声扭波在单模光纤中的应用

光纤中的基模LP01有两种偏振态,通过在油光纤方面加入声扭波可以引起两个偏振模发生耦合,本文主要介绍了声扭波和振幅和色散关系,同时也发现,采用高阶声扭波可以提高耦合系数的值。     

Degree of Polarization in Anisotropic Single-Mode Optical Fibers: Theory

The degree of polarization for propagation waves in anisotropic single-mode fibers is formulated in terms of light source spectrum, incident polarization condition, and fiber parameters. The polarization degree deterioration is based on the incident wave split into two eigenpolarization modes inherent in the fiber. Since the two eigenpolarization modes have different group velocities from each other, the degree of polarization is degraded when both of the modes are excited. Polarization degree is preserved when only one of the eigenpolarization modes is excited. The degradation is determined by the mutual correlation function gamma, between the two modes, which depends on the light source spectra, fiber polarization dispersion, and fiber length.     

分布反馈光纤激光器模式特性分析

根据耦合波理论,在分析分布反馈(DFB)光纤激光器纵模特性的基础上,着重阐述其偏振特性。另外给出了偏振态同耦合系数和双偏振态相移量差的关系。理论分析结果表明,当分布反馈光纤激光器输出为0阶模时,输出激光的偏振状态由耦合系数和双偏振态的相移量差共同决定,即在耦合系数一定的情况下,通过增加双偏振态相移量的差,或在双偏振态相移量差一定的情况下,通过减小耦合系数,可以实现单偏振输出。实验中在经载氢处理的掺铒光纤上制作分布反馈光纤激光器,由于耦合系数较大和双折射效应过小,输出为双偏振态。     

Statistical properties of the DGD in a long-haul optical fiber system with temporally drifting birefringence

Due to the temporal drift of the fiber birefringence in an optical fiber transmission system, the polarization mode dispersion (PMD) effects measured in a time window can be quite different for different time windows of the same duration. Every 10 s for 10 days, the accumulated differential group delay (DGD) was repeatedly measured at 5000 km in a 107-km recirculating loop with loop-synchronous polarization scrambling. In each DGD measurement, the polarization dispersion vector of the 107-km-long fiber was also measured. To model the measured temporal variation of the DGD, two different perturbation algorithms were used to construct random walks through the configuration space of birefringent fibers, where each fiber realization is determined by the standard coarse-step method. With these simulation models, the statistical properties of the spread of the DGD samples over a finite time period were reproduced.     

Random coupling theory of single-mode optical fibers

A random coupling theory is developed for analyzing the propagation characteristics of the polarization state of light in single-mode optical fibers (including conventional and polarization maintaining fibers) under random disturbances. The basic idea is that the disturbances that a fiber suffers in practice continuously change with time and space, so time-varying coupling will occur along the fiber between two linearly polarized modes HE₁₁ that may propagate in the fiber. A coupled-mode equation of single-mode fibers under random disturbances is derived and solved rigorously with few assumptions. A random coupled-mode equation is derived considering time and space variation. Analytic solutions are obtained and used for analyzing the effect of random birefringence, polarization dispersion, polarization fluctuation, and evolution of the degree of polarization in single-mode fibers and for characterizing fiber properties     

Investigation of polarization dispersion in long lengths of single-mode fiber using multilongitudinal mode lasers

We have used multilongitudinal mode lasers to investigate the polarization properties of long lengths of single-mode fiber cable. We find that the individual longitudinal modes are >99-percent polarized after propagation through 54.6 km of cabled fiber; however, the different longitudinal modes have different states of polarization at the output. This difference is caused by polarization dispersion, and we estimate a propagation delay difference for the two principal states of polarization to be 0.42 ps in the 54.6 km of cabled fiber.     

受激布里渊散射光纤陀螺中光偏振特性的研究

从Jones矩阵理论出发 ,利用统计平均的方法 ,导出在受激布里渊散射光纤陀螺 (SBS FOG)敏感环中保偏光纤熔接点处偏振主轴进行θ角旋转后 ,传输光的偏振度P与光纤敏感环各参数之间的函数关系。在此基础上 ,进一步分析了光纤敏感环中传输光偏振本征态的特性 ,得出当L1=L2 ,θ =90°时在敏感环中的传输光不仅具有最大偏振度 ,而且还使其中的两个本征偏振态 (ESOP)达到稳定的结论     

单偏振单模微结构聚合物光纤的设计

设计了一种聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)基的单偏振单模(SPSM)微结构聚合物光纤(MPOF)。采用全矢量平面波展开法并结合完美匹配边界条件,对其偏振特性进行了理论模拟。详细讨论了微结构光纤参数的变化对单偏振单模带宽和工作波长的影响,发现在0.57～0.71μm的可见光波长范围,由于基模两个正交偏振模的截止波长不同,这种微结构聚合物光纤只能传输基模中的一个偏振模。光束传播法计算表明,在波长0.65μm处具有7圈空气孔的单偏振单模微结构聚合物光纤的传导偏振模约束损耗仅为1.24dB/m,这种低损耗的单偏振单模微结构聚合物光纤可有效消除传统保偏光纤固有的偏振串扰和偏振模色散。     

Geometrical birefringence in a class of step-index fiber

Based on a scalar wave equation including the geometrical effect, an effective-index method is developed for the calculation of geometrical birefringence, i.e., the difference in phase velocity between the two fundamental polarization modes, in a weakly guiding step-index fiber, of which the core can be of rectangular, elliptical, rhomboid or any other shape belonging to the same class, with arbitrary aspect ratio. Numerical results show that the method is very efficient and accurate in obtaining the birefringence and can also provide very useful information on the birefringenee-induced dispersion in the fiber.     

偏振模色散对单模光纤的影响

单模光纤的偏振模色散是两个相互正交偏振模之间的差分群时延 ,是高速率数字系统性能的限制因素之一 ,我们必须深刻理解偏振模色散的理论 ,才能在施工时采取相应的措施 ,保证光纤系统的施工质量     

扭转椭圆双折射光纤环形腔输出特性

对扭转椭圆双折射光纤环形腔的带阻输出特性进行了分析和计算。结果表明，任意椭圆偏振态输入，光纤的双折射和扭转使光纤环形腔带阻输出特性中的谐振峰分裂为两组，对应于光纤的两个本征偏振态。谐振频率发生偏移，偏移量取决于光纤的双折射参数和扭转速率，两组谐振峰的相对幅度取决于光纤的双折射参数、扭转速率和输入偏振态。若输入偏振态为双折射光纤本征偏振态之一，就仅出现一组谐振峰。光纤的双折射和扭转对环形腔的精细度没有影响。     

偏振模色散和时延抖动对啁啾光纤光栅色散补偿特性的影响

对存在偏振模色散(PMD)和群时延(GD)抖动的非理想线性啁啾光纤光栅的色散补偿特性进行了研究。实验测量了啁啾光纤光栅的群时延谱和偏振模色散光谱，理论分析和实验测量表明，啁啾光纤光栅差分群时延(DGD)抖动与其时延抖动密切相关。通过数值模拟方法，计算了线性啁啾光纤光栅偏振模色散眼图代价与入射到啁啾光纤光栅色散补偿器的光信号的偏振方向的关系，计算结果表明在使用啁啾光纤光栅色散补偿器时应对光信号的偏振方向进行调整，以获得最佳补偿效果。另外结合实验数据，模拟计算并讨论了非理想线性啁啾光纤光栅群时延抖动和偏振模色散引起的信号的展宽和脉冲形状的劣化。     

Bias of an optical passive ring-resonator gyro caused by themisalignment of the polarization axis in the polarization-maintainingfiber resonator

An analysis is presented of the bias of an optical passive ring-resonator gyro caused by the misalignment of the polarization axis in the resonator formed by the polarization-maintaining fiber. A large bias takes place when the phase difference between the two polarization modes of the fiber is equal to the amount of 2π times an integer. It is clarified that the bias can be suppressed by setting the fiber polarizers at the lead portions of the resonator, which was a method proposed originally to reduce the bias in an ideal resonator without the misalignment     

Analysis on state of polarization of stimulated Brillouinscattering in an optical fiber ring-resonator

As a basic study of a Brillouin fiber-optic gyro, the state of polarization of stimulated Brillouin scattering in an optical fiber ring-resonator is analyzed. A high-birefringent fiber ring-resonator with 90° polarization axis rotation at the splice is considered as a candidate to have a stable lasing. It has two special states of polarization as the lasing modes, namely the polarization lateral modes. The lasing frequencies, namely the longitudinal modes for one state are fixed just in the middle point between the two neighboring lasing frequencies for the other in this resonator. This means that the stable single mode lasing may be obtained. The lasing threshold, the alternation of the lasing modes are discussed both by the simplified theory and the strict theory     

光子晶体光纤的Galerkin算法

光子晶体光纤(PCF)是由石英和空气孔构成的二维周期性介电常数分布的微结构光纤，人们已经提出了一些理论方法用于其模式特征的研究。以全反射光子晶体光纤为例。将其折射率结构分解为一个纯粹的中心缺陷结构和一个完美二维光子晶体的叠加，并分别选取厄米-高斯函数和余弦函数对其周期性折射率展开；同时将横向电场分布的x，y分量用正交归一化厄米-高斯(Hermite-Gauss)函数展开。从电磁场的波动方程出发，忽略横向电场之间的耦合。根据折射率和电场的展开式。得到关于各展开系数的矩阵和模式的特征方程。特征方程中涉及的各矩阵元素都可以利用厄米-高斯函数的正交归一化性质及其他一些恒等式解析求得。求解该特征方程，可得到光子晶体光纤的传播常数和模场分布。利用此算法，可以进一步研究光子晶体光纤的模式特性、色散特性、偏振特性等。     

SBS—FOG中受激布里渊散射光偏振特性的理论分析

本文考虑了双折射效应对保偏光纤两个偏振主轴方向上受激布里渊散射（SBS）光增益的影响,利用Jones矩阵理论分析了受激布里渊散射光纤陀螺（SBS－FOG）敏感环中在保偏光纤熔接点进行角的偏振主轴旋转后受激布里渊散射光的偏振特性,得出当θ=90度时,在敏感环中的受激布里渊散射光不仅具有最大偏振度,而且还使其中的两个本征偏振态（ESOP）达到稳定的结论。θ     

Dispersion-tailored few-mode fibers: a versatile platform for in-fiber photonic devices

In-fiber devices enable a vast array of critical photonic functions ranging from signal conditioning (amplification, dispersion control) to network management (add/drop multiplexers, optical monitoring). These devices have become mainstays of fiber-optic communication systems because they provide the advantages of low loss, polarization insensitivity, high reliability, and compatibility with the transmission line. The majority of fiber devices reported to date are obtained by doping, designing, or writing gratings in the core of a single-mode fiber (SMF). Thus, these devices use the fiber only as a platform for propagating light-the device effect itself is due to some extraneously introduced material or structure (dopants for amplification, gratings for phase matching, etc.) There exists another, relatively less explored degree of freedom afforded by fibers-the ability to copropagate more than one mode. Each mode may have a uniquely defined modal dispersion and propagation characteristic. In this paper, we will describe the variety of fiber devices enabled by few-mode fibers-fibers that typically support two to four modes with suitably tailored dispersive properties. We will show that the unique dispersive properties of various modes, in conjunction with the ability to couple between them with gratings, leads to devices that offer novel solutions for dispersion compensation, spectral shaping, and polarization control, to name a few.     

Waveform degradation due to dispersion effects in an optical CPFSKsystem

Waveform degradation due to polarization and chromatic dispersions in a single-mode fiber is calculated for a coherent CPFSK signal. For a single-mode fiber with polarization dispersion of ⩽1 ps, chromatic dispersion almost dominates the system. However, if a fiber has polarization dispersion of more than a few picoseconds and a chromatic dispersion of less than 0.1 ps/km/nm, which can be attained by using a dispersion-shifted fiber and/or by electric dispersion compensation, polarization dispersion will restrict transmission capacity. For instance, polarization dispersion of 5 ps will restrict a bit rate by ~60 Gb/s when chromatic dispersion is fully reduced using a dispersion-shifted fiber or applying electrical equalization     

模间色散为零的双芯光子晶体光纤

设计一种在短波长处可以实现零模间色散的双芯光子晶体光纤,该光纤的包层气孔直径具有渐变结构。利用全矢量有限元法进行分析,得到光纤耦合系数、模间色散及走离距离特性随传输频率和结构参数的变化曲线。数值分析结果表明,可以通过调节双芯间小孔的直径,灵活控制耦合系数的变化。在特定的传输频率处,模间色散存在过零点。且双芯间小孔的直径越大,模间色散过零点所在的传输频率越低。当模间色散为零时,可以完全消除模式间相位不匹配导致的脉冲失真,从而实现能量的完全交换。     

双孔单元四边形晶格光子晶体光纤特性的研究

为了获得双空气孔单元四边形晶格排列光子晶体光纤的光学特性，采用有限元分析法对该型光纤进行了数值模拟计算，得到了该型光纤的双折射、限制损耗、偏振拍长及色散特性结果。结果表明，与椭圆空气孔方形晶格排列光子晶体光纤相比，在相同的空气占空比条件下，双空气孔单元方形晶格排列光子晶体光纤可以获得更高的双折射特性，达到10-2量级；该型光纤两偏振模的限制损耗差可达103量级。该型光纤易于制造，在光纤通信及光纤传感等领域有一定的应用前景。