AGV自动导向技术

介绍了ＡＧＶ自动导向系统中使用的七种主要导向技术，提出若干性能指标对各种技术进行了综合比较，并介绍了目前国内ＧＶ导向技术的开发，研制和使用情况。     

自润滑导向件的标准化

导向件是模具中不可缺少的重要组成构件。其作用在于确定和保持上下模或其他相对运动的零部件之间的相对位置准确，并保持运动导向精度。而自润滑导向件是指经特殊工艺处理的具有良好自润滑性和摩擦特性的导向件，也可称之为含油导向件。主要适用于导向精度要求高的大中型、精密、长寿命模具中。     

新型弹性导向铰刀

<正> 图1所示的新型弹性导向铰刀在圆周上配置有导向条1,通过弹性垫片2装在刀体3的纵向刀槽内,导向条的两端用法兰盘4固定(图1中A-A剖面)。弹性垫片的宽度b须比刀槽的宽度小0.4～6.6mm。导向条应与切削刀齿在圆周上相间排列。对直径25～65mm的铰刀(图1a),导向条可安置在与切削刀齿同一个刃瓣上,直径大于65mm的铰刀(图1b),导向条可设置在独立的刃瓣上。为使作用在导向条上的径向力平衡和防止弧刀工作部分在外     

自动导向车物料搬运技术

分析了自动导向车（ＡＣＶ）的技术组成，并根据不同的用途和结构分类介绍了自动导向车的工作特点和应用场合。     

舵轮型自动导向车（AGV）导向控制系统设计

自动导向车是FMS和FAS中重要的移载设备。本文结合设计实践,分析了电磁感应方式舵轮型AGV导向系统的控制特性。通过分析导向伺服系统的传递函数,讨论了系统各参数对系统性能的影响,并提出提高系统动态性能的校正方法．数字仿真和样机试验结果表明所设计的系统具有较好的静态和动态性能。     

曲线孔电火花加工机器人导向装置的研究

对曲线孔加工技术的现状进行了分析评述。采用形状记忆功能合金材料和仿生技术研制出了曲线孔仿生电火花加工机器人的导向装置，采用该导向装置可加工出形状较为复杂的空间曲线孔。并对该导向装置的设计和工作原理等进行了研究。     

分动式公铁两用车导向装置结构设计及导向力分析

在对分动式公铁两用车导向装置的基本作用及要求分析的基础上，确定了合理的导向装置结构，并阐述了导向装置各组成部分的作用；通过对分动式公铁两用车在过曲线时的导向力的分析，提出并确定了保障算车安全所需的最小自重，为该车辆的轻量化设计提供理论依据。     

近钻头地质导向钻井技术在江苏油田应用初探

就对江苏油田水平井开发以来,地质导向技术已成为水平井开发应用的关键技术,随着江苏油田迫切需要提高复杂小断块油田的开发效益,提高探井的发现率和开发井的钻遇率,近钻头地质导向钻井技术在复杂地层、薄油层发挥其近钻头优势进行了一些探讨,并对近钻头地质导向系统在江苏油田水平井应用进行了分析。     

采煤机导向滑靴的受力特性分析

通过对采煤机工作时整机的静力学情况的分析,建立了导向滑靴的静力学方程,利用Levenberg-Marquard计算方法对采煤机工作时不同倾角下的导向滑靴的受力特性进行了研究。结果表明,采煤机工作时的倾角对导向滑靴的支撑力影响不大,而对其工作时导向滑靴的侧推力有显著的影响。该研究结果可为优化采煤机滑靴结构、提升工作可靠性提供技术和理论支撑。     

10m径轴向套筒轧机导向辊受力分析

导向辊在环件轧制过程中对工件起导向作用以保证轧制的顺利进行,控制产品最终的圆度。通过建立径轴向套筒轧机的力学模型,分析计算了平稳轧制时的导向力。通过研究环件的失稳模型,确定了最佳导向角,推导计算了致使环件失稳的最小导向力。对10 m径轴向套筒轧机的导向力进行了实例分析、计算分析,为导向辊的设计校核提供了理论依据。     

[学科发展]润滑研究进展

过去20余年，薄膜润滑、纳米润滑、极端工况摩擦与润滑、生物润滑、绿色润滑、微量润滑等取得了重要进展。最近10余年，超滑、仿生润滑、智能润滑与监测，以及摩擦学测试技术和模拟仿真技术等研究飞速发展。微观研究已经成为润滑研究的主要手段，面向风力发电机、高铁、深空探测、深海探测、大飞机、超高速飞行器、新能源汽车等领域的润滑与密封和绿色近零排放润滑研究已经成为工业界关注的焦点。超滑作为润滑领域的新型颠覆性技术，逐步显示出其在工业生产和人类日常生活中的应用优势与勃勃发展生机。生物润滑包括人类器官中的摩擦与润滑和仿生学研究，在人类健康生活方面展示出重要作用。极端环境（高温、超低温、真空、高压等）摩擦与润滑，在卫星、火箭、舰艇、核电站及其他国防设施上用途广泛。而智能润滑等新兴领域发展，也将智能化应用到润滑领域，为设备的智能运行和制造提供了新的思路。在此，对润滑领域几个重要发展方向，如超滑、薄膜润滑、纳米润滑、极端工况摩擦与润滑、智能润滑、生物仿生学、绿色摩擦与润滑，以及摩擦学测试方法等方面进行回顾，介绍了国内外同行最新研究进展，并对未来进行了展望。     

Challenges and Opportunities of AI-Enabled Monitoring,Diagnosis&Prognosis:A Review

Prognostics and Health Management(PHM),including monitoring,diagnosis,prognosis,and health management,occupies an increasingly important position in reducing costly breakdowns and avoiding catastrophic accidents in modern industry.With the development of artificial intelligence(AI),especially deep learning(DL)approaches,the application of AI-enabled methods to monitor,diagnose and predict potential equipment malfunctions has gone through tremendous progress with verified success in both academia and industry.However,there is still a gap to cover monitoring,diagnosis,and prognosis based on AI-enabled methods,simultaneously,and the importance of an open source community,including open source datasets and codes,has not been fully emphasized.To fill this gap,this paper provides a systematic overview of the current development,common technologies,open source datasets,codes,and challenges of AI-enabled PHM methods from three aspects of monitoring,diagnosis,and prognosis.     

XPN-FMS: A CAD tool for FMS modeling, analysis, animation, and simulation using Petri nets and X window

We propose a CAD tool, XPN-FMS, which is primarily based on a unique Petri net (PN) synthesis method, called the knitting technique, developed by the authors. Petri net theory has been applied to specification, validation, performance analysis, control code generation, and simulation for manufacturing systems. The analysis of flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) based on PNs suffers from the complexity problem of reachability analysis (Peterson, 1981). CAD tools are urgently needed. There is no existing CAD tool for FMSs as comprehensive as XPN-FMS, in the sense that the latter integrates the functions of drawing, analysis, reduction (Chao and Wang, 1992; Murata and Koh, 1980), synthesis, property queries, and animation of FMS operations in one software package. Using the X window graphical interface and animation, XPN-FMS makes the modeling and analysis of an FMS visualizable and easy to understand and manipulate. It lets a user draw the factory layout of an FMS on the screen of a monitor using the supplied tools. A corresponding PN model can also be drawn on the monitor screen. XPN-FMS can animate and simulate the overall operating process of the FMS. It is useful for FMS specification, validation, and exploration of different design alternatives, status monitoring, and control. Using XPN-FMS with various inputs and comparing the resulting outputs, the user can determine how to improve efficiency, reduce cost, and pinpoint bottlenecks. For the PN models of FMSs that are decision free, we extend the theory and algorithm of a unique matrix-based method (Chao and Wang, 1993b) to search for subcritical loops (including types A and B) and to support scheduling and dealing with transition periods. XPN-FMS implements this extended method to find the minimum cycle time, critical loop, subcritical loops, next critical loop, and scheduling ranges to avoid the transient period for static scheduling. This is implemented in XPN-FMS for the input sequence control.This project is partially funded by NJIT's Separately Budgeted Research Program. Portions of this article were presented in Chao, Chen, Wang, and Zhou (1992),Proceedings of the 1992 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Chicago, Illinois, October 1992. The former name of the first author, which has appeared in some of his earlier publications, was Yuh Yaw.     

Mice embryology: A microscopic overview

In this work, we studied the embryology of mice of 12, 14, and 18 days of gestation by gross observation, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Grossly, the embryos of 12 days were observed in C‐shaped region of the brain, eye pigmentation of the retina, first, second, and third pharyngeal arches gill pit nasal region on the fourth ventricle brain, cervical curvature, heart, liver, limb bud thoracic, spinal cord, tail, umbilical cord, and place of the mesonephric ridge. Microscopically, the liver, cardiovascular system and spinal cord were observed. In the embryo of 14 days, we observed structures that make up the liver and heart. At 18 days of gestation fetuses, it was noted the presence of eyes, mouth, and nose in the cephalic region, chest and pelvic region with the presence of well‐developed limbs, umbilical cord, and placenta. Scanning electron microscopy in 18 days of gestation fetuses evidenced head, eyes closed eyelids, nose, vibrissae, forelimb, heart, lung, kidney, liver, small bowel, diaphragm, and part of the spine. The results obtained in this work describe the internal and external morphology of mice, provided by an integration of techniques and review of the morphological knowledge of the embryonic development of this species, as this animal is of great importance to scientific studies. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

蠕变-疲劳载荷下高温结构的缺口效应研究进展

随着能源短缺问题的不断突出,高参数(高温、高压等)装备的研发成为工业节能降耗的重要手段,如超超临界汽轮机、航空发动机等高端装备。工程实际中,高参数装备的失效多源于缺口等局部不连续部位,其在蠕变-疲劳等复杂载荷下的强度分析和设计是当前研究的热点与难点。系统回顾了蠕变-疲劳载荷下含缺口构件的试验、本构模型、寿命预测、数值分析及考核准则方面的研究进展,主要包括：蠕变-疲劳载荷下的新本构关系及应用;高温强度和寿命分析的新模型及新方法;简化模型试验方法及蠕变-疲劳强度考核准则。总结这一领域的热点和研究展望,可为高参数装备在蠕变-疲劳等复杂载荷下的强度分析与设计提供一定技术支持与借鉴。     

DETERMINATION OF CADMIUM,CHROMIUM, COPPER,IRON, LEAD,AND ZINC IN OYSTERS FROM SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA-OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROMETRY

This article presents a follow-up, a more comprehensive and extensive study to a previous, but limited study on three metals in oysters from the West Cove area of Lake Calcasieu in Southwest Louisiana. Results from a two-sampling period in mid-October and mid-December 2009 showed concentrations levels in μg/g (mean of 15 oysters, ± standard deviation, and range) as determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) of cadmium, 5.0, ±0.5, 4.0–6.3, and 3.0, ±0.5, 1.8–5.3; chromium, 3.1, ±0.6, 2.0–3.6, and 1.7, ±0.6, 0.7–3.0; copper, 125.0, ±115, 58–245, and 115, ±45, 76–228; iron, 224, ±66, 142–403, and 311, ±111, 160–559; lead, 3.4, ±0.7, 1.6–5.8, and 4.7, ±2.3, 0.7–13; and zinc, 1859, ±774, 740–3471, and 1578, ±783, 692–3056. These concentrations were lower by at least a factor of 10 from the previous study on cadmium and lead but similar to store-bought oysters. The two sampling period concentrations were not statistically different for the two sampling month periods. The lowering of the concentration was attributed to a cleaner (from metals) oyster beds. Results of the six metals from soils in six different sites in the oyster beds showed comparable or slightly higher concentrations than the oysters. Water samples from the six sites were low, or below the detection limit of the ICP-OES instrument.     

无人直升机六足式起落架设计与控制算法

无人直升机在作战、巡逻、反潜、救援、运输中发挥极其重要的作用,但是传统起落架形式对起降环境要求较高。针对复杂地形自适应起落、恶劣海况舰面起降和停放以及应急坠撞高生存力等问题,提出了一种基于多连杆机构设计的无人直升机仿生腿式起落架系统,并完成了控制算法研究和建模仿真。首先从仿生腿数量、分布形式、腿部自由度配置和需要完成的功能等方面对仿生腿式起落架机械构型进行分析,并完成了六足式起落架运动学和动力学分析。然后针对仿生腿式起落架自适应着陆过程,完成着陆缓冲和地形建模算法的研究。最后,基于控制算法搭建虚拟样机仿真模型,完成了多种地形的仿真分析和样机测试。研究结果表明,所设计的仿生腿式起落架结构和控制算法可完成动态自适应着陆,实现着陆过程的平稳缓冲。     

Microscopic investigations and pharmacognostic techniques used for the standardization of leaf of Rhus succedanea var. Himalaica J. D. Hook

Rhus succedanea is generally traded, distributed, and sold in the markets in its crude and raw form. This may have been mixed with adulterants, mismanaged by malpractices, and substituted with other closely related drugs having different effect. This study is therefore carried out to authenticate the plant through pharmacognostic evaluations including morphological microscopic and physio‐chemical features. Morphologically, the Rhus is a perennial small sized deciduous tree, locally, called as Rakhkal in Pashto and Kakarsingi in Urdu. The organoleptic evaluation showed that leaf had pleasant, aromatic odor, and astringent taste. Anatomy of the midrib has shown a typical dicot histological differentiation. The leaf was hypostomatic showing anomocytic stomata with average stomatal number 27.1 ± 7.2 and stomatal index 14 ± 3.63. The average vein islet, vein termination, and palisade ratios were 13.6 ± 3.04, 10.21 ± 1.92, and 6 ± 2.01, respectively. Leaf powder showed the existence of various types of tissues. Fluorescence study and percentage extractive values were also carried out. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrates, protein, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and anthraquinones, whereas tannins and fixed oil was not detected. Quantitatively highest number of alkaloids 16% and flavonoids 19% in leaf was detected. The above parameters, being reported to the first time for, and are significant toward establishing the microscopic and pharmacognostic standards for future identification and authentication of genuine herbal drug.     

基于热泵和太阳能的住宅供暖供冷供生活热水三联供系统研究

基于热泵和太阳能的住宅供暖供冷供生活热水三联供系统是一项符合社会可持续发展的,节能环保的技术措施。该系统以直流变频空气能热泵为核心,结合太阳能、电能及其他能源,向住宅供暖、供冷及提供生活热水,着重解决了直流变频空气能热泵向住宅高效供暖、供冷、供生活热水,和太阳能及其他备用能源的联动,面向住宅供暖冷及生活热水的系统集成关键技术及工艺等问题。     

Histochemical and ultrahistochemical localization of heavy metals in calf organs

Cadmium, zinc, selenium, and copper were administered, singly or in combination, orally or subcutaneously. Experiment I included 32 calves of both sexes; six received Cd (two groups), Zn, Cd, and Zn, and Cd and Se (two groups) and one group was a control. In Experiment II (21 bulls), three were given Cd, Cd, and Cu, and Cd and Zn, respectively, and one group was a control. For light microscopy, in Experiment I the highest amounts of silver granules were present in the samples of liver, small intestine, and vesicular gland of all the exposed groups; in Experiment II the most affected organs were liver, kidney, and small intestine. For electron microscopy, in Experiment I, after administration of Cd and Zn, the highest amounts of granules were seen in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and the lowest amounts were found in glandular cells of the pancreas. Administration of Cd and Se resulted in the presence of large numbers of granules in the nuclei and nucleoli of spermatogonies. In Experiment II, ingestion of Cd and Zn in feed led to the appearance of highest amounts of granules in the nucleoli, nuclei, and cytoplasm of cells in testes, kidneys, and pancreas. Following Cd intake, the highest accumulation of granules was observed in the nucleoli of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules. Combined Cd and Cu produced the highest number of granules in cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and in the nucleoli and nuclei of germinal epithelium.