中型医院CT室实施QA,QC原则的初探

本文介绍了采用中国推广普及型ＣＴ，根据世界卫生组织提出的ＱＡ、ＱＣ体系的原则，制定中型医院ＣＴ室“ＣＴ室组织行为规范”，“ＣＴ扫描技术规范”；“ＣＴ诊断技术规范”。     

中国东部的尾波衰减特征和Qc值估计

根据中国东部地区短周期近震记录尾波地动振幅Ａ随时间τ的经验衰减关系ｌｇＡ＝Ｇ－２．２３５１ｇτ，利用对震中距作校正的尾波单次散射理论，得出尾波校正振幅Ａｃ（ｒ，ｔ）曲线族，并计算出不同尾波时段的ω／２Ｑｃ值，并由此导出相应于各平均观测频率和采样深度的Ｑｃ（ｆ，ｈ）值。该结果与云南、北京和中亚地区的Ｑｃ观测值是基本一致的。     

EVOLUTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HYPER－CONCENTRATED FLOW IN BRAIDED CHANNEL OF THE YELLOW RIVER

ＥＶＯＬＵＴＩＯＮＡＬＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳＯＦＨＹＰＥＲ－ＣＯＮＣＥＮＴＲＡＴＥＤＦＬＯＷＩＮＢＲＡＩＤＥＤＣＨＡＮＮＥＬＯＦＴＨＥＹＥＬＬＯＷＲＩＶＥＲ￥ＱＩＰｕ；ＬＩＷｅｎｘｕｅ（Ｓｅｎｉｏｒｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒ，ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＨｙ...     

核旋仪野外比测记录和数据通讯系统研究

本系统包括用ＰＣ－１５００Ａ－ＣＡＳ进行核旋仪野外比测（Ｆ、Ｚ）记录程序（简写ＢＣＪＬ）及记录数据的通讯传送程序（简写ＢＣＴＸ－１）和（ＩＢＭ－ＰＣ）微机通讯接收程序（简写ＢＣＴＸ－２）共３个程序。该３个程序采用ＢＡＳＩＣ语言编写。ＢＣＪＬ程序是在１９９２年的核旋仪野外经测（Ｆ、Ｚ）记录程序的基础上，做了进一步的修改。本程序增加了主、副桩组均值限差大于３ｎＴ达４０种情况的超限判断，解决了计算结果数     

脑弥漫性轴索损伤的CT诊断

脑弥漫性轴索损伤（ＤＡＩ）是头部加速引起的脑白质轴索广泛性损伤。我们报告１８例脑弥漫性轴索损伤，提出ＤＡＩ的ＣＴ诊断标准：大脑皮髓质交界处、基底节内囊区域、胼胝体、脑干或小脑一个或多个直径≤２ｃｍ的出血灶，和／或脑室内出血，无明显颅内血肿和挫裂伤；或ＣＴ仅提示急性弥漫性脑肿胀、蛛网膜下腔出血，但伤后原发性持久昏迷，无脑缺氧情况。在３８６例急性脑外伤中，ＣＴ诊断ＤＡＩ１８例，对ＤＡＩ的发病机理、ＣＴ     

THREE KINDS OF TIME DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS OF REMARKABLE EARTHQUAKES IN SEISMIC SEQUENCES

ＴＨＲＥＥＫＩＮＤＳＯＦＴＩＭＥＤＩＳＴＲＩＢＵＴＩＯＮＦＵＮＣＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＲＥＭＡＲＫＡＢＬＥＥＡＲＴＨＱＵＡＫＥＳＩＮＳＥＩＳＭＩＣＳＥＱＵＥＮＣＥＳＤｉａｏＳｈｏｕｚｈｏｎｇＷａｎｇＨｏｎｇｗｅｉＣｈａｏＨｏｎｇｔａｉＨｕａＡｉｊｕｎ（Ｓｅｉ...     

以介质参数尾波Q~（－1）作为响应的加卸载响应比研究

以地球介质参数尾波Ｑ（－１）作为响应，给出了加卸载响应比Ｙ（Ｑ－１）的计算公式。利用美国南加州地区频率分别为１．５Ｈｚ，３．０Ｈｚ，６．０Ｈｚ，１２．０Ｈｚ，２４．０Ｈｚ等５个频段的尾波Ｑ数据，研究了美国北岭地震（１９９年１月１７日，Ｍｗ６．７）前后的加卸载响应比Ｙ（Ｑ－１）随时间的变化。结果表明，除频率为１２．０Ｈｚ这一频段外，其它频段的加卸载响应比Ｙ（Ｑ－１）在震前都有不同程度的变化，其中频率为２４．０Ｈｚ的Ｙ（Ｑ－１）在１９９３年明显升高。震后各频段的Ｙ（Ｑ－１）趋于正常。     

脑血管意外后抑郁症量表与CT表现相关研究

应用ＺｕｎｇＤＨＡＭＤＳＣＬ－９０－Ｄ调查了９８例脑血管意外患者的抑郁心理状态，ＣＴ片上观察的指标有ＡＰ％、ＰＰ％、ＬＹ％和病灶部位（皮层或层下）。结果表明：（１）ＰＳＤ的发生率较高，急性期为４３％，慢性期为５５％；（２）不论皮层还是皮层下病灶，急性期左半球前部损伤均产生较高的抑郁程度，ＡＰ％与抑郁程度呈显著负相关，（３）慢性期患者ＣＴ上损伤部位与ＰＳＤ关系不明显，作者的结论是：ＰＳＤ量表得分与有一定关系，ＣＴ可预测ＰＳＤ发生的可能性及抑郁程度大小．     

Analysis and study of the large earthquake risk in Yanqing-Huailai basin

ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓａｎｄｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｔｈｅｌａｒｇｅｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｒｉｓｋｉｎＹａｎｑｉｎｇＨｕａｉｌａｉｂａｓｉｎＣＨＡＮＧＱＵＡＮＬＩＵ（刘昌铨）ＳＨＩＸＵＪＩＡ（嘉世旭）ＭＩＮＧＪＵＮＬＩＵ（刘明军）ＣＨＡＮＧＦＡＬＩ（李长发...     

Researchonpredictionofthefolowingnotice┐ableshocksofearthquakesequences

Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｆｏｌｏｗｉｎｇｎｏｔｉｃｅ┐ａｂｌｅｓｈｏｃｋｓｏｆｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｓＰＵ－ＸＩＯＮＧＬＩＵ（刘蒲雄），ＸＩＵ－ＱＩＣＨＥＮ（陈修启），ＸＩＡＯ－ＪＩＡＮＬＵ（吕晓健）ａｎｄＤ...     

Contribution to the knowledge of the magmatic evolution by the study of the variation of the coefficient of viscosity

The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas.     

Pictorial Series of the Manifestations of the Dynamics of the Earth

Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica -     

Evolution of the Source of the Active Region of the Sun

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were...     

Magnetic stratigraphy of the Ordovician in the lower reach of the Kotuy River: the age of the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum and the rate of geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the superchron

Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.     

On the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale

Summary The results of two different methods of the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale are compared; the economy is discussed as well.     

Influence of the topography of the surface of the Earth on vertical sounding of the temperature profile

Atmospheric temperature and humidity fields as well as information on other meteorological parameters are nowadays retrieved from radiance measurements recorded by operational meteorological satellites. Up to now, the inversion procedures used only take into account crude information on the topography of the Earth’s surface. However, the applied radiative transfer codes have to consider the Earth’s surface as the lower boundary of the atmospheric model and, therefore, need a more precise mean elevation and a classification of the roughness of the Earth’s surface. The influence of the topography of the Earth surface on retrieved temperature profiles is studied by using a physico-statistical inversion method. An objective analysis is made of the more precise mean elevation and derivation of roughness parameters using a new high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 500 m×500 m. By means of a geomorphological process and a newly developed topography rejection test, areas with a high surface roughness are localized and singled out. The influence of topography on the retrieved temperature profiles is illustrated by case studies. Changes are found predominantly in areas with a high variation of topography. Using the new high-resolution DEM and the topography rejection test, the geographical position of the calculated temperature profiles tends to be shifted towards areas with a small vertical variation of topography. The mean elevation determined by the new elevation model better characterizes the area observed. Hence, the temperature profiles can be calculated down to lower atmospheric levels. Furthermore, a guess profile better describing the atmospheric situation is selected by the more precise elevation. In addition, the temperature profiles obtained near the coast are improved considerably by the more precise determination of the surface property ‘sea’ and ‘land,’ respectively. Integration of an independent physical information such as topography leads, on average, to a slight improvement of the results of the physico-statistical inversion procedure. In some cases, however, significant improvements have been achieved regarding the desired accuracy of temperature profiles of the order of 1 K. In future, the spatial resolution of new high-resolution sounding instrumentation on the next generation of operational meteorological satellites will be increased. To exploit the resolving power of this new instrumentation, the different variation of the topography of the Earth surface, especially in regions with a high variation of topography, can be taken into account more precisely by using a high-resolution DEM.     

The effect of the pollution of the ground layer of the atmosphere on the albedo

Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed.     

On the solution of the reverse problem of geodesics with the help of the chord

Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида. Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).

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Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday

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Address: Veveři 95, Brno.     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.