柴北缘尕秀雅平东含铜镍硫化物镁铁-超镁铁质岩体铂族元素的地球化学特征

尕秀雅平东含铜镍硫化物镁铁-超镁铁质岩体位于柴达木地块北缘,主要由蛇纹石化纯橄岩、单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩、辉石岩、辉长岩及斜长岩组成,侵位于古元古代达肯大坂岩群。本文对组成岩体的4件橄榄辉石岩样品和3件含矿岩石样品进行铂族元素分析,其∑PGE=8.82×10-9~84.8×10-9,原始地幔标准化配分曲线均呈左倾型式。利用Ni/Cu、Pd/Ir等相关参数确定原生岩浆为高镁玄武质岩浆,而低程度的地幔部分熔融作用是导致PPGE与IPGE强烈分异及Ru亏损的主要原因。岩体在形成过程中有一定程度地壳物质的混染作用,但早期硫化物的熔离作用不明显。同时,PGE元素间的协变关系显示热液蚀变作用对全岩PGE丰度影响不大。     

新疆中天山白石泉含铜镍矿镁铁-超镁铁岩体地球化学特征与岩石成因

白石泉含Cu-Ni硫化物镁铁-超镁铁侵入体位于中天山地块,其主要岩石类型有辉石橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩、橄长岩、辉长岩及角闪辉长岩等,具有明显的堆晶结构.对岩体的主要、微量及稀土元素地球化学特征研究表明,岩体属铁质镁铁-超镁铁岩,具有拉斑玄武质岩浆的分异趋势;并相对富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Sr等)、亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf),以及具有LREE富集((La/Yb)n=1.27～9.95)的右倾型稀土元素分布模式.Pb同位特征表明母岩浆与软流圈地幔和EM Ⅱ地幔物质有关.综合地球化学特征表明,母岩浆为来源于受早期俯冲物质混染的软流圈地幔的高镟拉斑玄武岩浆.岩浆在上升过程中,没有受到上地壳及围岩的混染.原生岩浆形成后,经过了橄榄石、辉石、斜长石及铬铁矿的分离结晶作用和硫化物的熔离作用.目前出露的岩体为富含橄榄石及硫化物的“晶粥“在高位岩浆房中演化的产物.     

四川力马河镁铁-超镁铁质岩体的地球化学特征及成岩成矿分析

四川会理力马河镍矿是峨眉山大火成岩省最重要的岩浆硫化物矿床之一,成矿岩体为一小型锾铁-超镁铁岩侵入体,由含斜长石的超镁铁岩(包括舍长辉石橄榄岩和斜长橄榄辉石岩)和辉长岩类的镬铁质岩组成.矿床富含硫化物,成矿元素组合为铜、镍,铂族元素含量很低,没有铂族元素的工业富集,是蛾眉山大火成岩省中富铜镍贫铂族元素的代表性岩浆硫化物矿床.本文对力马河镍矿成矿岩体的镁铁、超镁铁岩及矿床中各种硫化物矿石进行了主量元素、微量元素及铂族元素含量分析.分析结果表明,力马河岩体的镁铁、超镁铁岩属拉斑玄武岩成因系列,岩石特征微量元素比值大致与高钛的峨眉山玄武岩相当、与低钛的峨眉山玄武岩有明显区分,但估计原始岩浆强不相容微量元素绝对含量大大低于高钛玄武岩,因此,其成矿岩体不是与一般的低钛或高钛峨眉山玄武岩(不包括苦橄岩在内)直接对应的深成相.岩体超镁铁岩及矿石铂族元素组成特征表现为无钌亏损的型式,钯/铱比值较小、在5左右,也显著不同于一般的峨眉山玄武岩,而类似于峨眉山大火成岩省苦橄岩的铂族元素组成.运用岩石地球化学研究方法计算,原始岩浆为苦橄质成分:MgO含量约17%、SiO2含量约48%.估计原始岩浆形成于130公里左右的深度,由类似于洋岛玄武岩岩浆源区成分的地幔经19%左右的部分熔融形成.超镁铁岩及硫化物矿石铂族元素含量一般在10-9～10-8暑级,铂族元素相对铜镍强烈亏损,铜/钯比值高于原始地幔10～100倍,铜镍铂族元素组成的原始地幔标准化曲线呈铂族元素显著亏损的“U“型.模式分析说明,导致铂族元素亏损的原因是岩浆成矿演化过程中多阶段硫化物熔离作用造成的,早期熔离出来的硫化物被丢失并造成岩浆中铂族元素亏损,其铂族元素亏损后的岩浆(第)二次硫化物熔离富集形成铂族元素亏损的矿石.     

新疆黄山铜镍硫化物矿床成矿岩浆作用过程

黄山铜镍硫化物矿床镁铁．超镁铁质岩体岩相发育良好,主要包括橄榄岩、辉石岩、辉长岩和闪长岩,橄榄岩中部分橄榄石包含有硫化物珠滴。对该岩体不同岩相进行了主元素、微量元素、铂族元素和单矿物的分析,结果表明,不同类型岩石的化学组成受橄榄石、辉石和斜长石结晶分异作用的控制。微量元素和稀土元素具有相似的分布模式,（La／Yb）N介于1．14—3．65之间,明显亏损Nb和Ta,富集Sr。含矿岩石Cu／Pd和Ti／Pd比值大于原生地幔岩浆。上述结果揭示黄山镁铁-超镁铁质岩体不同岩性的岩石具有不同的主元素和微量元素特征,但母岩浆来自同一源区。根据橄榄石的F0值和全岩的主要氧化物组成估算出母岩浆为高镁（MgO约为15％）玄武岩岩浆,在岩浆作用过程中地壳富硅组分的混染是导致硫化物熔离的主要机制。     

新疆且末县几克里阔勒镁铁—超镁铁岩体 地球化学特征及岩石成因

新疆且末县几克里阔勒镁铁—超镁铁岩体位于塔里木板块南缘活动带之喀拉米兰晚古生代沟弧系中段北侧,侵入下石炭统满达拉恰普组第三段海相碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩及中酸性火山岩建造中。主要岩石类型有纯橄岩、二辉橄榄岩、单辉橄榄岩、含长橄榄二辉岩、二辉岩、橄榄辉长岩、淡色辉长岩。岩石地球化学及岩相学特征表明:岩浆作用早期,分离结晶作用主导了岩浆演化过程和岩体形成过程,橄榄石和斜方辉石呈分离/堆晶相;矿物结晶顺序是:尖晶石/橄榄石→斜方辉石→单斜辉石→单斜辉石+斜长石→褐色普通角闪石/黑云母。原生岩浆可能来自原始地幔或中等程度熔融的高镁玄武质岩浆,属拉斑玄武岩系列,形成过程中受到了一定程度同化混染作用的影响,但硫化物熔离程度较弱。岩浆源区位于尖晶石稳定域。     

新疆东昆仑达拉库岸镁铁-超镁铁质岩体年代学、地球化学及成矿条件

达拉库岸镁铁-超镁铁质岩体位于东昆仑造山带南带之喀拉米兰晚古生代沟弧系,主要由二辉橄榄岩、单辉橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩、单辉辉石岩和辉长岩组成。辉长岩的锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为244.4±1.5Ma,属于中三叠世。岩石普遍弱富集稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Sr),亏损不相容元素(Nb、Ta)。岩体原生岩浆为高镁拉斑玄武质岩浆(Mg O 11.4%,Fe O10.8%)。元素地球化学和Nd、Sr同位素组成特征表明岩浆源区为富集岩石圈地幔,岩浆运移和侵位过程中遭受不同程度地壳物质的同化混染作用。依据橄榄石组分模拟获得橄榄石结晶过程中母岩浆达到硫饱和,并发生硫化物的熔离作用。从岩体特征、矿石结构、原生岩浆性质、深部硫化物熔离和物探信息等方面综合分析,岩体具有形成岩浆型铜镍硫化物矿床的良好条件。     

塔里木东北缘罗东镁铁-超镁铁质岩体地质、地球化学特征对岩石成因和镍成矿作用的指示

罗东岩体位于塔里木东北缘,主要岩相有橄榄岩、橄辉岩和辉长岩,矿化多以浸染状硫化物产于橄榄岩相中。岩石具高镁、低硅、低碱,具平坦的稀土分布模式和明显的Ba,Nb负异常和Pb,Sr正异常。母岩浆来源于受俯冲流体交代改造的亏损地幔发生的高程度部分熔融,具高温高镁含水和氧化特征。结晶分异是主要的岩浆作用,岩体同时经历了显著的地壳混染。早期深部熔离造成了铂族元素亏损,浸染状硫化物是晚期熔离的产物。据地质、地球化学和地球物理信息,罗东岩体具有良好的铜镍矿找矿前景,高品位富矿是下一步找矿重点。     

新疆北山地区坡北镁铁-超镁铁岩体单斜辉石的矿物学特征及其地质意义

单斜辉石是坡北镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体的主要造岩矿物之一,在各岩相中普遍存在。本文对岩体各岩相中单斜辉石的矿物化学组成进行了电子探针和LA-ICPMS分析,以探明岩体性质、形成的构造背景及演化过程。分析表明,单斜辉石主要氧化物含量为:SiO21.05%~54.00%、MgO 13.95%~17.64%、CaO 19.87%~23.56%、FeO3.44%~6.58%、TiO20.13%~1.36%、Al2O32.17%~4.21%、Na2O 0.17%~0.50%、Cr2O30.01%~1.27%。岩石判别图解表明寄主岩浆为亚碱性拉斑玄武岩,形成于岛弧环境。单斜辉石的结晶温度范围介于1 141~1 221℃。∑REE和(Ce/Yb)N值表明从(异剥)橄榄岩和橄榄单辉辉石岩到橄榄辉长岩和角闪辉长岩,岩浆结晶作用增强。与岩浆正常结晶演化相比,(异剥)橄榄岩和橄榄单辉辉石岩中单斜辉石的SiO2、Na2O含量有所增大,角闪辉长岩和橄榄辉长岩中单斜辉石的CaO含量略有富集,结合前人研究成果和围岩性质,初步认为成岩过程中,可能发生过地壳同化混染作用,其中大理岩为角闪辉长岩和橄榄辉长岩提供了部分Ca元素,而黑云母石英片岩则为(异剥)橄榄岩和橄榄单辉辉石岩贡献了Si、Na等。(异剥)橄榄岩和橄榄单辉辉石岩具较低的FeO含量,此外黑云母石英片岩混入其中,这可能是引起硫化物熔离的重要因素。     

青海省乌兰地区肯得隆富钛铁矿镁铁-超镁铁质岩体的岩石与矿石成因

肯得隆镁铁-超镁铁质岩体位于青海柴达木盆地北缘欧龙布鲁克微陆块中。岩体为半隐伏岩体,地表零星出露。岩体岩石类型丰富,有蛇纹岩、单辉橄榄岩、二辉橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩、橄榄单辉岩、橄榄苏长辉长岩、橄榄角闪辉长岩、角闪辉长岩、蚀变辉长岩、斜长岩。辉长岩、辉石岩中见稀疏浸染状、星点浸染状钛铁矿。钛铁矿含量以5%~10%为主,个别含量可达10%~20%,具海绵陨铁结构,属岩浆晚期矿化作用产物。岩体中辉长岩锆石U-Pb年龄为491±3Ma(MSWD=0.7)。岩体岩石的化学组成属于拉斑玄武质系列,各岩性岩石的稀土元素配分形式基本一致,均呈轻稀土富集的右倾型。微量元素特征表现为富集大离子亲石元素(Cs、Rb、Ba、Th、U),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti、P)。岩体(87Sr/86Sr)i值为0.704731~0.710280,εNd(t)=-4.49~+0.83。岩浆在冷凝过程中发生了橄榄石-单斜辉石-斜方辉石-斜长石-普通角闪石的分离结晶作用。岩石地球化学特征表明岩体受到同化混染作用。肯得隆岩体的原生岩浆为普通的玄武质岩浆,源自被古生代俯冲熔/流体交代的富集岩石圈地幔。钛铁矿的富集机制是:岩浆在氧逸度低于NNO条件下经历了相对高度的分异演化而最终达到钛铁矿富集。     

云南金宝山镁铁-超镁铁岩的地球化学特征及成因

金宝山超镁铁侵入岩赋存有超大型硫化物铂族元素矿床。单辉橄榄岩是岩区员主要的含矿岩石类型。根据单辉橄榄岩的矿物学、岩石学、岩石化学及微量元素地球化学特征，探讨岩浆的结晶分异演化过程，提出岩体的形成与岩浆结品分异有关，母岩浆成分为拉斑质玄武质岩浆。岩体高镁、高稀土总量，以及橄榄石与辉石的结构特征显示岩体是橄揽石、铬尖晶石等矿物与残留岩浆混合形成。     

甘肃金川Ⅱ号岩浆硫化物含矿岩体岩浆演化过程探讨

金川矿床是我国最大的岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床,岩体主要由硫化物橄榄岩、含辉橄榄岩、二辉橄榄岩和橄榄辉石岩等岩相组成。以金川Ⅱ号岩体为例,根据岩相学观察和常量元素、微量元素地球化学特征的分析,试图对岩浆上升过程中的演化分异进行深入探讨,发现金川Ⅱ号岩体岩浆结晶分异演化过程主要包括深部岩浆房中尖晶石—橄榄石的分离结晶和浅部岩浆房辉石与斜长石的结晶,而地壳物质的同化混染发生在岩浆上升的整个过程,地壳物质的同化混染是导致母岩浆中硫饱和的主要因素。该岩浆分异演化过程间接支持了汤中立提出的"深部分异-熔离,依次贯入"成矿模式。     

The Permian Huangshanxi Cu–Ni deposit in western China: intrusive–extrusive association,ore genesis,and exploration implications

The Permian Huangshanxi Cu–Ni deposit is the second largest magmatic sulfide deposit discovered to date in a major Ni–Cu province related to protracted basaltic magmatism in eastern Xinjiang, China. It is hosted by a small mafic–ultramafic intrusion comprised predominantly of lherzolites, olivine websterites, gabbronorites, and gabbros. The Huangshanxi intrusion is coeval with Permian basalts of tholeiitic and alkaline affinities in the Tuha and Tarim basins, respectively. To evaluate a possible genetic relationship between the Huangshanxi intrusion and a specific type of coeval basalt in the region, as well as ore genesis in the intrusion, we have carried out an integrated mineralogical, petrological, and geochemical study. Our data reveal that the Huangshanxi intrusive rocks are characterized by relatively flat chondrite-normalized REE patterns, depletion in Nb and Ta, and elevated εNd values varying between 6 and 10. These features are similar to those of coeval tholeiitic basalts in the nearby Tuha basin, but are significantly different from those of coeval alkaline basalts in the relatively remote Tarim basin. The geochemical similarities and differences suggest that the Huangshanxi intrusion is genetically related to the tholeiitic basalts in the Tuha basin, not to the alkaline basalts in the Tarim basin, as suggested previously by some researchers. This implies that regional exploration for the Huangshanxi-type Cu–Ni deposits should be centered in the Tuha basin instead of the Tarim basin. More specifically, the uplifted areas around the Tuha basin where similar intrusions may have been brought close to the surface should be carefully examined for mineralization potential. Intrusive relations and mass balance constraints from incompatible trace elements and sulfide abundances suggest that the Huangshanxi intrusion represents a dynamic magma conduit through which multiple pulses of magma ascended to higher levels or to the surface. Numerical simulation of magma evolution and mixing calculations using Sr–Nd isotopes indicate that selective assimilation of S-bearing crustal materials is important for sulfide saturation during the early stages of magma evolution when lherzolites formed. Fractional crystallization may have also played a role in the attainment of sulfide saturation during the later stages of magma evolution when olivine websterites and gabbronorites formed. In both cases, immiscible sulfide droplets were retained in the conduit to form disseminated sulfide lenses while the fractionated silicate liquids and buoyant phases such as plagioclase continued to ascend. Extremely low PGE tenors in the sulfide ores of the Huangshanxi deposit suggest that the parental magma was highly depleted in chalcophile elements possibly due to previous sulfide segregation at depth.     

Petrogenesis of the Pt–Pd mineralized Jinbaoshan ultramafic intrusion in the Permian Emeishan Large Igneous Province,SW China

The Jinbaoshan ultramafic intrusion is a sheet-like body with a thick wehrlite unit in the center and thin pyroxenite units at the margins. PGE are enriched in several disseminated sulfide zones in the intrusion. Olivine from the intrusion has low Fo and depleted Ni contents compared to olivine from coeval Emeishan picrites. Whole rock major and trace element concentrations suggest that the Jinbaoshan wehrlites originally contained <30% trapped liquid. The total amount of sulfide in the rocks exceeds that which could have been dissolved in the trapped liquid. The Jinbaoshan wehrlites are interpreted to represent residual assemblages formed by dissolution of plagioclase by passing magma. No clear evidence of crustal contamination is indicated by S, Nd and Os isotopes. We envision that sulfide saturation occurred at depth due to olivine and chromite crystallization. Immiscible sulfide droplets were transported to the Jinbaoshan conduit where they accumulated and reacted with magma successively passing through the conduit to achieve high PGE concentrations.     

Rhenium-osmium isotope and platinum-group elements in the Xinjie layered intrusion, SW China: Implications for source mantle composition, mantle evolution, PGE fractionation and mineralization

The Xinjie mafic-ultramafic layered intrusion in the Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP) hosts Cu-Ni-platinum group element (PGE) sulfide ore layers within the lower part and Fe-Ti-V oxide-bearing horizons within the middle part. The major magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE sulfide ores and spatially associated cumulate rocks are examined for their PGE contents and Re-Os isotopic systematics. The samples yielded a Re-Os isochron with an age of 262 ± 27 Ma and an initial ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os of 0.12460 ± 0.00011 (γ_Os(t) = −0.5 ± 0.1). The age is in good agreement with the previously reported U-Pb zircon age, indicating that the Re-Os system remained closed for most samples since the intrusion emplacement. They have near-chondritic γ_Os(t) values ranging from −0.7 to −0.2, similar to those of the Lijiang picrites and Song Da komatiites. Exceptionally, two samples from the roof zone and one from upper sequence exhibit radiogenic γ_Os(t) values (+0.6 to +8.6), showing minor contamination by the overlying Emeishan basalts.The PGE-rich ores contain relatively high PGE and small amounts of sulfides (generally less than 2%) and the abundance of Cu and PGE correlate well with S, implying that the distribution of these elements is controlled by the segregation and accumulation of a sulfide liquid. Some ore samples are poor in S (mostly <800 ppm), which may due to late-stage S loss caused by the dissolution of FeS from pre-existing sulfides through their interaction with sulfide-unsaturated flowing magma. The combined study shows that the Xinjie intrusion may be derived from ferropicritic magmas. The sharp reversals in Mg#, Cr/FeO_T and Cr/TiO₂ ratios immediately below Units 2-4, together with high Cu/Zr ratios decreasing from each PGE ore layer within these cyclic units, are consistent with multiple magma replenishment episodes. The sulfides in the cumulate rocks show little evidence of PGE depletion with height and thus appear to have segregated from successive inputs of fertile magma. This suggests that the Xinjie intrusion crystallized from in an open magma system, e.g., a magma conduit. The compositions of the disseminated sulfides in most samples can be modeled by applying an R factor (silicate-sulfide mass ratio) of between 1000 and 8000, indicating the segregation of only small amounts of sulfide liquid in the parental ferropicritic magmas. Thus, continuous mixing between primitive ferropicritic magma and differentiated resident magma could lead to crystallization of chromite, Cr-bearing magnetite and subsequently abundant Fe-Ti oxides, thereby the segregation of PGE-rich Cu-sulfide.When considered in the light of previous studies on plume-derived komatiites and picrites worldwide, the close-to-chondritic Os isotopic composition for most Xinjie samples, Lijiang picrites and Song Da komatiites suggest that the ferropicritic magma in the ELIP were generated from a plume. This comprised recycled Neoproterozic oceanic lithosphere, including depleted peridotite mantle embedded with geochemically enriched domains. The ascending magmas thereafter interacted with minor (possibly <10%) subducted/altered oceanic crust. This comparison suggests that the komatiitic melts in the ELIP originated from a greater-than normal degree of melting of incompatible trace element depleted, refractory mantle components in the plume source.     

Geochemical Characteristics and Metallogenesis of the Qingkuangshan Ni‐Cu‐PGE Mineralized Mafic‐Ultramafic Intrusion in Huili County,Sichuan Province,SW China

The Qingkuangshan Ni-Cu-PGE deposit, located in the Xiaoguanhe region of Huili County, Sichuan Province, is one of several Ni-Cu-PGE deposits in the Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP). The ore-bearing intrusion is a mafic-ultramafic body. This paper reports major elements, trace elements and platinum-group elements in different types of rocks and sulfide-mineralized samples in the intrusion. These data are used to evaluate the source mantle characteristics, the degree of mantle partial melting, the composition of parental magma and the ore-forming processes. The results show that Qingkuangshan intrusion is part of the ELIP. The rocks have trace element ratios similar to the coeval Emeishan basalts. The primitive mantle-normalized patterns of Ni-Cu-PGE have positive slopes, and the ratios of Pd/Ir are lower than 22. The PGE compositions of sulfide ores and associated rocks are characterized by Ru depletion. The PGE contents in bulk sulfides are slightly depleted relative to Ni and Cu, which is similar to the Yangliuping Ni-Cu-PGE deposit. The composition of the parental magma for the intrusion is estimated to contain about 14.65 wt% MgO, 48.66 wt% SiO2 and 15.48 wt% FeOt, and the degree of mantle partial melting is estimated to be about 20%. In comparison with other typical Ni-Cu-PGE deposits in the ELIP, the Qingkuangshan Ni-Cu-PGE deposit has lower PGE contents than the Jinbaoshan PGE deposit, but has higher PGE contents than the Limahe and Baimazhai Ni-Cu deposit, and has similar PGE contents to the Yangliuping Ni-Cu-PGE deposit. The moderate PGE depletions in the bulk sulfide of the Qingkuanghan deposit suggest that the parental magma of the host intrusion may have undergone minor sulfide segregation at depth. The mixing calculations suggests that an average of 10% crustal contamination in the magma, which may have been the main cause of sulfide saturation in the magma. We propose that sulfide segregation from a moderately PGE depleted magma took place prior to magma emplacement at Qingkuangshan, that small amounts of immiscible sulfide droplets and olivine and chromite crystals were suspended in the ascending magma, and that the suspended materials settled down when the magma passed trough the Qingkuangshan conduit. The Qingkuangshan sulfide-bearing intrusion is interpreted to a feeder of Emeishan flood basalts in the region.     

攀西小关河地区核桃树富铂岩浆硫化物矿床岩石地球化学特征及成矿机制研究

核桃树富铂岩浆硫化物矿床位于四川会理县小关河地区,是峨眉山大火成岩省中含较高铂族元素含量的岩浆硫化物矿床之一。本文通过对核桃树岩体及部分硫化物矿石主量元素、微量元素及铂族元素的系统分析,讨论了该岩体的岩浆源区及母岩浆性质、地幔部分熔融程度,并探讨了其成因机制。研究认为,核桃树含矿岩体属拉斑玄武岩成因系列,具有与峨眉山玄武岩相似的微量元素组成特征,是峨眉山大火成岩省构造-岩浆活动的产物;铂族元素的原始地幔标准化配分型式与金宝山铂钯矿相似,没有PGE相对于Ni和Cu的明显亏损,Pt和Pd相对Os、Ir、Ru和Rh富集,为PPGE富集的左倾型式,Pd/Ir=1.5~13.1,低于一般大陆拉斑玄武岩,与原始地幔接近。通过岩石地球化学及模拟分析表明,成矿母岩浆MgO约为11.93%、SiO_2约为49.88%、FeOT约为13.71%、TiO_2约为2.61%,为高Mg拉斑玄武质岩浆,是由类似于洋岛玄武岩岩浆源区成分的地幔经过较高程度(约20.17%)的部分熔融形成的苦橄质岩浆演化而来。与小关河地区主要的几类岩浆硫化物矿床的镍铜铂族元素组成及硫化物熔离模式对比分析发现,核桃树高的PGE含量和低的Cu/Pd比值说明了该矿床的硫化物是从PGE不亏损的玄武质岩浆中熔离出来的,类似金宝山矿床。成岩成矿机制分析认为,部分熔融形成的苦橄质岩浆在上升的过程中,发生了以橄榄石(约12.7%)为代表的镁铁质矿物堆积,并形成残余髙镁玄武质岩浆;部分残余髙镁玄武质岩浆向浅部运移过程中,由于温度降低、混染等因素的影响,导致岩浆S饱和,触发硫化物熔离作用的发生(R值为2000~50000),熔离出硫化物熔体与岩浆通道内晶出的橄榄石构成含矿"晶粥",在构造挤压作用下,在浅部岩浆房中由于重力影响发生堆积作用形成具有较富PGE的含矿岩体,R值较大变化正好与PGE含量较大变化相对应。     

东天山图拉尔根铜镍钴硫化物矿床岩相、岩石地球化学特征及其形成的构造背景

新疆图拉尔根铜镍钴矿产于康古儿塔格—黄山韧性剪切带的北东段,是由硫化物深部熔离成矿为主兼就地熔离、热液叠加成矿多重作用形成的半隐伏矿床。1号岩体以全岩矿化为特征,可分为4个岩相:角闪橄榄岩、辉石橄榄岩、角闪辉石岩、辉长岩。岩性具有单期岩浆多次脉动上涌成矿特征。岩体m/f值为3.1～4.8,属于铁质超镁铁岩类,且具有低钛、低碱、低Al2O3特征,与黄山—镜儿泉镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩带岩石化学特征相似。由稀土元素配分曲线和微量元素、过渡族元素蛛网图可知1号和2号岩体具有同源性,并具有互补性,预示2号岩体深部成矿潜力很大,虽然其地表辉长岩矿化微弱。根据横穿1号和2号岩体的大地电磁测深剖面图可以看出两个岩体在深部具有同一个岩浆通道,也验证了两岩体属于同一岩浆来源。较低的La/Sm(<2)和Th/Ta值(4.6)表明成矿岩浆为地幔来源,岩体就位时很少受到地壳的混染。     

Mineralogical,petrological, and geochemical studies of the Limahe mafic–ultramatic intrusion and associated Ni–Cu sulfide ores,SW China

The Limahe Ni–Cu sulfide deposit is hosted by a small mafic–ultramafic intrusion (800 × 200 × 300 m) that is temporally associated with the voluminous Permian flood basalts in SW China. The objective of this study is to better understand the origin of the deposit in the context of regional magmatism which is important for the ongoing mineral exploration in the region. The Limahe intrusion is a multiphase intrusion with an ultramafic unit at the base and a mafic unit at the top. The two rock units have intrusive contacts and exhibit similar mantle-normalized trace element patterns and Sr–Nd isotopic compositions but significantly different cumulus mineralogy and major element compositions. The similarities suggest that they are related to a common parental liquid, whereas the differences point to magma differentiation by olivine crystallization at depth. Sulfide mineralization is restricted to the ultramafic unit. The abundances of sulfides in the ultramafic unit generally increase towards the basal contacts with sedimentary footwall. The δ ³⁴S values of sulfide minerals from the Limahe deposit are elevated, ranging from +2.4 to +5.4‰. These values suggest the involvement of external S with elevated δ ³⁴S values. The mantle-normalized platinum-group element (PGE) patterns of bulk sulfide ores are similar to those of picrites associated with flood basalts in the region. The abundances of PGE in the sulfide ores, however, are significantly lower than that of sulfide liquid expected to segregate from undepleted picrite magma. Cr-spinel and olivine are present in the Limahe ultramafic rocks as well as in the picrites. Mantle-normalized trace element patterns of the Limahe intrusion generally resemble those of the picrites. However, negative Nb–Ta anomalies, common features of contamination with the lower or middle crust, are present in the intrusion but absent in the picrites. Sr–Nd isotopes suggest that the Limahe intrusion experienced higher degrees of contamination with the upper crust than did the picrites. The results of this study permit us to suggest that the parental magma of the Limahe intrusion was derived from picritic magma by olivine fractionation and contamination in a staging chamber at mid-crustal levels. Depletion of PGE in the sulfide ores in the Limahe intrusion is likely due to previous sulfide segregation of the parental magmas in the staging chamber. Sulfide mineralization in the Limahe intrusion is related to second-stage sulfide segregation after the fractionated magmas acquired external S from pyrite-bearing country rocks during magma ascent to the Limahe chamber. The abrupt change in mineralogical and chemical compositions between the ultramafic unit and the overlying unit suggests that at least two separate pulses of magma were involved in the development of the Limahe intrusion. We propose that the Limahe intrusion was once a wider part of a dynamic conduit that fed magma to the overlying subvolcanic dykes/sills or lavas. The ultramafic unit formed by the first, relatively more primitive magma, and the mafic unit formed by the second, relatively more fractionated magma. Immiscible sulfide droplets that segregated from the first magma settled down with olivine crystals to form the sulfide-bearing, olivine-rich rocks in the base of the intrusion. The overlying residual liquids were then pushed out of the chamber by the second magma. Critical factors for the formation of an economic Ni–Cu sulfide deposit in such a small intrusion include the dynamic petrologic processes involved and the availability of external sulfur. The Limahe deposit reminds us that small, multiphase, mafic–ultramafic intrusions in the region should not be overlooked for the potential of economic Ni–Cu sulfide deposits.     

东天山地区图拉尔根铜镍硫化物矿床成因及成矿过程

东天山地区图拉尔根大型铜镍硫化物岩浆矿床是近年找矿的重大突破。通过矿床中坑道穿脉的精细研究,表明 岩体的岩相由角闪橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩、辉石岩与辉长岩组成,不同岩相的稀土元素配分曲线平行过渡变化,暗示各岩相是同源岩浆演化而成。岩相的分布及其接触关系、岩石地球化学及区域构造等指示图拉尔根矿床发生了后期变位。元素地球化学及同位素地球化学研究显示,岩体来自尖晶石稳定的亏损型地幔源区,亏损型地幔部分熔融与消减板片脱水物质混合导致图拉尔根岩体富集轻稀土元素而保持了MORB型同位素特征。岩浆上升过程中经历了微弱(<5%)的上地壳混染。铂族元素地球化学研究显示矿床中铂族含量较低,主要是因为地幔部分熔融较低(约16%),部分铂族元素残留在地幔中所致。     

新疆葫芦铜镍矿床锆石U-Pb年代学、铂族元素地球化学特征及其地质意义

新疆东部葫芦岩体地表出露面积0.75km2,是由辉长闪长岩、辉长岩、辉石岩、辉橄岩、橄榄岩组成的复式岩体。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,岩体形成年龄为274.5±3.9Ma,是东天山后碰撞伸展环境的产物。岩石和矿石的PGE总量低,其中IPGE与PPGE含量相近,PPGE略高于IPGE。岩石平均7.90×10-9,矿石平均45.57×10-9。在原始地幔标准化图解上,岩石和矿石具有相似的分配模式,PPGE和IPGE之间分异较弱。Ni/Cu-Pd/Ir关系图显示母岩浆主要为高镁的玄武质岩浆。根据矿石Cu/Pd比值114.67×103～157.42×103(平均136.05×103)和岩石Cu/Pd比值11.07×103～294.35×103(平均125.48×103)推断,葫芦矿床成矿母岩浆演化过程中经历了深部硫化物部分熔离的过程,这可能是导致该矿床PGE明显亏损的原因之一。地壳物质的混染(SiO2、S等的加入)以及橄榄石、辉石等矿物的分离结晶,是引起该矿床硫饱和并发生硫化物熔离作用而成矿的主要因素。