Parallel-Coupled Transmission-Line-Resonator Filters

This paper describes the synthesis of band-pass transmission-line filters consisting of series of half-wavelength resonant conductors such as strips. The design differs from the usual end-coupled strip configuration in that successive strips are parallel coupled along a distance of a quarter-wavelength. The resulting coupling between resonators is partly electric and partly magnetic. Several important advantages are gained by this arrangement: 1) the length of the filter is approximately half that of the end-coupled type; 2) the gaps are larger and therefore less critical; and 3) the insertion-Ioss curve is symmetrical on a frequency scale with the first spurious response occurring at three times the center frequency of the pass band. Formulas are derived for the parallel-coupled-resonator transmission-line filter that permit accurate design for Tchebycheff, maximally flat, or any other physically realizable response. The formulas are theoretically exact in the limit of zero bandwidth, but frequency-response calculations show them to give good results for band widths up to about 30 per cent. An experimental strip-line filter of this type has been constructed, and the data given in this paper show that excellent performance has been obtained.     

Wide Stopband Parallel-Coupled Stacked SIRs Bandpass Filters With Open-Stub Lines

In this letter, spurious passband suppression in parallel-coupled stacked stepped-impedance-resonators (SIRs) bandpass filters (BPFs) by means of open-stub lines is proposed and implemented. These filters are composed of parallel-coupled stacked SIRs and open stubs. Moreover, the structure with tapped feeding is employed to create transmission zeros near both sides of the passband skirt. The proposed structure can improve the harmonic suppression so that a wide upper stopband with a satisfactory attenuation level would appear in this BPF. Measured results of the fabricated circuits show that the idea works very well     

Design of Wide-Band, Sharp-Rejection Bandpass Filters With Parallel-Coupled Lines

An edge-coupled quarter wavelength resonator and half-wavelength open stubs are used for designing a highly selective wideband bandpass filter (BPF). A homogeneous medium is considered and the even-odd mode approach is used for filter analysis. Next, a microstrip line implementation procedure is described. The filter has sharp rejection, wide stopband, low insertion loss (IL), and fabrication simplicity. A prototype BPF having 69.5% 3-dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) is fabricated. A simple stub modification extends the upper 20-dB stopband to five times that of the filter upper cutoff frequency. Passband IL is within 1.6dB     

Capacitive-Ended Interdigital Coupled Lines for UWB Bandpass Filters With Improved Out-of-Band Performances

This letter presents a novel ultra-wideband (UWB) microstrip bandpass filter on a microstrip line with improved out-of-band performances. A multiple-mode resonator (MMR) is first constituted to equally allocate its first three resonant frequencies in the 3.1–10.6-GHz UWB band. Two capacitive-ended interdigital coupled lines are then formed to assign their transmission zero towards the fourth-order resonant frequency of this MMR, thereby suppressing the first spurious passband. Moreover, two outer arms in the interdigital lines are properly tapered to compensate the phase imbalance or group delay near the UWB upper-end relying on extra capacitive-ended stubs. And finally, two UWB filters with one- and two-MMRs are designed and implemented to experimentally demonstrate the improved out-of-band performances, i.e., widened/deepened upper-stopband and sharpened rejection skirts outside the UWB passband.     

平行耦合微带线带通滤波器的多步法优化设计

提出一种通过提升设计频率来解决平行耦合微带带通滤波器中边缘场效应导致的中心频率偏移的方法。同时分析了导致这种偏移的原因,并阐述了该方法的理论基础。给出的实例证明,在使用微波软件设计平行耦合微带线带通滤波器时,这种方法是简洁且可行的。     

Multiplexer Channel-Separating Units Using Interdigital and Parallel-Coupled Filters

Design theory is presented for strip-line multiplexer channel-separating units which have constant-resistance input impedances so that many units can be cascaded without reflection effects. Each channel unit consists of an interdigital band-pass filter and a band-stop filter which uses parallel-coupled resonators. In order to obtain the desired constant-resistance input impedance, both filters are designed from singly loaded, maximally flat, low-pass prototype filters. A trial design was worked out and constructed so as to have five per cent bandwidth for the separated channel. Excellent agreement between theory and experiment was obtained.     

Impedances of Offset Parallel-Coupled Strip Transmission Lines

An offset parallel-coupled strip configuration is described, in which the mechanical parameters are strip width, strip offset, and ratio of strip spacing to ground-plane spacing. The electrical parameters are dielectric constant, characteristic impedance, even and odd mode impedance. The configuration is analyzed by conformal rnapping techniques. Explicit design equations are derived in which the mechanical parameters are expressed in terms of the electrical parameters. Illustrative results are presented, and the limitations on coupling strength, characteristic impedance, and strip configuration are discussed.     

Microstrip Parallel-Coupled Filters With Cascade Trisection and Quadruplet Responses

Microstrip parallel-coupled filters with generalized Chebyshev responses are presented. The basic structure of the proposed filter is a conventional parallel-coupled filter of which the physical dimensions can be easily obtained by the well-known analytical method. With the aid of the equivalent circuit corresponding to a conventional parallel-coupled filter, the relative insertion phase from source or load to each open end of resonators can be easily obtained by observing the two-port admittance matrix. Applying the cross coupling from source or load to a proper nonadjacent resonator, a trisection or a quadruplet coupling scheme can be realized with prescribed transmission zeros. More importantly, the proposed trisection can be designed to have a transmission zero on the lower or upper stopband by just adjusting the length of the cross-coupling strip. Using the proposed structure, the conventional time-consuming adjusting procedure to obtain initial physical dimensions of filters is no longer required. In this paper, a fourth-order parallel-coupled filter is used as the basic structure to demonstrate various combinations of transmission zeros. Simulated and measured results are well matched.      

Flattened Broadband Notch Filters Using Guided-Mode Resonance Associated With Asymmetric Binary Gratings

In this letter, the broadband notch filter exhibiting a flattened bandstop spectral response is experimentally demonstrated for the first time by using the guided-mode resonance associated with the periodic subwavelength structure possessing asymmetric binary grating profiles. The proposed filter consisting of grating and waveguide structures is realized by utilizing a single-layer poly-silicon film deposited on a quartz substrate. The asymmetric grating profile is carried out by dividing the one-filling-factor binary structure into the one with two distinct filling factors within one identical period. A flat bandstop spectral response at the central wavelength of 1.22 mum is obtained under normal incidence for transverse-electric polarization. Its transmittance of bandstop spectrum can be suppressed as low as -20dB within a broad spectral range of 85 nm and its corresponding Deltalambda/lambda is larger than 6%. The spectra under oblique incidence are demonstrated to verify the proposed filter has a high immunity for the angular deviation up to 20deg     

Design of Dielectric Waveguide Bandpass Filters Using Parallel-Coupled Gratings

Techniques for the design of narrow-band (of the order of a percent or so), bandpass filters using dielectric waveguide gratings are presented. These filters use both single, uncoupled gratings and parallel-coupled configurations of gratings to form multiresonator bandpass filter structures. Transmission-line equivalent circuits are used to model the dielectric waveguide gratings. Using this model, it is then shown how direct-coupled-resonator theory can be applied to such filter structures to synthesize a prescribed passband having Chebyshev or maximally flat characteristic. On the other hand, the parallel-coupled gratings give these filters broad and strong, absorptive stopbands, as is explained. Experimental results are presented which show good agreement between theoretical and measured results.     

基于ADS的平行耦合带通滤波器的设计

文中介绍了设计平行耦合带通滤波器的方法和流程,以相对带宽为9%的平行耦合滤波器为例阐述了具体设计过程,并对滤波器设计工程中原理图与版图仿真结果的差异进行分析对比,给出具体的调试解决方案.借助于射频微波EDA工具ADS2008进行优化仿真.高效地完成了带通滤波器的设计,达到了设计要求.     

基于耦合传输线多陷波超宽带滤波器的设计

为滤除窄带信号对超宽带通信系统的干扰,提出了一款具有多陷波特性的超宽带滤波器。采用λ/4平行耦合线构造结构紧凑的滤波单元节,并通过单元节级联的方式实现三陷波特性。将扇形枝节接入短路枝节匹配线,有效抑制了高次谐波。将环形谐振腔引入带阻单元,获得了良好的矩形系数。该滤波器的体积仅为25. 5 mm×49.9 mm×0. 6 mm,结构紧凑。仿真结果显示:滤波器的工作带宽为3 ~10 GHz,三个陷波频段为3. 5 ~3. 6 GHz、5. 7~5. 9 GHz 和7. 9 ~8. 1 GHz,有效滤除了WiMAX(3. 3 ~3. 6 GHz)、WLAN(5. 7 ~5. 8 GHz)以及X 波段卫星通信系统(7.9 ~8.4 GHz)的干扰。该滤波器通带内插入损耗较小且带外谐波抑制良好,抗干扰能力强,适用于各种超宽带系统。     

New Synthesis of Parallel-Coupled Line Bandpass Filters With Chebyshev Responses

Parallel-coupled line filters with Chebyshev passbands are synthesized based on the insertion-loss functions derived by converting the composite $ABCD$ matrices of all coupled stages. With the synthesis, both the electromagnetic simulation and measurement results have accurate in-band response and bandwidth. Simultaneous equations for Chebyshev filters of order $N leq 9$ are derived for determining geometric parameters of the coupled stages. The tradeoff between circuit bandwidth and ripple level is discussed. In experiments, three planar or quasi-planar structures, including the coupled-line with aperture in the ground plane, the three-line microstrip, and the broadside-coupled lines, are employed to realize the end stages for implementing the high coupling levels. Experimental filters of order up to nine with fractional bandwidth of 30% or 40% are fabricated and measured. The results show good agreement with predictions by the theory and simulation.      

Asymmetric Realizations for Dual-Mode Bandpass Filters

Two analytic synthesis techniques are presented for even-degree dual-mode in-line prototype networks up to degree 14. Commencing with the coupling matrix for the double cross-coupled array, rotational transformations are applied to transform the matrix into the form required for the dual-mode in-line asymmetric structure. "Asymmetric" here means that the coupling elements (irises, screws) are unequal in value about the physical center of the filter. The necessity for these asymmetric solutions arose when it was discovered that it was impossible to realize certain useful transmission characteristics with the symmetric in-line structure, on account of their transmission zero pattern in the complex-plane representation of the transfer function. Furthermore, because the full coupling matrix is used instead of the even-mode matrix as with the symmetric solution, the asymmetric in-line realization process may be applied to electrically asymmetric matrices, such as those for single ended filters for multiplexer applications. To demonstrate the validity of the theory, a practical model of each type of realization has been constructed.     

UWB Elliptical Monopoles With a Reconfigurable Band Notch Using MEMS Switches Actuated Without Bias Lines

Two CPW-fed elliptical monopoles were fabricated on liquid crystal polymer (LCP) with reconfigurable rejection band (band-notch) characteristics in the frequency range between 5 and 6 GHz. The first antenna uses a $lambda/2$ long, U-shaped slot and the second antenna uses two symmetrically placed $lambda/4$ long, inverted L-shaped stubs as resonating elements. Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) switches are used to activate and deactivate the resonating elements without the need of dc bias lines due to a novel design of the switch geometry. Transmission line models and surface current distributions are used to explain the effect of the added resonating elements. Reflection coefficient radiation pattern and gain measurements are presented to verify the design concepts featuring a very satisfactory performance.      

Switchable Embedded Notch Structure for UWB Bandpass Filter

A reconfigurable ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) with switchable notch for UWB system is presented. The UWB BPF is embedded with two identical switchable notch structures, in which PIN diodes are used for electronic switching. A bias circuit for UWB applications was investigated and designed to control the state of PIN diodes in order to activate or deactivate the notch without an affect on the response of the BPF. A demonstrator for this type of switchable notch UWB filter is designed and fabricated. Simulated and measured results are described.      

Design of Digital Notch Filters

It is shown that a second-order digital notch filter is uniquely characterized by two distinct parameters, the notch frequency and the 3-dB rejection bandwidth. As a result, such a filter can be realized using only two multipliers. Methods are outlined to design a notch filter for a prescribed notch frequency and a prescribed 3-dB rejection bandwidth, along with procedures for postdesign adjustment of these parameters. All two-multiplier, canonic and noncanonic, notch filter configurations are developed using the multiplier extraction approach. These networks are then compared with regard to the effect of internal multiplication roundoff errors. Results of computer simulation of the notch filter configurations are also included.     

Electrically Tunable Terahertz Notch Filters

In this letter we present a switchable THz notch filter. The filter contains a liquid crystal layer that acts as a half wave retarder in one state and as an isotropic layer in the other state. The device combines three unique properties: it can be switched electrically, it provides a filter depth of 35 dB at 350 GHz and it can be tuned over wide frequency range from 350 GHz to 700 GHz.     

巴特沃斯数字陷波滤波器的设计

随着数字技术的发展,数字滤波器在许多领域得到广泛的应用。研究一种在Matlab语言环境下设计IIR数字陷波滤波器的方法,在数字陷波滤波器设计过程中,先进行模拟低通滤波器的设计,然后进行模拟低通/模拟带阻滤波器转换,最后采用双线性变化法将模拟陷波滤波器转化成数字陷波滤波器。提出一种用所有零点和极点来表达数字陷波器传递函数的方法,同时给出以巴特沃斯模拟低通为原型设计数字陷波滤波器的程序。