金属和复合材料单钉接头变形与失效分析

采用大型有限元软件ANSYS的参数化编程语言APDL,编写了金属和复合材料层压板紧固件连接三维建模和损伤失效分析程序。模型考虑了连接区复杂多面接触、预紧力、摩擦力和紧固件变形,采用了复合材料分区失效退化。进行了两种铺层单钉双剪连接件拉伸试验,记录从开始加载到最终失效过程中连接件的载荷-变形位移曲线(P-δ曲线)和破坏强度。计算预测结果和试验结果在P-δ曲线、破坏模式和拉伸强度上取得了很好的一致。     

高强度砂浆群钉连接件抗剪承载力试验

在混凝土桥面板预留孔浇筑高强度砂浆包裹群钉连接件以实现钢梁与混凝土有效结合.为了得到高强度砂浆包裹的焊钉的剪切强度及分析不同群钉布置形式对抗剪承载力的影响,进行了1组单钉基本力学试验和5组不同群钉布置形式的焊钉力学性能试验.试验结果表明:采用高强度砂浆包裹焊钉的连接方式可靠,焊钉具有较高的抗剪强度,单钉承载力平均值为197.2kN.在群钉连接件中不同的焊钉布置方式对承载力有一定影响,总体上随焊钉数量的增多,平均的单钉承载力呈下降趋势,焊钉数量最多的NS25试件,其平均单钉承载力为160kN,为单钉推出试验值的81%.此外,根据多排焊钉的荷载-滑移曲线,给出了多排焊钉的荷载-滑移关系表达式,与试验结果比较表明,所给表达式的结果与试验结果吻合较好.     

重复荷载作用后栓钉连接件的剩余力学性能

为研究钢-混凝土组合结构中栓钉连接件在疲劳荷载作用后的力学性能退化规律,基于标准推出试验方法,对共计11个栓钉连接件的推出试件进行了三组试验,分别为推出试件的静载破坏试验、完全疲劳破坏试验以及经历一定疲劳荷载循环次数后的静载破坏试验.在得到栓钉推出试件的静力承载力和疲劳寿命的基础上,分析总结了不同疲劳荷载循环次数后的栓钉推出试件的抗剪承载力、抗剪刚度、延性等力学性能的变化情况,并建立了考虑力学性能退化的栓钉荷载-滑移本构模型.结果表明:(1)栓钉连接件在静载破坏、疲劳破坏以及疲劳后静载破坏下呈现三种不同的截面破坏特征;(2)疲劳荷载作用下,栓钉推出试件的各项剩余力学指标均呈非线性退化,退化趋势显著;(3)文中所建立的栓钉荷载-滑移本构模型,形式简单,便于应用,且计算值与试验值吻合良好.     

钢混桥塔结合段内剪力连接件的弹性刚度计算

对于单一开孔板连接件或剪力钉连接件力学特性的研究,各国学者已进行了大量数值分析与试验的探索,得出了单一开孔板连接件或剪力钉连接件的力学行为。但实际混合桥塔的钢-混结合段内部是由大量开孔板连接件和剪力钉连接件形成的群钉组合连接件构成的。当前对于钢-混结构内组合连接件的研究比较匮乏,还没有明确的数值模型及理论推导用于组合连接件传力规律的研究。且组合连接件本身的设计参数对抗压性能的影响也还需要进一步的明确。因此,以顺德大桥的桥塔钢混结合段内的一种组合剪力连接件为实例,研究此抗剪连接件在弹性加载阶段,其内部的开孔板连接件和剪力钉连接件分别对该单层组合剪力连接件抗压刚度的贡献;建立弹簧模型,推出此单层组合剪力连接件弹性刚度的计算公式;利用ABAQUS有限元软件对单层组合剪力连接件进行加载仿真模拟分析,在弹性加载阶段其荷载-位移曲线呈极强的线性关系,拟合后与所推导公式的弹性刚度计算结果进行比对。结果表明：单孔开孔板连接件抗压刚度解析解与数值解的误差为4.87%,单根剪力钉连接件的抗压刚度解析解与数值解的误差为0.903%,单层组合剪力连接件的抗压刚度解析解与数值解的误差为11.54%,所推导弹性刚...     

钢-UHPC组合梁单钉连接件抗拔性能分析

为研究钢-UHPC组合梁单钉连接件的抗拔性能,通过6组UHPC中单钉连接件的拉拔试验和ANSYS软件数值计算,分析了栓钉直径、高度对抗拔承载力和破坏模式的影响.提出了钢-UHPC单钉连接件抗拔承载力计算公式,得到了不同UHPC和栓钉强度下栓钉钉杆拉断和UHPC开裂2种典型破坏模式的高径比界限.结果表明,若高径比大于界限值,抗拔试件破坏时栓钉钉杆被拉断,UHPC板完好,属于延性破坏;若高径比小于界限值,试件为UHPC开裂破坏,栓钉脱出,UHPC冲切破坏面与竖直面的夹角约为43°,属于脆性破坏.钢-UHPC单钉连接件抗拔承载力公式的计算值略低于模拟值,相对误差小于10%.     

多钉连接复合材料板钉传载荷的计算

多钉连接钉传载荷的计算是一个重要而复杂的问题。传统的方法是将被连接件简单看成刚性体，其结果难以满足实际需要。有限元法由于大量钉孔的存在，网格的划分势必很复杂。本文将被连接件看成是弹性体，以经典结构力学和平面各向异性弹性理论的复变函数解法为基础，给出了计算多钉连接复合材料板钉传载荷的线性代数方程组并进行了算例分析，结果表明，钉载分配存在着严重的非均匀性。     

剪力连接件静载和疲劳试验研究

共进行了9 只栓钉连接件和6 只带孔钢板连接件的疲劳和静载破坏试验研究, 分析了混凝土材料类型和强度等级、连接件类型、横向配筋等参数对连接件疲劳性能和极限承载力的影响,建立了相应的疲劳强度与极限承载力计算公式.     

钢-UHPC界面栓钉与PBL混合剪力连接件试验研究

为深入研究钢-超高性能混凝土（UHPC）界面栓钉与PBL混合剪力连接件的抗剪性能,提出实用的计算方法指导工程设计应用,基于实际工程背景,设计了6组共12个模型试件并进行了推出试验. 试验结果表明：1）UHPC中栓钉剪力连接件、PBL剪力连接件、栓钉与PBL混合剪力连接件的荷载-滑移曲线具有相似的曲线特征,均可分为弹性、塑性损伤及破坏三个阶段. 2）在正常使用阶段,混合剪力连接件中栓钉与PBL共同承受荷载,其分担荷载比例与各自刚度成正比. 针对UHPC中栓钉及PBL的抗剪性能进行理论分析,分别提出了UHPC中栓钉以及PBL的荷载-滑移全曲线实用经验公式、抗剪承载力计算式及抗剪刚度建议取值方法等. 分析栓钉与PBL混合剪力连接件中各部分受力分配情况,在荷载按刚度分配原理基础上,提出了UHPC界面栓钉与PBL混合剪力连接件的荷载-滑移全曲线实用经验公式. 最后利用本文提出的UHPC界面栓钉与PBL混合剪力连接件实用公式对实桥墩柱进行验算表明,抗剪安全系数为2.17,剪切滑移量为0.04 mm,符合实际工程承载极限状态及正常使用状态的要求. 本文提出了栓钉与PBL混合剪力连接件的计算方法,为其工程应用奠定了基础.     

考虑疲劳损伤的栓钉式组合梁剩余承载力计算方法

为研究钢-混组合梁在疲劳荷载下剩余承载力退化规律，引入考虑栓钉初始缺陷的基于断裂力学的承载力退化模型及经典钢梁、混凝土板承载力退化模型，并通过考虑不同疲劳荷载后退化为非完全抗剪结构的剩余极限承载力计算模型，建立了组合梁在常幅疲劳荷载下的剩余承载力预测计算方法，通过典型5组试验梁疲劳试验数据的对比验证了所提出的预测方法的有效性，在此基础上对关键影响因素进行了参数分析.结果表明：本文提出的承载力计算方法具有较高的准确性，误差控制在8%以内；疲劳加载下，组合梁各构件强度以不同速率发生退化，栓钉最快，钢梁次之，混凝土板最慢，且加载前期组合梁承载力退化程度由钢梁主导，后期由栓钉连接件主导；承载力退化速率随着加载次数的增加而不断增加，前期增长较缓，基本呈线性分布，后期增加迅速，呈指数型分布，其后期承载力衰减占总衰减的比例可高达70%以上；栓钉间距（抗剪连接度）、栓钉初始缺陷、荷载幅值是控制疲劳承载力退化的重要因素，需在工程设计中加以控制以满足桥梁正常运营.     

超高性能混凝土组合桥面板集群化短焊钉抗疲劳特性

进行4个单钉和2个群钉疲劳推出试验,将短焊钉疲劳寿命与国内外规范中的焊钉S-N曲线进行比较,并结合塑性损伤有限元模型展开分析。结果表明：短焊钉疲劳破坏表现为根部剪断和周围超高性能混凝土（UHPC）局部压溃;集群化短焊钉疲劳寿命较单钉减少26.9%,在疲劳加载过程中抗剪刚度退化显著快于单钉,当加载次数达到疲劳寿命的12.0%附近时,抗剪刚度比减小至16%左右;AASHTO规范有较大的安全储备,相比之下日本规范（JSCE）与试验结果最为接近,安全富余较少。此外,疲劳荷载下集群化短焊钉根部循环应变幅大于单钉,而且周边UHPC的塑性损伤累积分布更大。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to