膨润土开发利用信息三则

利用膨润土生产矿物凝胶其尾矿加工成印花浆料 近年来,我国用膨润土先后分别研制出矿物凝胶和印花浆料。但张家口市清河化工厂独辟新路,利用当地产的优质白膨润土,在生产矿物凝胶的同时,尾矿又制成了印花浆料,一举两得,大大提高了膨润土的综合利用程度,又为企业增加了效益。     

我国膨润土开发应用现状及发展对策

膨润土是一种蒙脱石族粘土类矿物,由于能吸收大量水份,吸水后体积显著膨胀,因而得名。一、我国膨润土工业开发应用的现状膨润土是应用范围较广和经济价值较高的粘土矿物,国外有人称为万能粘土矿物。它的生产历史仅有70多年。在工业发达国家,膨润土工业开始是随着铸造工业、石油工业及铁矿球团工业的发展而发展起来的。近年来,随着科学技术的发展,以及人们对膨润土结构特性     

无机柱撑膨润土的研究进展及应用

无机柱撑膨润土是矿物材料领域的研究热点之一。本文综述了膨润土无机柱撑改性的特征、制备和应用研究现状与进展,总结了膨润土无机柱撑机理和方法,分析了膨润土无机柱撑研究领域存在的问题和发展方向。     

宁国膨润土提纯及钠化改性研究

宁国膨润土原矿的主要矿物为钙基蒙脱石,杂质矿物为沸石、长石、石英等。采用精细沉降法对原矿进行提纯,提纯后的钙基膨润土采用碳酸钠进行钠化改性。利用粉末X-射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、热重分析等手段,对钠化改性膨润土进行测试,结果表明,经钠化改性的膨润土具有良好的分散性,其膨胀容、阳离子交换容量均显著增加,为其工业应用提供了试验依据。     

“九五”中国建材工业科技成果推广(八)

３３６Ｋ００４油脂脱色用膨润土加工工艺一、主要技术内容通过将膨润土矿物进行提纯、活化、洗涤、脱水、干燥、磨粉等一系列加工，可生产出脱色力１６０—２２０、活性度２００以上的油脂脱色用膨润土（活性白土）。二、适用范围本工艺适用于拥有膨润土矿物资源的厂矿、...     

天然矿物膨润土乳化沥青在工程建设中的应用

基于膨润土乳化沥青特点的介绍,围绕膨润土乳化沥青混合料的复合防腐性能和防水性能进行论述,分析天然矿物膨润土在乳化沥青混凝土工程施工中的应用。     

膨润土提纯技术研究进展

膨润土是一种以蒙脱石为主要成分的粘土矿物,广泛应用于医药、化工、食品等多个领域,高纯度的膨润土具有更高的附加值。本文简单介绍了膨润土主要的提纯方法,对重力淘洗法、离心法、旋流分级法、磷酸盐法、超声波振荡法、化学法提纯膨润土技术进行了综述。     

膨润土的膨胀性衰减研究

利用地球化学软件Phreeqc模拟了高放核废料处置库的高压实MX80膨润土中发生的水文地球化学反应,基于长时间尺度的研究的需要,忽略热、力、流等因素的影响,主要考虑了K⁺、Ca²⁺、Na⁺、Mg²⁺四种阳离子的离子交换和矿物溶解沉淀反应,建立了膨润土中的一维离子运移反应模型。模拟了不同外界流体作用下,膨润土化学组分在时间和空间上的变化。结合化学组分变化结果,对膨润土膨胀性衰减情况进行了计算和评估。得到1万年后海水和地下水环境下的MX80膨润土膨胀性衰减系数分别达到0.79和0.91。     

浙江省安吉火山盆地膨润土矿成矿特征

本文通过对浙江省安吉火山盆地膨润土矿分布规律、矿体特征、矿物物化工艺特征等因素进行了重点分析，并简单介绍了膨润土矿的利用方向。     

球团粘结剂用膨润土的新认识

我国是膨润土资源丰富的国家之一,近年来各有关部门对它的利用做了大量的工作,积累了丰富的资料.于是在认识上也有了突破.本文根据大量的试验研究结果,对球团用膨润土提出一些新的看法.这些看法如能被今后的实践证明是正确的,对膨润土的评价、开发利用将起到推动作用.一、膨润土矿石属型的划分膨润土的主要有益组分为蒙脱石.蒙脱石为含水的层状铝硅酸盐矿物.它的化学式为:Al_2O_3·4SiO_2·3H_2O.理论化学成分为:SiO_266.7%,Al_2O_325.3%,H_2O5%.可实际上,由于原岩物质成分、蚀变程度、外来物质的掺入等而显得很复杂.据统计,在膨润土中已发现的非蒙脱石矿物达40余种,其中石英、长石、黑云母、沸石、方英石等极为普遍,因此,它的化学成分比理论化学成分复杂的多,于是物理化学性质也有了变化(表1).     

“去中心化”下农业与乡村社会协调发展研究

乡村"农业去中心化"背景下,重塑农业与乡村社会发展的协调关系,具有维护农业和乡村社会稳定和谐发展的双重意义。研究在分析"去中心化"下农业与乡村社会人口、生活互动关系基础上,运用耦合协调模型,剖析长三角地区乡村农业与社会耦合协调发展时空特征,探讨国土空间规划变革下农业与乡村社会协调关系重构路径。研究表明:(1)农业与乡村社会人口、生活耦合互动关系强,但协调性不足;(2)协调关系发展类型可分为优化型协调、稳定型协调和脱钩型协调;(3)社会生活改善对协调关系优化具有引领作用,而农业发展是根本动力;(4)乡村"农业去中心化"需要避免农业发展"去乡村化";(5)提出从区域视角重构农业与乡村社会协调关系的空间规划路径和调控策略。     

都市农业与城市绿色空间的有机契合——城乡空间统筹的规划探索

城乡统筹发展涉及经济、社会、环境等方方面面,本文侧重从城乡统筹规划的实质——城乡空间布局方面进行探索。以济南市为例,探讨符合现代农业生产力布局理论并与城市总体规划有机结合的农业经济区域布局框架,重点确定与城市绿色空间关系最为密切的都市农业的布局,统筹协调都市农业与城市绿色空间之间的有机契合,尽可能赋予有限的土地资源以多种功能,兼顾城市与都市农业发展的双重需求。     

江苏农业新坐标·美丽海门新典范——江苏省海门市星期七生态农业旅游观光园规划设计浅析

休闲农业是利用农业景观资源和农业生产条件,发展观光、休闲、旅游的一种新型农业生产经营形态。也是深度开发农业资源潜力,调整农业结构,改善农业环境,增加农民收入的新途径。在综合性的休闲农业区,游客不仅可观光、采果、体验农作、了解农民生活、享受乡土情趣,而且可住宿、度假、游乐。下文将以江苏省海门市星期七生态农业旅游观光项目为例,阐述休闲观光农业的规划设计要点。     

The Intersection of Planning,Urban Agriculture,and Food Justice: A Review of the Literature

Problem, research strategy, and findings: We draw on a multidisciplinary body of research to consider how planning for urban agriculture can foster food justice by benefitting socioeconomically disadvantaged residents. The potential social benefits of urban agriculture include increased access to food, positive health impacts, skill building, community development, and connections to broader social change efforts. The literature suggests, however, caution in automatically conflating urban agriculture’s social benefits with the goals of food justice. Urban agriculture may reinforce and deepen societal inequities by benefitting better resourced organizations and the propertied class and contributing to the displacement of lower-income households. The precariousness of land access for urban agriculture is another limitation, particularly for disadvantaged communities. Planners have recently begun to pay increased attention to urban agriculture but should more explicitly support the goals of food justice in their urban agriculture policies and programs.

Takeaway for practice: We suggest several key strategies for planners to more explicitly orient their urban agriculture efforts to support food justice, including prioritizing urban agriculture in long-term planning efforts, developing mutually respectful relationships with food justice organizations and urban agriculture participants from diverse backgrounds, targeting city investments in urban agriculture to benefit historically disadvantaged communities, increasing the amount of land permanently available for urban agriculture, and confronting the threats of gentrification and displacement from urban agriculture. We demonstrate how the city of Seattle (WA) used an equity lens in all of its programs to shift its urban agriculture planning to more explicitly foster food justice, providing clear examples for other cities.     

A review of the role of urban agriculture in the sustainable city discourse

The debate on the role of urban agriculture in the sustainable city discourse remains unresolved in the conventional literature. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review relevant literature to clarify the role of urban agriculture in sustainable cities. The search for literature was guided by themes such as: a) urban agricultural practices, b) indicators for the measurement of sustainable cities, c) economic, social and environmental benefits of urban agriculture, and d) negative effects of urban agriculture on the city. The results from a synthesis of the literature indicate that urban agriculture supports the economic, social and environmental sustainability of cities. However, if the discussion gives credence to only the economic dimension of sustainability, then urban agriculture loses the debate. This is because the economic benefits of prime city land that is used used for non-agricultural purposes (such as commercial or industrial) is profound. However, the social and environmental functions of responsible urban agriculture, particularly in reducing the rift between urbanisation and nature, may be difficult to quantify. These social and environmental functions underscore the importance of urban agriculture in the city landscape. The paper concludes by arguing that focussing on only economic sustainability in the urban agriculture-sustainable city discourse is a travesty of the idea of sustainable development. The paper presents practical steps that can be taken to preserve agriculture in cities towards their sustainability.     

Problems and prospects of redirecting Hungarian agriculture towards sustainable development

Two years after the start of changing the political system in Hungary, the discussions on the need for a transition in agriculture, and especially on the future prospects of agriculture, have still not ended. Experts, researchers and members of several interest groups related to agriculture still uphold extremely different opinions about the causes of the present crisis, and about the direction of future development. Questions concerning the present situation and the future of Hungarian agriculture can be answered only if we look at the problems from a broader perspective. First of all, the time-span of analysis should be expanded into both the past and the future. The present situation can be better understood if it is considered as a stage in a long-term development process. On the other hand, to speak about sustainability without looking into the future is meaningless. The application of a system theory can help to explain the need for the disintegration or decentralization of the structure of our agricultural system. If sustainable development is preferred, viable family farms have to play a dominant role in the new structure, even if at present there are no favourable conditions for them. Broadening the perspective of our analysis is also required to include the state and development of the national economy, the directions of expected changes of internal relations and external markets, including the time and effects of membership of the European Community, expected sociological and demographical trends in Hungarian society, the complex relationships of agriculture to regional development and to the environment as a whole, and the possible or required non-food and non-agricultural use of land and other natural resources.     

都市农业在国外建筑和规划领域的研究及应用

都市农业是一种在城市中进行食品生产的产业形式。通过简要梳理19世纪至今国外农业与城市关系的演变和发展,总结都市农业的研究历程及代表理论,介绍并分析规划和建筑领域应用都市农业理论进行的设计研究,探讨都市农业项目的建成实例并展望未来的发展前景;提出都市农业的研究和发展对于建筑师及规划师意义重大,且能有效推进中国城市向生态、可持续方向发展。     

The Path of Fine Leisure Agriculture in Southern Shaanxi from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization

Under the strategy of rural revitalization in China, the existing leisure agriculture needs to constantly think about how to make better use of the geographical resources of each region in the process of development, and to improve the quality of local leisure agriculture projects. Taking the leisure agriculture in the southern part of Shaanxi Province of China for example, this paper summarized the existing problems in the development, and proposed the path of fine leisure agriculture based on these problems, so as to provide direction to specify the planning orientation of fine leisure agriculture in Southern Shaanxi and improve the brand value of leisure agriculture and provide a reference for the fine development of leisure agriculture in other parts of China.     

农业多元价值导向下城乡结合部产业空间发展研究——以郑州市为例

单一城市化模式导致城郊地区价值流失严重,城乡空间发展呈现简单趋同和无序蔓延趋势。“重形态、轻产业”是这一问题产生的主要原因。根据对国内外城郊产业与空间发展的相关研究分析可知,农业多功能发展有助于实现城郊最优价值。本文在对郑州城乡结合部大量研究的基础上,分析了郑州城郊农业发展的竞争优势及不足,揭示出“经济、生态、社会”农业多元价值观下农业产业集群是郑州城郊农业发展趋势;并探讨了捉业集群引导下城乡结合部空间优化策略,通过构建具有多功能的产业空间体系,形成城乡良性增长边界,最终实现有差别的城乡一体化发展。     

山东省跨入农业强省的标准及实现途径研究

农业是国民经济发展的基础 ,农业现状的好坏直接影响到整个国民经济的发展 .笔者通过对山东省农业现状的考察 ,设置五层反映作为农业强省的统计指标体系 ,并在此基础上 ,运用定量分析对指标体系加以量化 ,指出山东省在农业发展中的制约因素 ,进而提出达到农业强省的实现途径 .