多溴代芴的分子结构和热力学性质

多溴代芴化合物是一类潜在的化学污染物,其热力学性质数据对于进一步研究这些化合物的其它物理、化学性质以及它们在环境中的形成、分布及迁移转化机制有重要价值,但这些热力学性质数据极其缺乏.本文采用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/6-311G**水平上优化135个多溴代芴分子的几何结构,并获得它们在理想气态的一些热力学性质的数值,研究这些性质与取代的溴原子数目和位置的关系,根据各异构体的相对标准生成Gibbs自由能的大小,得它们热力学稳定性的顺序.结果表明:多溴代芴分子的几何构型,取决于溴原子的取代位置.多溴代芴最稳定及最不稳定异构体的△fHθ及ΔfGθ,都随Br原子数目增加而逐渐增加.溴原子数目相同的多溴代芴异构体的△fHθ和△fGθ与溴原子的取代位置有很大的关系,其相对稳定性看离域π键和Br…Br核排斥作用的强弱而决定.     

多溴苊化合物的分子结构和热力学性质

多溴苊是一类潜在的有机污染物。本文采用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/6-311G**水平上优化35个多溴苊化合物的分子几何结构,并获得它们在理想气态的一些热力学性质的数值,研究这些性质与取代的溴原子数目和位置的关系,根据各异构体的标准生成Gibbs自由能的相对大小,求得它们的热力学稳定性顺序。计算结果表明:在大部分多溴苊分子中,除4个氢原子外的其他原子在同一平面上。多溴苊最稳定及最不稳定异构体的ΔfH及ΔfG,都随Br原子数目增加而逐渐增加。溴原子数目相同的多溴苊异构体的ΔfH和ΔfG与溴原子的取代位置有很大的关系,其相对稳定性主要由分子内的处在不同六元环上的邻近Br...Br核排斥作用决定。所有多溴苊化合物在热力学上都比其母体化合物苊相对较难形成。     

多溴二苯并噻吩系列化合物的热力学性质及稳定性的密度泛函理论

本文在298.15 K和1.013×10~5Pa时,根据密度泛函理论(DFT),使用Gaussian 03程序,在B3LYP/6-31G(d)水平上计算117个多溴二苯噻吩系列化合物(PBDTs),得各分子的热力学性质。设计等键反应,计算PBDTs系列化合物的标准生成热Δ_fH~(?)和标准生成自由能Δ_fG~(?)。同时用程序Origin7.5将这些热力学参数与溴原子的取代位置及取代数目线性回归,求出相关方程,研究表明:热力学参数、标准生成热、标准生成自由能与溴原子的取代位置及取代数目之间关系极密切。根据标准生成自由能的相对大小,本文从理论上求得该化合物异构体的相对稳定性顺序。本文研究该化合物热力学性质及其稳定性,对于研究其生成、降解以及对环境的潜在威胁具有重要意义。     

多溴代吩噁噻热力学性质的理论计算

采用密度泛函理论方法计算了135个多溴代吩嗯噻在298.15 K和101.325 kPa时其理想气体状态的一些热力学性质的数值;研究这些性质与溴原子取代数目和位置的关系;预测多溴代吩噁噻异构体的相对稳定性.结果表明:多溴代吩嗯噻的热力学性质与溴原子取代数目和位置有良好的相关性,相关系数平方R2值接近1.000;多溴代吩噁噻异构体的相对稳定性主要由能量因素所决定且与多氯代吩嗯噻基本一致;吩噁噻的溴化作用与氯化作用,随卤原子数目的增加在热力学上难易程度的变化情况不同.     

多氯代9,10-菲醌的热力学性质及稳定性的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT),在B3LYP/6-31G*水平上对135个多氯9,10-菲醌(PCPQ)系列化合物进行全优化和振动分析,得到各分子在298.15K,101.3kPa状态下的热力学参数。设计等键反应,计算了PCPQ系列化合物的标准生成焓(ΔfHθ)和标准生成自由能(ΔfGθ)。用SPSS13.0对这些热力学参数与氯原子的取代位置及取代数目(NPCS)进行多元线性回归,得出相关方程。结果表明:PCPQ系列化合物的Sθ、ΔfHθ和ΔfGθ与NPCS之间有很强的相关性。根据异构体标准生成自由能的相对大小,从理论上求得异构体的相对稳定性。同时,发现氯原子取代模式对扭角(C-C(=O)-C(=O)-C)有很大的影响。     

12顶点闭合型碳硼烷异构体的结构和稳定性密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论DMol~3/DNP方法对十二顶点闭合型碳硼烷C_2B_(10)H_(12)异构体的几何结构进行优化,分析了异构体的稳定性、电荷分布以及前线分子轨道。结果表明3个异构体都有对应的稳定构型,并保持了闭式二十面体骨架结构。稳定性随着2个C原子之间距离增大而增加,即稳定性为对位间位邻位。负电荷主要集中在2个C原子上,成为主要的亲核取代反应中心。异构体具有立体芳香性,取代C原子具有对位、间位定位效应。B原子电荷密度规律,位于C原子间位的B原子负电荷密度最高,对位稍次,邻位最低。异构体分子前沿轨道和△E_(LUMO-HOMO)所预示的化学稳定性与结构能量稳定性趋势一致。     

CH基团替代N对Nn（CH）8-nH8（n=0-7）结构与性质影响的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法在6-311++G^**基组水平上优化了,用等电子体-CH-基团逐个取代N8H8环状异构体中最稳定的分子构型中的N原子,得到32种N_n（CH）_8-nH₈（n=0-7）的异构体,应用自然键轨道理论NBO和分子中的原子理论AIM分析了这些化合物成键特征和相对稳定性,G3MP2方法计算了各异构体的能量及生成热。研究结果表明:N原子孤对电子到相邻的碳氮键的超共轭作用是影响碳氮键长变化的主要因素;随着等电子体-CH-基团取代分子中氮原子的个数的增加,分子的生产热逐渐减小,而分子的能量将逐渐升高,且有很好的线性相关性。     

催化合成水杨酸甲酯的热力学计算与分析

利用Benson基团贡献法计算了水杨酸甲酯的热力学数据△_fH~θ和C_p,对甲醇和水杨酸催化合成水杨酸甲酯反应体系进行了热力学分析,通过对反应自由能变化△,G、平衡常数K_p以及水杨酸的平衡转化率的计算分析,结果表明该反应为吸热反应,其吉布斯自由能变化为负值,水杨酸甲酯可以得到较高的转化率,为催化合成水杨酸甲酯的研究提供了热力学数据。     

乙二胺缩3,5-二氯水杨醛的合成、表征及量子化学计算

本文用乙二胺与水杨醛衍生物在非水相中合成了一种新的双希夫碱配体,并通过元素分析、核磁、质谱和红外等方法进行了表征。采用Gaussian 03在DFT/B3LYP水平下进行理论研究。计算出分子总能量TE、分子最高占据轨道能E_(HOMO)、分子最低空轨道能E_(LUMO)、标准焓H~θ、标准自由能G~θ、恒容热熔Cv~θ、标准熵S~θ、零点能E_0、分子偶极矩μ、前线轨道能量差△E等热力学参数。优化了几何构型模拟出分子的部分重要键长((?))、键角(°)、二面角(°)等结构参数。经过Mulliken布居分析得到了原子的净电荷分布。计算出原子轨道对前线分子轨道的贡献(%)。通过对热力学参数、结构参数、原子净电荷布局和原子轨道对前线分子轨道贡献的总体探讨,表明目标分子具有较好的空间结构和较强的配位能力,是一个良好的配体;并且,它的生物活性很强,可以进一步进行抑菌性能和抗氧化性能等研究并且应用到各个领域。     

粒度对纳米石墨燃烧热力学性质影响的量子化学研究

粒度是影响煤粉燃烧的重要内因之一,本文首次应用量子化学方法研究粒度对纳米颗粒燃烧热力学性质的影响.建模时将煤结构理想化,以结构类似的六方石墨原子簇模拟纳米煤颗粒.应用Gaussian98程序的HF方法计算不同粒度的石墨原子簇燃烧的热力学性质,并讨论粒度影响燃烧热力学性质的规律.结果表明:粒径显著影响石墨原子簇燃烧热力学性质,标准摩尔燃烧焓(△cHmθ)、标准摩尔燃烧吉布斯函数(AcGmθ)和标准摩尔燃烧熵(△cSmθ)随石墨原子簇粒径的减少而减小,平衡常数的对数(1n KO)则随粒径减小而增大,并且△cHmθ、△cG,mθ、△cSmθ、lnKθ均与粒径的倒数呈线性关系.对于原子数较多的体系,Gaussian程序计算难以进行.块状石墨的热力学性质通过外推法求得,其△cHmθ为-353.08 kJ-mol-1,△cGmθ为-362.24 kJ-mol-1,△cSmθ为30.61 KJ·mol-1,lnKθ为146.13.这些数据与文献值比较接近.     

虚拟环境下的访问控制模型

安全方便地获取共享信息资源是虚拟企业成功的关键因素。该文分析了一个虚拟企业访问控制的基本要求，提出一个虚拟企业访问控制模型，该模型由管理公共资源的基于项目的访问控制和管理私有资源的基于角色的访问控制这2个子模型构成。给出了该模型的组成和系统结构，实现了虚拟企业之间的资源管理和共享。     

Estimation of thermodynamic properties of oxide compounds from polyhedron method

This paper describes a method to calculate the thermodynamic properties like enthalpy, entropy and molar volume of oxide mineral phases from their constituent polyhedra. Based on thermodynamic properties of 48 silicate and 19 titanate compounds collected from the critically evaluated and optimized FactSage database, thermodynamic properties of 18 polyhedra were optimized by weighted multiple linear regression analysis. The optimized properties of constituent polyhedra accurately reproduced the entropy, enthalpy and molar volume of all compounds, and were used for the prediction of thermodynamic properties of ternary oxide compounds in titanate systems.     

Critical assessment of thermodynamic properties of important polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PAHs) in coal tar pitch at typical temperature ranges of the carbonization process

Because of the importance of thermodynamic behavior of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds in coal tar pitch carbonization process, a thermodynamic model for the prediction of thermodynamic properties of PAH compounds is developed. Heat capacity functions as well as standard thermodynamic properties of PAHs in solid, liquid, and gas states are estimated using modified group additivity algorithms first proposed by Richard and Helgeson and thermal physical data of those PAHs for which enough experimental data exists in the literature. For the first time, initial calculated thermodynamic properties of PAHs are optimized by applying the CALPHAD (CaLculation of PHAse Diagrams) approach where all thermodynamic data are rendered consistent with phase transitions and vapor pressure data. The heat capacity function of PAHs exhibiting thermal anomaly behavior is modeled as a specific case. This modeling is performed using an order-disorder approach with the Compound Energy Formalism (CEF). Good agreement has been obtained between the predicted thermodynamic properties of PAHs and available experimental data. The proposed model has improved the predictive capacity compared to that of the previous models predicting thermodynamic properties of PAHs at typical temperature ranges of the carbonization process. The application of the model to predict the thermodynamic properties of major and high molecular weight PAHs available in coal tar pitch has been discussed.     

Phase equilibria and thermodynamics of Mn–C,Mn–Si,Si–C binary systems and Mn–Si–C ternary system by critical evaluation,combined with experiment and thermodynamic modeling

Critical evaluation and thermodynamic optimization of Mn–C, Mn–Si, Si–C binary systems and Mn–Si–C ternary system were carried out over the whole composition range from room temperature to above the liquidus temperature. In order to provide critical experimental input for the thermodynamic modeling, some key experiments were carried out in the present study. The liquid solution was modeled using the Modified Quasichemical Model (MQM) in the pair approximation in order to take into account the Short-Range Ordering (SRO) exhibited in the solution. In particular, the SRO observed in the Mn–C binary liquid was reasonably accounted for by the present thermodynamic model, while the conventional random mixing model was not able to properly describe the SRO. All solid solutions were modeled using the Compound Energy Formalism (CEF). Model parameters were optimized to best reproduce the important thermodynamic properties and phase equilibrium data in three binary systems. By taking a reasonable interpolation method for Gibbs free energy of the liquid solution in the ternary Mn–Si–C system, it was shown that the present model successfully reproduced thermodynamic and phase equilibrium data in the ternary system without any adjustable ternary parameter. The present database can be used as a part of larger thermodynamic database for the ferromanganese alloy.     

Thermodynamic assessments of the Bi-Lu and Lu-Sb systems

The phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties in the Bi-Lu and Lu-Sb binary systems have been assessed by using the CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagrams) method on the basis of experimental data including the thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria. The Gibbs free energies of the liquid, hexagonal close-packed (hcp) and rhombohedral phases were described by the substitutional solution model, and the intermetallic compounds (Bi₂Lu, BiLu, Bi₃Lu₅, Lu₃Sb, Lu₅Sb₃, αLuSb, βLuSb and LuSb₂ phases) were treated as stoichiometric compounds. The thermodynamic parameters of the Bi-Lu and Lu-Sb binary systems were obtained, and agreement between the calculated results and experimental data was obtained for each binary system.     

Phase equilibria and thermodynamic investigation of the In–Li system

Phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties of the In–Li system were analyzed by combining the first-principles approach and Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry (CALPHAD) methodology. The enthalpies of formation for all the stable compounds were calculated by first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT). Phase diagram of the In–Li system was calculated for the first time, and a set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters was finally obtained by CALPHAD approach coupling experimental measurements and first-principles calculations. An associate model of (In, In₂Li₃, Li) was used to describe the liquid phase, and InLi and InLi₂ were treated by sub-lattice models. Other intermediate phases were considered to be stoichiometric compounds. The calculated phase diagram, voltage curve and thermodynamic properties can reproduce the available experimental data reasonably.     

一种基于UML模型的起源感知访问控制策略分析方法

起源(Provenance)是记录数据演变历史的元数据。最近研究者提出起源感知的访问控制,通过追溯和分析访问者或被访问对象的起源来决定允许或拒绝访问请求。由于起源通常由系统在运行时记录并呈现为复杂的有向图,识别、规约和管理起源感知的访问控制策略非常困难。为此,提出了一个基于UML模型的起源感知访问控制策略分析方法,包括对复杂起源图的抽象建模技术以及一个在面向对象的软件开发过程中系统地建立起源模型、规约起源感知访问控制策略的参考过程指南。最后结合企业在线培训系统案例说明如何应用所提出的方法。