情况下施工阶段地表位移的变化.研究结果表明,左线开挖地表沉降曲线符合正态分布形式,各阶段沉降最大值同土体损失率呈线性关系,土体损失率不变时,地表沉降随埋深比增加而减小,平行隧道右线掘进时,对既有左线地表上方产生位移影响,最终沉降槽形状相互交叠.壁后注浆过程中,埋深比不变时,位移值随注浆率的增加而变大,注浆率不变时,注浆对地表抬升的效果随埋深比增加而降低.     

不同埋深隧道开挖对地表沉降影响的三维有限元分析

以厦门市东渡路站建业路站的地铁隧道2号线一期工程为研究对象,利用数值模拟和现场实测数据研究了不同埋深隧道对地表沉降的影响规律,结果表明:①随着隧道埋深的增加,地表沉降呈现先增大后减小的规律;②距隧道中心线水平距离大于25 m时,沉降槽曲线逐渐趋于平缓,表明相同埋深下的隧道开挖对距隧道中心线25 m以外的地表沉降影响相对...     

改进GAP法盾构隧道开挖地表沉降预测

针对盾构隧道开挖引起的地表沉降问题,基于GAP法模型的基本原理,通过对该模型的改进,借助FLAC2D进行数值分析,对盾构隧道的地表沉降规律进行了研究.得出了同一盾构直径随着隧道埋深增加的情况下,地表最大沉降值逐渐减小、地表沉降槽逐渐变宽的规律,且隧道埋深和地表最大沉降值存在某种线性关系.该成果对盾构隧道开挖引起的地表沉降分析具有一定的参考价值和指导意义.     

不同埋深下暗挖隧道施工的地层响应

采用实测统计和数值模拟方法,对北京地铁区间暗挖隧道开挖后不同埋深下的地层应力、塑性区分布及地层变形3个方面进行分析研究.结果表明:1)隧道开挖后洞周切向应力升高区随埋深增大而向围岩深部转移,埋深达到20 m后,应力升高区的转移减缓;2)随埋深的增大,洞周塑性区与地表塑性区由完全贯通变为逐渐分离,地表塑性区的范围逐渐减小,但洞周塑性区的范围变化不大,而塑性区以外的弹性区范围增大;3)埋深达到12 m时,地中沉降曲线出现拐点,拐点与洞顶的距离随埋深的增大而增大,埋深达到20 m后,曲线拐点基本稳定在洞顶上方10 m处;4)计算结果与实测统计规律基本一致,最大地表沉降值随着埋深的增大而减小,但减小的幅度随着埋深的增大而逐渐减小.     

地铁区间浅埋暗挖隧道地表沉降的控制标准

基于浅埋暗挖隧道施工引起地表沉降的时空效应和沉降机理分析,综合运用模糊聚类分析方法对北京地铁5号线和10号线24个区间隧道的1497个地表沉降测点的数据进行统计分析,得出了地铁区间浅埋暗挖隧道地表沉降值的分布规律和地表沉降槽宽度参数反弯点距离、地层损失率的一般特征,给出了地表沉降槽曲线反弯点距离与等效轴向埋深的关系,提出了较为合理可行的地标沉降控制标准,并提出预警、报警、极限3级控制的管理方法.研究成果为认识地铁区间浅埋暗挖隧道地表沉降及地表沉降控制标准制定等具有一定的参考价值.     

高温冻土剪切力学特性试验研究

利用重塑土的直剪试验,探讨-2℃条件下青藏地区3种不同土性(粉质黏土、粉砂、细砂)冻土的直剪力学特性。结果表明:高温冻土剪切特性与土性、密度、含冰量密切相关;剪切位移-剪应力曲线在相对密实条件下呈应变软化型,而在相对松散状态下呈应变硬化型;不同密实条件下粉质黏土的内摩擦角随含冰量的增加表现为先降低后增加,而细砂的内摩擦角随含冰量的增加而增加;在相同含冰量条件下粉质黏土、细砂的内摩擦角随密度的增加而增加;粉砂在不同密实条件下内摩擦角随密度的变化规律与粉质黏土类似,但在相同含冰量条件下内摩擦角随密度的变化规律与粉质黏土、细砂相反;-2℃条件下不同土性高温冻土黏聚力随密度、含冰量变化的规律不明显。高温冻土地区的工程建设应根据土性、密度、含冰量情况合理选取抗剪强度指标。     

地裂缝场地隧道暗挖地表沉降影响因素分析

以西安地铁6号线区间隧道穿越f8地裂缝为工程背景,对传统交叉中隔墙(cross diaphragm,CRD)工法隧道开挖施工穿越地裂缝场地全过程进行了三维有限元动态数值模拟,分析了开挖方向、隧道埋深、隧道洞径以及隧道穿越地裂缝的角度4个因素对暗挖隧道穿越地裂缝场地施工地表沉降的影响.结果表明:地表沉降曲线随开挖进尺均呈...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to