高能球磨制备纳米CeO2/Al复合粉末

采用高能球磨法制备了纳米CeO2／Al复合粉末，并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射显微镜(FEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及能谱分析(EDS)等测试分析手段，对球磨过程中复合粉末相结构、组织形貌和成分分布的变化进行了研究。结果表明：随着球磨时间的增加，纳米CeO2团聚体逐渐进入Al颗粒中，并被很好地分散开来，呈均匀弥散分布；Al晶粒尺寸不断细化。     

纳米CeO2/Zn复合材料制备及其性能研究

采用高能球磨法制备了纳米CeO2/Zn复合粉末，用粉末冶金真空热压烧结制备了纳米CeO2/Zn复合材料块体；利用X射线衍射（XRD）、场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）等测试分析手段，对复合粉末、块体组织结构进行了研究；比较了不同纳米CeO2含量的Zn复合材料的耐蚀性和硬度并优选出耐蚀性和硬度最好时CeO2的最佳含量范围.结果表明，纳米CeO2颗粒的加入能显著提高金属的耐蚀性、硬度和金属结构的致密均匀性.并于纳米CeO2含量在1%时显示了最佳的耐蚀性、硬度和微观组织结构.     

纳米CeO2及其复合催化剂的制备及对CO氧化的催化性能

以硝酸铈和氢氧化钠为原料,使用超声雾化工艺实现微区反应制备纳米CeO2粉体和掺铜CeO2复合粉体;再以硝酸铈为铈源,氨水为沉淀剂,用凹凸棒石为载体合成凹凸棒石负载CeO2纳米复合材料.利用XRD、TEM、HRTEM和BET-N2等手段对所得产物的成分、物相结构和形貌进行表征,研究所制备的纳米CeO2及其复合催化剂对CO氧化的催化性能.结果表明:所制备的纳米CeO2粉体和掺铜CeO2复合粉体呈球形,粒径均为4～5 nm,且单分散性好;所合成的CeO2/凹凸棒石纳米复合材料中,CeO2颗粒均匀包覆在凹凸棒石表面.催化实验结果表明:CeO2颗粒越小、比表面积越大,对CO氧化的催化活性就越高;凹凸棒石负载CeO2纳米复合催化剂具有很强的协同催化效应,可提高其催化活性;Cu(5%)-Ce-O催化剂对CO氧化具有最好的催化活性,表明铜的掺入有利于提高CeO2在CO催化氧化反应中的低温活性,降低起燃温度.     

新型纳米复合镀层材料的制备与研究

采用纳米CeO2和Zn粉成功制备出CeO2/Zn纳米复合材料作为镀层材料,并利用X射线衍射、场发射扫描电镜等测试分析手段,对复合材料组织结构进行研究,比较了不同纳米CeO2含量复合材料的耐蚀性和硬度。结果表明:纳米CeO2颗粒的加入能显著提高金属的耐蚀性、硬度和金属结构的致密均匀性,并在纳米CeO2含量为1%时显示了最佳的耐蚀性、硬度和微观组织结构。     

超声-脉冲电沉积制备Ni-CeO2纳米复合材料

采用超声波辅助脉冲电沉积法制备Ni-CeO2纳米复合材料,用正交试验法评价了CeO2纳米颗粒添加量、平均电流密度、脉冲占空比、脉冲频率、超声波频率和功率、搅拌速率等工艺参数对复合材料中纳米颗粒共沉积量的影响,并对纳米复合材料的显微硬度和表面形貌进行了分析.结果表明,CeO2纳米颗粒添加量对复合材料中CeO2共沉积量的影响最大.利用超声波的空化效应,选取适当的脉冲电沉积工艺参数,可以获得高硬度的Ni-CeO2纳米复合材料;超声-脉冲电沉积制备的Ni-CeO2纳米复合材料晶粒细小且分布均匀.     

超音速电弧喷雾Ag-Ni、Ag-Fe粉末的快速凝固组织特征

采用超音速电弧喷射雾化制备Ag-10Ni、Ag-5Fe合金粉末,采用SEM对合金粉末的快速凝固组织特征进行研究.结合相图和X射线能谱(EDS)对快速凝固组织形成机制进行分析.结果表明:Ag-10Ni、Ag-5Fe粉末的快速凝固组织特征为α(Ag)+β(Ni)+Ni、α(Ag)+β(Fe)+Fe,α(Ag)、β(Ni)、β(Fe)为亚稳扩展固溶体;α(Ag)为树枝晶组织,二次枝晶间距约0.2 (m;β(Ni)、β(Fe)是弥散分布在α(Ag)中的微纳米球形粒子;直径较大的β(Ni)、β(Fe)中互弥散分布着纳米α(Ag)和Ag.     

纳米氧化铈抛光液对钌的化学机械抛光

采用液相沉淀法制备了纳米CeO2磨料,利用X射线衍射(XRD)表征其物相组成.通过纳米粒度仪研究了分散剂种类、热处理温度对CeO2磨料制备的悬浮液的粒径分布和Zeta电势的影响.用由CeO2磨料制备的抛光液对钌进行化学机械抛光,采用原子力显微镜观察钌片表面的微观形貌.结果表明:制备的粉体是具有立方萤石型结构的纳米CeO2,其晶粒尺寸随热处理温度的升高而增大;CeO2磨料在以六偏磷酸钠(SHMP)作为分散剂的悬浮液中分散效果最好;在抛光压力为6.9 kPa,抛光台转速为50 r/min,抛光液流量为50 mL/min,抛光液pH值为10.0,抛光液主要组成(质量分数)为1％ CeO2,1％(NH4)2S2O8,0.01％ SHMP的条件下,钌的抛光速率达到9.0 nm/min,表面粗糙度Ra值为2.2 nm.     

Ti-6Cr-5Mo-5V-4Al合金中α相的析出行为及对力学性能的影响

对比研究了Ti-6Cr-5Mo-5V-4Al合金双时效和单时效对α相析出行为及力学性能的影响。组织观察显示,合金固溶淬火后得到等轴β晶粒。经过低温预时效后,在β晶内获得均匀弥散的α相团簇组织,但在β晶界出现无析出区(PFZ)。这种β晶内/晶界分区析出特征直接影响后续高温时效形貌。双时效后,在β晶内析出细小均匀的α相,但在β晶界,α相呈粗大片状。与之相比,单时效后,α相分布较为均匀,都为粗大层片。拉伸结果表明,与单时效试样相比,双时效试样抗拉强度高达约1630 MPa,但延伸率较差(约2%)。这种高强度归结为组织中亚微米、纳米量级α粒子强烈的析出强化效应,而急剧的延性损失主要源于β晶界处粗大α片诱发的形变局域化进而导致早期沿晶脆性断裂。     

CeO2纳米水溶胶的制备

采用胶溶法合成了纳米CeO2水溶胶，探讨了合成CeO2水溶胶的最佳实验条件，研究了pH值、反应物浓度、水浴温度对胶溶过程的影响。TEM3分析表明：所制备的水溶胶中的CeO2纳米粒子呈球形，约3nm，粒径分布均匀，无明显团聚现象；ED分析表明，CeO2纳米粒子为多晶结构，并有少量单晶结构。     

Mg-9Li-0.5Ca双相合金中共晶组织的形成及力学行为

在Mg-9Li双相合金中添加0.5%(质量分数,下同)Ca元素,通过磁悬浮熔炼及铜模吸铸方法熔炼制备了共晶型Mg-9Li-0.5Ca合金。组织观察表明,常规Mg-9Li双相合金中形成的α-Mg相为粗大短板条状,取向随机、均匀无序分布于β-Li基体中。而Mg-9Li-0.5Ca合金中形成了棒状交替排列的(α-Mg+β-Li)共晶团组织,在共晶团内,α-Mg相呈长纤维状(长宽比约为100)、并以一定取向定向排列;相比于Mg-9Li合金,共晶a-Mg相纤维间距及纤维直径显著减小、组织明显细化,a-Mg相体积分数显著增加;同时,大量纳米、亚微米级Mg_2Ca颗粒均匀弥散分布于α-Mg、β-Li晶粒内及两相界面上。由此导致具有该共晶组织的Mg-9Li-0.5Ca合金相比于Mg-9Li合金力学性能显著增加,室温拉伸屈服强度提高3%、抗拉强度提高3.5%,伸长率提高50%。分析表明,微量Ca元素的添加和铜模吸铸产生的较快的冷却速度,诱发Mg-9Li双相中细小(α-Mg+β-Li)共晶组织的形成,显著提高力学性能。     

MICROSTRUCTURE ANALYSIS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Zn—Al ALLOY ROD PRODUCED BY HEATED MOLD CONTINUOUS CASTING

The new technology of continuous casting by heated mold was used to produce directional solidification ZA alloy lines to eliminate the inter defects of these lines and increase their mechanical properties. The results are as follows: (1) The microstruc-ture of the ZA alloy lines is the parallel directional dendritic columnar crystal. Every dendritic crystal of eutectic alloy ZA5 was composed of many layer eutectic β and η phases. The micro structure of hypereutectic ZA alloys is primary dendritic crystal and interdendritic eutectic structure. The primary phase of ZA8 and ZA12 is β, among them, but the primary phase of ZA22 and ZA27 is a. (2) Through the test to the as-cast ZA alloy lines made in continuous casting by heated mold, it is found that the tensile strength and hardness increase greatly, but the elongation decreases. With the increase of aluminum amount from ZA 5 to ZA 12, ZA22 and ZA27, the tensile strength increases gradually. ZA27 has the best comprehensive mechanical properties in these     

搅拌铸造ZA27合金的组织与性能

研究了在非稳态条件下,搅拌铸造工艺参数对ＺＡ２７合金的凝固过程及初生相组织形貌转变的影响。结果表明,当持续电磁搅拌时,凝固组织中的初生相能变为细小的近似球形的颗粒,而其主要力学性能与经Ｔｉ－Ｂ变形处理的结果相近;如果搅拌后的冷却速度较快,则使包晶反应减少,初生非枝晶固相颗粒和非平衡共晶组织增多,研究还发现,温度和搅拌速度能控制ＺＡ２７合金半固态浆料的初生相分数及分布,随着搅拌或搅拌时间的增加,基体     

旋转磁场对ZA-27合金组织的影响

采用电磁搅拌法 ,研究在旋转磁场作用下对ZA 2 7合金组织的影响 ,并对流变组织的形成机理作了初步的探讨。还研究了改变工艺条件 (如交替改变磁场旋转方向和加入微量合金元素 )对流变组织的影响     

钢丸增强ZA27复合材料的制备与摩擦磨损特性

采用搅溶加压铸造研制了钢丸增强ＺＡ２７复合材料（ＺＳＣ），复合工艺简便，ＺＳＣ组织致密，钢丸与基体呈冶金结合，切削加工性能良好；在干摩擦和油润条件下，ＺＳＣ的耐磨性随钢丸量的增加而增加，并优于相同试验条件下的ＺＡ２７合金；干摩擦下ＺＳＣ具有自润滑能力和良好的耐磨减摩性能，油润下随滑动速度和载荷的增大其耐磨性较ＺＡ２７更具优势。     

旋转磁场对ZA—27合金组织的影响

采用电磁搅拌法，研究在旋转磁场作用下对ＺＡ－２７合金组织的影响，并对流变组织的形成机理作了初步的探讨。还研究了改变工艺条件（如交替改变磁场旋转方向和加入微量合金元素）对流变组织的影响。     

Microstructure,mechanical properties and creep resistance of Mg–(8%–12%)Zn–(2%–6%)Al alloys

The microstructural characteristics, mechanical properties and creep resistance of Mg–(8%–12%)Zn–(2%–6%)Al alloys were investigated to get a better overall understanding of these series alloys. The results indicate that the microstructure of the alloys ZA82, ZA102 and ZA122 with the mass ratio of Zn to Al of 4–6 is mainly composed of α-Mg matrix and two different morphologies of precipitates (block τ-Mg₃₂(Al, Zn)₄₉ and dense lamellar ε-Mg₅₁Zn₂₀), the alloys ZA84, ZA104 and ZA124 with the mass ratio of 2–3 contain α-Mg matrix and only block τ phases, and the alloys ZA86, ZA106 and ZA126 with the mass ratio of 1–2 consist of α-Mg matrix, block τ precipitates, lamellar ?-Al₂Mg₅Zn₂ eutectics and flocculent β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ compounds. The alloys studied with the mass ratio of Zn to Al of 2–3 exhibit high creep resistance, and the alloy ZA124 with the continuous network of τ precipitating along grain boundaries shows the highest creep resistance.     

纳米磨料硬度对超光滑表面抛光粗糙度的影响

通过均相沉淀法制备了纳米CeO2和Al2O3粉体,研究了在相同抛光条件下纳米CeO2、Al2O3和SiO2磨料对硅片的抛光效果,用原子力显微镜观察了抛光表面的微观形貌并测量其表面粗糙度.结果表明:纳米CeO2磨料抛光后表面具有更低的表面粗糙度,在5 靘5 靘范围内表面粗糙度Ra值为0.240 nm,而且表面的微观起伏更趋向于平缓;考虑了纳米磨料在抛光条件下所发生的自身变形,其变形量相当于一部分抵消了纳米磨料嵌入基体材料的切削深度,而这个切削深度最终决定了抛光表面的粗糙度;分析指出这个变形量与纳米磨料的硬度成反比,硬度低的纳米磨料由于自身变形量大,导致切削深度小,抛光后表面的粗糙度值低.解释了在相同的抛光条件下不同硬度的纳米磨料具有不同的抛光表面粗糙度的原因.     

Effect of rare earths on phase transformation in as-cast ZA27 alloy dur-ing compressive creep

The effect of the mixed rare earths of Ce on the phase transformation in as cast ZA27 alloy during compressive creep was investigated under 37 MPa and at 160℃ by X-ray diffraction technique and SEM. The results showed that the as cast microstructure of ZA27-RE alloy consisted of a dendritic Al-rich a' surrounded by Zn-rich β' phase, interdendritic ε phase and Zn-rich η phase together with a complex Z phase which was a complex constitute compound, (RE,Cu)Al5Zn16, dispersed in crystal interfaces or branch crystal interfaces and stable during compressive creep test at 160'C. The phase transformations of ZA27-RE alloy, decomposition of β' phase and four transformation, were delayed by the addition of rare earths, also the lamellar structure and the spheroidized structure in ZA27-RE alloy were finer than in ZA27 alloy during compressive creep test at 160℃ at the same creep time, and the compressive creep resistance of ZA27-RE alloy was higher than that of ZA27 alloy.     

AlP变质Si合金化ZA84合金的组织及力学性能

借助光学显微镜和JEM-2000FX透射电子显微镜(配备OXFORD ISIS EDXS附件)等分析手段,研究了AlP变质Si合金化ZA84合金的组织及力学性能。结果表明,ZA84合金、Si合金化ZA84(S1)合金及AlP变质Si合金化ZA84(P01)合金经固溶处理后,其Mg2Si及τ相的尖锐棱角变钝。ZA84合金的峰值时效时间在2 h,其纳米级的析出相沿基体α-Mg的(0001)密排面的[1010]晶向析出,而S1及P01合金的峰值时效时间推迟至8 h左右,其纳米级的析出相无取向分布。合金的析出机制均为连续析出。ZA84合金通过Si合金化、AlP对组织的变质和细化以及合金热处理,其力学性能得到了显著提高。     

Preparation of Semi-Solid AlSi7Mg Alloy Slurry

The semi-solid AlSi7Mg alloy slurry of large size was prepared by the low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring in this paper. The effects of pouring temperature and stirring power on the microstructure of the AlSi7Mg alloy slurry were studied. The results show that the semi-solid AlSi7Mg alloy slurry of 127mm in diameter can be prepared by the low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring technology and this new technology can save energy and make the pouring process convenient. When the liquid AlSi7Mg alloy is poured at 650 or 630, the solidified microstructure of the AlSi7Mg alloy slurry prepared by the weak electromagnetic stirring is remarkably improved compared with that of the slurry without stirring, the primary -Al grains appear rosette-like or spherical. When the pouring temperature is decreased, the shape of the primary -Al grains is gradually changed from dendritic-like grains to spherical grains. When the pouring temperature is appropriately increased, namely raised to a certain superheat, the pouring process becomes easier and an ideal spherical microstructure of the AlSi7Mg alloy slurry prepared by the weak electromagnetic stirring can also be obtained, in this experiment, when the stirring power is 0.36kW, the optimized pouring temperature parameter is 630.When the AlSi7Mg alloy slurry is prepared by the low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring, when the pouring temperature is 630,increasing the stirring power appropriately could gain better spherical primary -Al grains,but if the stirring power is increased to a certain value, the shape of the primary 冄-Al grains is not further improved, in this experiment, the optimized stirring power parameter is 0.36kW.