滇西哀牢山镇沅煌斑岩~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar年代学和地球化学特征

滇西镇沅煌斑岩呈岩脉状产出于金沙江-哀牢山富碱斑岩带南段。不同脉体的矿物组合特征相似,均为云煌岩。煌斑岩黑云母40Ar-39Ar坪年龄结果为35.69±0.40Ma和36.21±0.43Ma,与区域富碱斑岩年代一致。煌斑岩Si O2含量为43.26%~47.66%,K2O+Na2O含量为6.39%~8.22%,K2O/Na2O比值为3.68~5.55,属于碱性、高钾钙碱性系列。岩石富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、K、Sr)和轻稀土元素(LREE);相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr)和重稀土元素(HREE);LREE/HREE为6.32~7.44,δEu为0.80~0.91;Nb/U值为1.15~2.18,接近俯冲带含水流体的Nb/U比值(Nb/U≈0.22)。La/Sm比值与La值具有弱的正相关趋势。岩石学和地球化学特征显示,哀牢山古特提斯洋壳俯冲交代作用形成的富集地幔,在新生代三江地区岩石圈地幔拆沉-软流圈上涌形成的伸展背景下经过部分熔融,上升侵位形成煌斑岩脉。     

甘肃红石泉地区基性岩脉特征及Ar-Ar定年

基性岩脉是研究地幔和地幔变化的"窗口",并且与金、铀、金刚石等矿床有重要关系.甘肃红石泉地区产有我国最典型的白岗岩型铀矿床,其中发育有多条基性岩脉.研究区基性岩新鲜面呈灰绿色,具有典型的煌斑结构,块状构造,斑晶矿物主要为角闪石,基质主要由斜长石和黑云母组成,副矿物主要有磁铁矿、磷灰石及锆石等,据此确定基性岩为闪斜煌斑岩.岩石具有富碱、高钾、贫铁以及富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素等地球化学特征,进而判断其属于钾质钙碱性煌斑岩.通过40Ar-39Ar全岩测定,获得煌斑岩成岩年龄为237.2±2.6 Ma,煌斑岩的岩浆来源于EMII型富集地幔,形成于板内拉张环境,岩浆在上升侵位过程中遭受了地壳物质的混染,属于早中生代古亚洲洋闭合、陆陆碰撞后伸展的产物.红石泉煌斑岩与铀矿床铀成矿没有直接成因关系,对于铀矿只有后期改造作用.      

个旧老厂钾质煌斑岩矿物学特征及其锆石U-Pb和黑云母~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar年龄

个旧老厂锡铜多金属矿区出露多条钾质煌斑岩脉,是个旧白垩纪岩浆活动的重要组成部分。本文利用电子探针对煌斑岩进行矿物学特征分析,利用锆石TIMS U-Pb和黑云母~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar进行了煌斑岩年代学研究。煌斑岩辉石斑晶和微晶化学成分近一致,均属普通辉石;黑云母斑晶属壳源铁质-镁质黑云母,而黑云母微晶属壳幔混源型镁质黑云母;中长石斑晶偏基性(An25~40),透长石微晶偏酸性(An1~6)。煌斑岩2颗锆石TIMS U-Pb年龄(87.1±1.3)Ma为捕获的围岩(老卡花岗岩体)锆石的年龄。煌斑岩脉的6个黑云母~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar同位素坪年龄集中在75~70 Ma间(平均72.9 Ma),代表煌斑岩侵位时代,稍晚于个旧中酸性岩浆活动的时代(85~78 Ma)。个旧老厂钾质煌斑岩脉代表壳-幔的相互作用,岩浆起源于古特提斯洋壳板块俯冲的残留板片对地幔楔的交代富集作用而形成的地幔源区。煌斑岩浆侵位的构造背景为俯冲-碰撞后的板内拉伸环境。     

云南大坪金矿区煌斑岩的地球化学特征及成因探讨

大坪金矿区闪长岩体中发育多条煌斑岩脉,并且多伴随石英脉出现。在岩石化学组成上,SiO2含量为44.86%~54.10%、K2O/Na2O在0.56~2.09之间,属钾玄质系列;岩石富集大离子亲石元素(Sr、U、Rb和Ba)和轻稀土元素(LREE)、相对亏损高场强元素(Ta、Nb和Ti),且Ta、Nb和Ti具"TNT"负异常;δEu值为0.72~1.36,负Eu异常不明显;87Sr/86Sr值范围为0.706 6~0.707 4,均值0.707 1,高于原始地幔现代值0.704 5;143Nd/144Nd值范围为0.512 4~0.512 5,均值0.512 4,低于原始地幔现代值0.512 638;εNd值范围为-2.5~-4.2,均值-3.98。Nb/Ta比值为48.96~82.58(平均62.99),远高于原始地幔值的17.5±2.0;Zr/Hf比值为20.45~47.53(平均39.57),略高于原始地幔值的36.27±2.0;Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf都远大于陆壳值11和33。表明煌斑岩源区可能来自早期俯冲洋壳或造山带根部拆沉组分脱水形成富集流体在地幔源区发生交代作用形成的富集地幔,岩浆在上升侵位过程中受到地壳物质的混染较弱,形成于碰撞后的板内构造环境。     

滇中小水井金矿煌斑岩特征及与金矿化的关系

小水井金矿床煌斑岩呈树枝状、环状、不规则状沿断裂带侵入,岩石为致密块状细晶辉石云斜煌斑岩,其SiO2含量32.28%～49.72%,属基性-超基性范围,为碱性系列的富钾钙碱性煌斑岩,以富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,而亏损高场强元素(Ta-Nb-Ti)为特征,稀土元素分布型式类似于大陆玄武岩。煌斑岩为富含稀土元素的俯冲带流体交代过的富集地幔部分熔融所产生的岩浆,在上升过程中受到部分地壳混染的产物。对煌斑岩的黑云母进行Ar-Ar法年龄测定,获得煌斑岩40Ar-39Ar坪年龄值为(32.08±0.32)Ma,等时线年龄值为(31.86±0.40)Ma,形成时代属于新生代古近纪渐新世早期。煌斑岩与金矿化在空间分布、形成时间及成因上有密切的内在联系,煌斑岩与金元素均来自地幔,煌斑岩与金矿体均受控于断裂破碎带,共用了相同的断裂构造空间;金主成矿期早于煌斑岩,煌斑岩切穿了断裂破碎带及金矿体,煌斑岩的侵入为金进一步富集提供了物源、热能、含矿流体,使金矿化叠加富集。煌斑岩是寻找金矿的重要标志之一。     

湘东北临湘地区钾质煌斑岩~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar定年及其地球化学特征

对出露于湘东北临湘地区的煌斑岩脉群进行了同位素年龄测定及岩石地球化学分析。研究表明,煌斑岩的全岩40Ar-39Ar年龄为(119.5±2.2)Ma,形成于早白垩世。岩石地球化学方面,岩石属碱性系列、钾质—超钾质煌斑岩;富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和高场强元素(HFSE);稀土元素分配模式为相似的右倾轻稀土富集型;具有较小的TDMⅡ值(1.5Ga)和较低的εNd(t)(-7.3)。上述特征暗示煌斑岩物质来源于异常(交代富集)地幔,形成于后造山陆内拉张减薄的构造环境。     

云南大理笔架山矿区煌斑岩地球化学、年代学及其对源区和成岩环境的指示

笔架山金矿区位于滇西著名的马厂箐铜钼(金)多金属矿区西南部约5km处,区内发育有花岗斑岩、石英二长斑岩和煌斑岩等。针对矿区煌斑岩进行的岩石学、岩石地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究,结果表明其为云煌斑岩,具有富碱(w(Na2O+K2O)=5.00%~9.26%,均值为7.57%)、高钾(K2O/Na2O=1.92~19.02,均值为4.69)和低钛(w(TiO2)=0.43%~0.77%,均值为0.66%)特征,属钾质-超钾质钙碱性系列岩石。岩石轻稀土元素富集而重稀土亏损(ΣLREE/ΣHREE=9.13~10.71,(La/Yb)N=11.60~15.32),并具弱负Eu异常(δEu=0.61~0.85,均值为0.79);岩石富集大离子亲石元素(Rb,Ba,U和Sr),而亏损高场强元素(Nb,Ta,Zr和Ti)以及元素Ta、Nb和Ti具显著"TNT"负异常。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年显示煌斑岩成岩年龄为33.6 Ma±0.29 Ma(MSWD=1.18,n=16),表明其形成时代为古近纪始新世,与滇西金沙江-红河富碱斑带岩浆活动高峰期(45 Ma~30 Ma)一致。综合岩石学、岩石地球化学、年代学和区域地质背景,认为笔架山煌斑岩是喜马拉雅期印度-欧亚板块碰撞后伸展构造环境的产物,其起源于受俯冲沉积物交代作用影响的岩石圈富集地幔,由源区性质为含金云母角闪石石榴子石二辉橄榄岩富集地幔的低程度(2%~10%)部分熔融形成的基性岩浆上升侵位形成的。     

塔里木盆地西南缘乌鲁瓦提煌斑岩的发现及其地质意义

塔里木盆地西南缘,新疆和田地区喀拉喀什河上游乌鲁瓦提水库库区一带新发现数条煌斑岩脉。煌斑岩脉侵位于长城纪赛拉加兹塔格岩群绢云石英片岩中,总体呈近东西向展布,主要为云斜煌岩,具典型的煌斑结构,斑晶大部分为黑云母,地球化学特征显示其具有钠质煌斑岩特征。稀土元素分配模式呈LREE/HREE富集的右倾型配分形式（LREE/HREE=4.15~6.45）,基本不存在δCe异常和δEu异常,总体富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）,相对亏损高场强元素（HFSE）,显示了深俯冲作用引起的富集岩石圈地幔的源区特征。乌鲁瓦提煌斑岩的发现证明了该地区煌斑岩分布的集群性和类型的多样性,该地区可能仍有更具规模、更具找矿潜力的煌斑岩或者是钾镁煌斑岩有待寻找,这应当引起足够的重视。     

云南澜沧老厂隐伏花岗斑岩体地球化学特征及构造环境

详细阐述了老厂隐伏花岗斑岩的地球化学特征,利用图解判别了其形成的构造环境,并初步探讨其成因机制。老厂花岗斑岩SiO2含量(68.09%~73.48%)与中国花岗岩平均值基本相当,富碱(Na2O+K2O为7.73%~8.51%),富钾(K2O/Na2O为1.85~25.8),属酸性偏铝质高钾钙碱性系列岩浆岩。轻稀土元素中等富集,重稀土元素相对亏损,(La/Yb)N=12.01~24.85,δEu=0.79~0.99(为弱负异常),稀土元素分布曲线为平滑的右倾曲线。通过花岗斑岩地球化学特征、图解判别、锆石标型特征等的综合研究,认为老厂隐伏花岗斑岩体是以壳源为主的壳幔源混合成因花岗斑岩,形成于青藏高原新生代碰撞造山主碰撞阶段区域挤压机制下的主碰撞构造环境。碰撞激发深部地幔局部熔融,使熔融体沿穿透性构造发育的早期裂谷带轴部上涌,成为构造-岩浆-热事件的主要驱动力;地幔物质涌入,向下地壳注入新生物质,诱发下地壳物质熔融,形成壳幔混合源富钾含矿岩浆。     

西藏古堆地区煌斑岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

近些年许多学者对煌斑岩的研究较多,但对藏南地区的煌斑岩研究甚少。本文通过对藏南古堆地区煌斑岩进行了主量元素、稀土及微量元素的研究,以便了解藏南古堆地区的构造演化环境。结果表明:煌斑岩中SiO_2含量为32.99%~52.62%,平均值41.39%,K_2O/Na_2O为0.01~2.31,平均值为0.73,为碱性玄武岩系列。岩石地球化学特征表明:以富集大离子亲石元素(如K、Ba),高场强元素相对亏损(如Ta、Zr)为特征,但高场强元素Nb相对富集。煌斑岩的成因具有幔源特征,是在新特提斯洋形成后经扩张,在岩石圈拉张伸展的动力学构造背景下,致使岩石圈减薄、地幔物质上涌,并遭受地壳物质混染而形成的。     

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

贵州岑巩羊桥罗家塘杷榔动物群的发现及其后生动物早期演化的意义

岑巩县羊桥乡罗家塘杷榔组仅出露中-上部地层,岩性单一,均为青灰、灰绿色粉砂质泥、页岩.在其上部层位发现了俞氏贵州始海百合(Guizhoueocrinus yui Zhao,Parsley et Peng,2007),计有棘皮动物始海百合、腕足动物、软体动物-软舌螺、节肢动物-三叶虫等8属9种,包括了2个未定名的新种和1...     

深港西部通道填海区地下水铜、钒、铊、镉、钨迁移的实验研究

填海工程使滨海地区的地下水物理化学条件改变,导致该区域地下水中重金属浓度升高。本文以深港西部通道填海区为例,采用实验室模拟填海条件的办法,初步探讨了影响填海区地下水重金属迁移的关键因素。模拟实验结果表明,填海区地下水中钨元素含量升高与地下水淡化、淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;铜元素含量升高则与淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;钒元素含量升高与地下水淡化和淤泥氧化过程有关,而其他元素含量升高则主要与填料风化释放有关。     

山西五台山区滹沱群变质玄武岩岩石学、地球化学特征及其成因意义

在野外地质调查的基础上,选取滹沱群豆村亚群底部四集庄组玄武岩、顶部青石村组玄武岩和东冶亚群中下部河边村组玄武岩,进行岩石学和地球化学研究。分析结果表明：玄武岩主量元素高TiO2、TFeO,低MgO,具有演化的基性岩浆的特征。稀土元素含量相对较高,具有弱—中等程度的轻稀土元素富集,中等程度的轻重稀土元素分异,轻微的Eu异常;玄武岩中Cr、Ni含量变化较大,但与Mg#具有很好的正相关性。微量元素配分图解中具有明显的Sr负异常,部分样品具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常,无Zr、Hf负异常,与岛弧火山岩不同;同时Nb、Ta无分异,Zr/Hf值较高,具有板内玄武岩浆的特征。综合分析认为,滹沱群玄武岩可能形成于板内裂谷环境。在岩浆上升过程中发生橄榄石与尖晶石的分离结晶作用,同时不同程度地受到地壳的混染。     

扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。     

Geology, mineralogy, and PGE mineralization of the copper-nickel occurrences of the Kvinum ore field, Sredinny Range, Kamchatka

The geology and mineralogy of host metamorphic rocks, the mineralogy of sulfide ores, and the distribution of PGE mineralization were studied in detail for the Kvinum-1 and Kvinum-2 copper-nickel occurrences of the Kvinum ore field, which are the most promising targets for the copper-nickel-PGE mineralization of the Sredinny Range of Kamchatka. It was established that stringer-disseminated and massive copper-nickel ores are localized in amphibole peridotites, cortlandites, and form ore bodies varying from tens of centimeters to 5–20 m thick among the layered cortlandite-gabbroid massifs. The massive sulfide ores were found only at the bottom of cortlandite bodies and upsection grade into stringer-disseminated and disseminated ores. Pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and pentlandite are the major ore minerals with a sharply subordinate amount of pyrite, sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite, and löllingite. Besides pentlandite, the Ni-bearing minerals include sulforasenides (gersdorffite), arsenides (nickeline), and tellurides (melonite) of nickel. It was found that PGE mineralization represented by antimonides (sudburyite) and tellurobismuthides (michenerite) of Pd with sharply subordinate platinum arsenide (sperrylite) is confined to the apical parts of massive sulfide zones and the transition zone to the stringer-disseminated ores. Ore intervals enriched in arsenides and tellurides of Ni, Pd, and Bi contain high-purity gold. In the central parts of the orebodies, the contents of PGE and native gold are insignificant. It is suggested that the contents of major sulfide minerals and the productivity of PGE mineralization in the cortlandites are defined by combined differentiation and sulfurization of ultramafic derivatives under the effect of fluids, which are accumulated at the crystallization front and cause layering of parental magmas with different sulfur contents. The fluid-assisted layering of mafic-ultramafic massifs resulted in the contrasting distribution of PGM in response to uneven distribution of sulfur (as well as As, Te, and Bi) during liquid immiscibility. The productivity of PGE mineralization significantly increases with increasing contents of S, As, Te, and Bi (elements to which Pt and, especially, Pd have high affinity) in fluids.     

Depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer, based on geophysical exploration, southern Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA

 A geophysical survey was conducted to determine the depth of the base of the water-table aquifer in the southern part of Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA. Audio-magnetotellurics (AMT) measurements at 77 sites in the study area yielded electrical-resistivity logs of the subsurface, and these were used to infer lithologic changes with depth. A 100–600 ohm-m geoelectric layer, designated the Jackson aquifer, was used to represent surficial saturated, unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age. The median depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer is estimated to be 200 ft (61 m), based on 62 sites that had sufficient resistivity data. AMT-measured values were kriged to predict the depth to the base of the aquifer throughout the southern part of Jackson Hole. Contour maps of the kriging predictions indicate that the depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer is shallow in the central part of the study area near the East and West Gros Ventre Buttes, deeper in the west near the Teton fault system, and shallow at the southern edge of Jackson Hole. Predicted, contoured depths range from 100 ft (30 m) in the south, near the confluences of Spring Creek and Flat Creek with the Snake River, to 700 ft (210 m) in the west, near the town of Wilson, Wyoming. Received, May 1997 · Revised, February 1998 · Accepted, April 1998     

西藏南木林县秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体岩石成因

以出露在西藏南木林县秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体为研究对象,从野外地质调查、岩石学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、元素和Lu-Hf同位素地球化学等方面对其进行了分析研究。结果显示：秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体类似于A型花岗岩,形成于古近纪(E1),其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(62.0±0.5)~(63.0±0.5) Ma;岩体形成的温度较高(锆石饱和温度为745~805 ℃,平均766 ℃);岩石富SiO2(72.6%~75.0%)、Na2O(2.86%~3.59%)和K2O(4.12%~5.25%),贫CaO(0.72%~1.39%)和MgO(0.26%~0.36%),高FeOT/MgO值(7.26~10.3),属高钾钙碱性系列,弱过铝质;岩石具明显的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.40~0.70),普遍表现出Ba、Sr、P、Ti元素的亏损和Rb、Th、K、Zr、Hf元素的富集。εHf(t)值为-4.7~-1.8,其两阶段地壳Hf模式年龄tDM2为(1.1~1.3) Ga。秦马弄A型花岗岩体是冈底斯基底地壳物质部分熔融的岩浆产物,形成于古近纪印度板块与欧亚板块俯冲碰撞引起的总体为岛弧背景下的局部拉张构造环境。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.