基于三次谐波法的避雷器阻性电流测量方法研究

根据DL/T 987-2005标准所推荐避雷器泄漏电流标准波形,对阻性电流的测量电路进行了设计。整个系统采用电流传感器耦合的方法实现对泄漏电流的输出,然后将信号通过带通滤波器实现对全泄漏电流的三次谐波的提取,接着利用峰值检测电路实现对三次谐波的测量,同时结合三次谐波和基波之间的关系实现对基波分量的测量。整个论文对测量原理、六阶多重负反馈带通滤波电路以及峰值检测电路进行了详细地介绍。为了了解所设计电路的可行性,对整个电路进行了搭建和测量,由测量的结果可以看出,所设计的电路测试数据和输入数据之间的误差接近1%,这满足现场的测量要求。因此,所设计的电路可实现对避雷器阻性泄漏的测量。     

基于空心线圈的HVDC谐波电流测量及性能分析

高压直流输电中,换流装置将产生直流谐波从而造成危害.直流谐波电流的测量能实现有效的监控,并对谐波的抑制提供有效的前提保证.空心线圈测量直流谐波电流,其感应信号只与被测电流中的谐波分量有关,而与直流分量无关,解决了传统谐波电流互感器工作点与直流分量大小有关的难题.针对直流谐波电流测量幅值小、频带宽的特点及误差要求,分析了传感器及测量电路的灵敏度、误差和频率等性能.试验证明:合理地设计空心线圈与测量电路,可达到0.5%的测量准确度;结合光纤传输,现已实现120 kV高压直流谐波电流的测量,并通过了型式试验及电磁兼容试验.     

可控测量频带的牵引供电系统频域阻抗测量方法

牵引供电系统中,常发生因机车谐波电流注入与牵引供电系统谐振点频率相匹配,出现严重的谐波谐振问题。阻抗特性能精确反映出系统谐振点,因此急需发展频域阻抗测量技术。该文基于谐波激励方式,提出一种可控测量频带的牵引供电系统频域阻抗测量方法。利用鸟鸣脉宽调制信号(chirp pulse width modulation,chirp-PWM)驱动大功率谐波激励电路,只需一次扰动实验便能在牵引供电系统中产生所设定频带内的宽频谐波激励,根据响应电压、电流信息可计算获取设定频带内的阻抗信息。此方法充分减小传统基于扫频法测量阻抗的测量时间,且谐波激励电路结构简单,控制信号易于得到,测量频带可控。可为开发牵引供电系统频域阻抗测量装置提供重要参考。     

一种新型高压输电线路电压谐波检测方法的研究与设计

为了对高压输电线路电压谐波含量进行直接测量,及时了解输电线路谐波情况,笔者提出了一种基于场强法测量高压线路电压谐波信号的新方法,克服了传统测量方法不能获得高压线路电压谐波信号的问题。通过建立场强法获得电压信号的数学模型,并从理论上证明了其正确性;同时设计了谐波检测仪实际测量电路,验证了理论的正确性。高压输电线路谐波检测仪可以方便地检测出高压线路上电压的谐波含量。     

电容式电压互感器谐波传递特性试验电路研究

电容式电压互感器(Capacitor Voltage Transformer,CVT)在66 k V及以上电网的广泛应用,对其谐波传递特性研究日趋重要。本文运用黑箱理论并结合CVT电气构造特点,搭建一种可以获取CVT谐波传递特性的试验电路。从电容分压器结构和电介质材料角度研究电介质极化与外电场频率关系,确定在50 Hz~25 00 Hz范围内频率变化不影响电容分压器分压比。再整体分析试验电路,建立试验电路网络阻抗模型,仿真不同分压点电压之间关系,并通过试验进行相互验证,论证测量CVT谐波传递特性的试验电路的正确性。为测量CVT谐波传递特性提供科学规范的测量方法,对CVT谐波传递非线性机理深入研究具有重要意义。     

积分鉴相器中消除谐波误差的软件措施

前言积分鉴相器可以测量某电压矢量在已知参考电压方向上投影值的大小,是电子测量技术中使用较多的基本电路,在多种仪器,如RLC元件参数测量仪、矢量电压表中,都有广泛的应用。在影响积分鉴相器测量误差的诸因素中,谐波误差是一个较重要的因素。所谓电压矢量,总是针对其一特定频率(基波)的时间矢量。当在基波中叠加有高次谐波时就使测量结果产生误差,我们称这种误差为谐波误差。谐波的产生,除了测量电路本身的非线性以及测试信号源的失真以外,在某些特殊测量     

基于含谐波非正弦电路无功功率新概念的无功电表

谐波下无功功率的定义、计量问题一直是电力计量的难题.本文针对电网进行无功补偿的实际需要,基于含谐波非正弦电路无功功率新概念,设计了一种无功电表的硬件电路及软件实现,用该电表测量能分别显示基波、各次谐波产生的无功功率,最后提出了无功电表的改进方向.     

电容式电压互感器电路参数对电网谐波电压测量的影响

针对66 kV以上等级电网大多采用电容式电压互感器(capacitor voltage transformer,CVT)、其谐波传变特性定量规律不明、不宜进行谐波电压测量的现状,论证谐波条件下的CVT可等效为一线性电路,并以此为基础提出级联分级分析方法。结合实际参数对每级谐波传变特性进行分析,获得CVT电路参数对其谐波传变特性的定量影响规律,即明确利用CVT测量谐波电压的影响因素。仿真结果表明:中间变压器一次侧线圈的等效杂散电容将导致CVT幅频特性在1 kHz之后的某频率点发生放大;阻尼器参数影响50 Hz以上频段的频率特性变化率;负荷在1~10倍额定负荷范围变化以及中间变压器励磁阻抗在0.1~1倍额定参数范围变化时对CVT频率特性的影响可忽略。所得结论对CVT产品设计及利用其测量谐波电压具有借鉴意义。     

基于DSP的交流电参量测量仪的研究

在电力系统谐波环境下,采用传统仪器或常规微机测量算法会使电参量测量出现一定程度的误差。应用傅氏变换原理及FFT快速算法消除谐波对测量的影响,同时与DSP技术相结合,研制了以TI公司TMS320F240DSP为核心的测控装置,分析了仪器的硬件电路原理,实现了对交流电参量快速、准确、实时的测量。实验结果表明,本装置达到了国家标准对谐波测量仪器的要求。     

高通和低通滤波器对ADF谐波检测效果的研究

HVDC直流侧谐波电流的实时检测是直流有源滤波器(ADF)实现抑制谐波的重要环节。为获取有效电流信号，滤波器应该满足动态响应速度和测量精度的要求。本文研究了高通滤波器(HPF)和低通滤波器(LPF)对ADF谐波检测效果的影响，利用MATLAB仿真软件建立了相应的仿真电路，并就滤波器对谐波电流检测效果的影响进行了仿真研究，同时对两种电路的性能进行了对比。结果表明，谐波电流检测电路采用LPF，无论从设计上、可实现性上，还是从检测效果方面都有优势。     

适合集成电路实现的非均匀同步过采样谐波测量算法

从集成电路设计的角度,提出了一种基于非均匀同步过采样技术的谐波测量算法。通过合理设计过采样和降采样2个阶段中非均匀采样时钟频率的概率分布函数,使得频域的非均匀采样噪声可以被忽略。降采样得到的数据可以视为均匀同步采样的结果直接采用快速傅里叶变换进行分析,降低了对分析过程运算能力的要求。利用采样时钟的非均匀特性,大幅简化了延时锁定环路时钟产生电路的复杂度,降低了电路实现代价。仿真结果显示,算法大幅提高了谐波测量的精度。     

谐波检测方法的研究探讨

近些年来,电力网络在谐波方面的问题日渐突出,严重地影响到了电能质量。准确测量电力系统各次谐波参数对谐波分析和抑制有着重大的意义,可以确保电力系统可靠、安全、经济地运行。因此,主要采用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)测量方法,通过MATLAB软件的编程与Simulink模块对电路的谐波进行检测仿真,直观地分析并显示整流装置的谐波特性。     

一种基于人工神经网络的电力谐波测量方法

提出了一种新颖的电力谐波测量方法,它用一个多层前馈神经网络替代模拟并行式谐波测量装置中的带通滤 波器,使各次谐波都可以用这个训练过的神经网络测量出来。阐述了该神经网络训练样本的组成和训练方 法。对一含有谐波的畸变电流的仿真结果说明了这种测量方法的有效性。     

Computation of no-load iron losses including spatial harmonics and tooth pulsation components for cage motor

The contribution of spatial harmonics and tooth pulsation in iron losses of three phase squirrel cage induction motor has been calculated using lumped circuit approach. An equivalent circuit of the three phase induction motor considering stator magnetomotive harmonics has been used for the calculation of the same. An empirical formula has been developed and validated for determination of tooth pulsation losses. The usage of lumped parameters circuit considering magnetomotive force harmonics for predicting the iron losses components has not appeared in the literature. Here iron losses due to fundamental, spatial harmonics components and tooth pulsation for various motors with different designs and polarities have been deter-mined and compared with experimental results. It is found that the iron losses due to the stator magnetomotive harmonics is in same range as that due to fundamental component, the tooth pulsation losses are in the range of 25 to 35% for 2 pole, and 20 to 30% of total iron losses for 4 pole induction motors. The percentage errors between computed and average experimental results for total iron losses are within acceptable limits (±5%) without taking too much of computation time compared to the numerical methods.     

基于FFT和神经网络的非整数次谐波检测方法

运用人工神经网络模型进行整数次谐波检测可达到较高的检测精度，但这种线性神经元模型不适合非整数次谐波的检测。为精确检测非整数次谐波，文中提出了一种改进进的线性人工神经元模型，并将加汉宁窗的FFT算法和改进的线性人工神经元模型结合起来，提出了一种用于非整数次谐波检测的新方法。该方法首先对采样信号用加汉宁窗的FFT算法进行预处理，得到了谐波个数和精度不高的谐波次数：其次根据谐波个数设定神经元的个数，根据预处理后得到的谐波次数设定神经网络谐波次数迭代的初始值；最后对改进后的人工神经网络进行训练，便可实现非整数次谐波的精确检测。仿真实例表明，该方法能将频率相近的非整数次谐波分离，可有效地提高谐波参数的检测精度，为谐波治理提供良好的依据。     

Effect of harmonics on power measurement

Energy (kWh) measurement has become critically important in determining industrial power flow. With the proliferation of nonlinear loads, there are significant amounts of harmonics in the power distribution system. The effects of nonlinear loads on devices such as circuit breakers have been studied in detail. A review of three-phase power (kW) metering is given, and the effects of harmonics on power measurement are analyzed. It is noted that applying digital microprocessor technology to power metering permits the precise measurement of power. With sample data techniques, it is possible to determine true real power or kWh consumed by the power distribution system or resolve poor power factor questions     

具有无功补偿功能的并联型有源电力滤波器研究

阐述了基于数字信号处理器(DSP)的有源电力滤波器硬件电器设计方法。提出了一种新型的有源电力滤波器(APF)电流检测和控制方法,在补偿谐波电流的同时可进行无功补偿。经PSCAD软件仿真实验的结果表明,这种新型的电流检测和控制方法是准确有效的。     

Harmonic field analysis for slip-ring motors including generalrotor asymmetry

A field analysis is presented for slip-ring induction motors with general external impedance asymmetry. The method is based upon a rotating-field theory approach including spatial MMF (magnetomotive force) harmonics. It is shown that a series of nonmains frequency voltages are induced in the stator winding for both balanced and unbalanced rotors. The method is also used to derive the harmonic equivalent circuit for a balanced three-phase slip-ring motor with a skewed rotor. The analysis is verified by comparing predicted torque and current characteristics with measured values obtained from a machine with a balanced rotor and with a rotor connected to asymmetrical external resistances. The influence of MMF harmonics on the phase equivalent circuit and the motor performance is demonstrated. Operation with an unbalanced rotor results in a loss of steady torque and the introduction of large oscillating torques     

Instrument current transducer for measurements in asymmetrical conditions in three-phase circuits with upper harmonics

The theme of the article is protection of electrical circuits against negative sequence currents both with sinusoidal and trapezoidal waveforms. The suggested solution is enhancement of instrument current transducers used in industrial relaying and control applications. The instrument negative sequence current transducer connected to Rogowski coils designed by the authors is presented in the article. To protect circuits with extremely non-sinusoidal currents (such as trapezoidal waveforms), instrument transducers with 2nd order low pass filter are suggested. In the presence of higher-order harmonics in the protected three-phase circuit the low pass filter will reduce the THD in the output voltage of instrument negative sequence current transducer (as compared to harmonics in currents of the protected circuit) and compensate for the differentiation effect typical of such transducer schemes.The paper may be of interest for investigators and engineers engaged in research, design and commissioning of protection and control equipment, current instrument and measurement devices used in industrial applications, and also for undergraduate and postgraduate students in electrical engineering.     

一种基于正交三角级数神经网络的谐波检测方法

根据电力系统中非正弦周期电流的分解形式,提出了一种基于正交三角级数神经网络的谐波检测方法.方法能同时检测出非正弦周期电流中的基波分量与各次谐波分量的幅值和相位以及有功电流和无功电流.通过仿真实例验证,该方法能够把整数次谐波进行有效分离,用相对较少的数据量达到了较高的检测精度.