PEA-NaA /α-Al2OPEA-NaA /α-Al2O3复合支撑分子筛膜的微波水热合成

采用微波水热合成法在聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)-NaA分子筛/α-Al2O3复合载体表面合成了具有高选择性的致密NaA型分子筛膜,重点考察了微波辐射时间对成膜的影响。采用X射线衍射图谱(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对NaA型分子筛膜进行了表征。XRD结果表明,复合载体表面生成的膜中只有NaA分子筛的晶相;SEM结果表明,复合载体基膜表面覆盖了一层致密连续的NaA型分子筛膜。合成的NaA型分子筛膜在不同质量分数乙醇中的渗透汽化性能结果表明,渗透通量随乙醇质量分数增大而减小,分离因子则反之,当乙醇质量分数为95%时,渗透通量仅0.05 kg/(m2.h),而分离因子高达13 000。     

PEI-NaA/α-Al_2O_3复合支撑分子筛膜的微波水热合成

采用微波水热合成法在聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)-NaA分子筛/α-Al2O3复合载体表面合成了具有高选择性的致密NaA型分子筛膜,重点考察了微波辐射时间对成膜的影响。采用X射线衍射图谱(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对NaA型分子筛膜进行了表征。XRD结果表明,复合载体表面生成的膜中只有NaA分子筛的晶相;SEM结果表明,复合载体基膜表面覆盖了一层致密连续的NaA型分子筛膜。合成的NaA型分子筛膜在不同质量分数乙醇中的渗透汽化性能结果表明,渗透通量随乙醇质量分数增大而减小,分离因子则反之,当乙醇质量分数为95%时,渗透通量仅0.05 kg/(m2.h),而分离因子高达13 000。     

PEA-NaA /α-Al2OPEA-NaA /α-Al2O3复合支撑分子筛膜的微波水热合成

采用微波水热合成法在聚醚酰亚胺(PEA)-NaA分子筛/α-Al2O3复合载体表面合成了具有高选择性的致密NaA 型分子筛膜,重点考察了微波辐射时间对成膜的影响。采用X射线衍射图谱（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对NaA型分子筛膜进行了表征。XRD 结果表明,复合载体表面生成的膜中只有NaA 分子筛的晶相;SEM 结果表明,复合载体基膜表面覆盖了一层致密连续的NaA型分子筛膜。合成NaA型分子筛膜的渗透汽化性能和不同乙醇水溶液浓度对渗透汽化性能的影响的结果表明,渗透通量随乙醇溶液的浓度增大而减小,分离因子则反之,当乙醇溶液浓度为95%时,渗透通量仅0.05 kg/ (m2?h),而分离因子高达13000。     

用于分离DMF/H2O体系的Me-silicalite-1渗透汽化分子筛膜的制备

采用二次生长法制备了用于渗透汽化分离DMF/H2O体系的杂原子取代Me-silicalite-1/α-Al2O3(Me=Co、Fe)分子筛复合膜,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和紫外漫反射(UV-Vis)等方法对分子筛膜进行表征,结果表明金属离子进入分子筛骨架。渗透汽化实验显示,金属离子掺杂的silicalite-1/α-Al2O3分子筛复合膜,具有较好的分离性能且优先透过有机胺,有利于工业中DMF溶剂的回收和利用。随着操作温度升高,分离因子减小,渗透通量增加。40℃分离质量分数为5%的DMF/H2O混合液时,Co-silicalite-1/α-Al2O3分子筛膜和Fe-silicalite-1/α-Al2O3分子筛膜的分离因子分别为4.4和2.9,渗透通量分别为0.66和0.84 kg·m-2·h-1。     

Sn-silicalite-2分子筛膜的制备及其渗透汽化性能研究

采用二次生长法在多孔α-Al_2O_3支撑体表面制备Sn-silicalite-2分子筛膜。通过XRD和FT-IR分析证明Sn原子进入MEL分子筛骨架,通过扫描电镜(SEM)表征膜结构。考察了Sn含量、进料温度和进料质量分数对渗透汽化性能的影响。结果表明,合成液中Sn/Si摩尔比为0. 03时,Sn-silicalite-2分子筛膜具有最高的有机物选择性,并且随着进料温度的升高和进料质量分数的降低,渗透通量和分离因子均增大。在料液温度为70℃、进料质量分数为5%的条件下,合成液中Sn/Si摩尔比为0. 03的Sn-silicalite-2分子筛膜分离乙醇/水、乙酸/水和DMF/水溶液的渗透通量分别为1. 28、1. 13、0. 99 kg/(m~2·h),分离因子分别为6. 3、12. 7和5. 6。     

Silicalite-2分子筛膜的制备及其渗透汽化性能研究

利用二次晶种法在多孔α-Al2O3支撑体表面制备了全硅Silicalite-2分子筛膜。通过XRD和SEM等分析方法对分子筛膜进行表征,并考察了晶化时间、晶化温度以及水含量对分子筛成膜的影响。结果表明,在n(TBAOH)∶n(TEOS)∶n(H2O)=1∶3∶100,晶化时间为48 h,晶化温度为130℃下所制备的膜完整致密。将制备的分子筛膜用于渗透汽化分离有机物/水溶液,实验显示其具有有机物优先选择透过性。随着进料质量分数的降低和料液温度的升高,渗透通量和分离因子均增大。70℃分离5%的乙醇/水溶液、乙酸/水溶液和DMF(二甲基甲酰胺)/水溶液时,渗透通量分别为1.12、1.14 kg/(m2·h)和0.87 kg/(m2·h),分离因子分别为5.1、1.6和2.4。     

有机硅烷改性ZSM-5/BPPO非对称膜制备及其渗透汽化性能

以硅烷改性ZSM-5分子筛为填充剂,采用沉浸凝胶相转化法制备了ZSM-5/BPPO非对称膜. 结果表明,分子筛在BPPO膜中分散均匀,填充分子筛后膜表面粗糙度增大、疏水性增强. 以低浓度乙醇-水体系为研究对象,考察了分子筛填充量、进料液浓度及进料液温度对ZSM-5/BPPO膜渗透汽化分离性能的影响. 结果表明,随乙醇浓度增大,ZSM-5/BPPO膜的分离因子减小,渗透通量增大;随进料液温度升高,ZSM-5/BPPO膜的分离因子及渗透通量均增大;在60℃、分子筛填充量为0.3%(w)时,ZSM-5/BPPO膜对5%(w)乙醇-水体系的分离因子高达18.49,渗透通量为529.69 g/(m2×h). ZSM-5/BPPO膜对不同醇-水体系的分离结果表明,醇类分子量越大,膜分离性能越好.     

规模化NaA分子筛膜的制备与分离性能研究

采用湿法球磨技术制备亚微米晶种,利用球磨亚微米晶种诱导在自制大孔α-Al2 O3支撑体合成出高分离性能的NaA分子筛膜.采用场发射扫描式电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、渗透汽化和蒸汽渗透分离技术对所合成的膜进行了系统表征.在操作温度为348 K,对水质量分数为10％乙醇-水体系进行渗透汽化测试,分离因子>10000且渗透通...     

TMCS修饰MFI分子筛膜的制备及乙醇/水分离稳定性的研究

采用三甲基氯硅烷（TMCS）作为修饰源对MFI分子筛膜进行表面改性,系统考察了TMCS浓度以及修饰时间对于MFI分子筛膜在分离乙醇/水混合物时的性能影响。SEM、XRD、²⁹Si NMR、FT-IR、接触角实验及分离实验结果表明,TMCS可以与硅羟基反应,嫁接分子筛膜表面,在消除膜表面硅缺陷的同时提高膜的疏水性及膜分离性能的稳定性。随着TMCS浓度以及反应时间的增加,修饰后MFI分子筛膜的通量及分离因子略有下降,但稳定性增强。在TMCS的浓度为0.4%（质量）,修饰时间为2 h时,所得到的膜具有最佳渗透汽化分离性能,并可在60℃下分离5%（质量）乙醇/水混合物时保持良好的稳定性。在连续90 h渗透汽化分离过程中,其渗透通量稳定在1.61 kg·m^-2·h^-1 左右,分离因子保持在20以上。     

Silicalite-1分子筛膜渗透蒸发条件的响应面分析与优化

采用Silicalite-1分子筛膜用于低浓度乙醇/水溶液的渗透蒸发分离,运用单因素实验考察了晶种质量分数、晶化温度、晶化时间3个制备条件对Silicalite-1分子筛膜渗透蒸发分离性能的影响,借助响应面分析（RSM）研究了料液温度、乙醇质量分数、真空压力3个运行条件对分离系数和渗透通量的影响。单因素实验结果表明,在晶种质量分数为0.3%、晶化温度为175℃、晶化时间为7h条件下制备的Silicalite-1分子筛膜对乙醇/水的渗透蒸发分离效果较好。RSM结果表明,料液温度、料液配比、真空压力对分离系数和渗透通量的影响显著,根据RSM建立多项式模型并对该模型预测的最佳条件进行了实验验证,实验结果与模型预测较为吻合。在进料温度为70℃、乙醇质量分数为3.49%、真空压力为7.82kPa条件下,实际分离系数和渗透通量与预测值偏差分别小于5.46%和7.39%。     

Silicalite-1 zeolite composite membranes

This review paper discusses the preparation of silicalite-1 zeolite membranes, the experimental procedures used for gas separation measurements and the results of single gas and gas mixture experiments. Silicalite-alumina composite membranes were prepared by an in-situ zeolite synthesis method using an alumina membrane tube with a 5-nm-pore-diameter, γ-alumina layer as a substrate. Single gas permeances of H₂, Ar, n-C₄H₁₀, i-C₄H₁₀ and SF₆ were measured and mixtures of H₂/i-C₄H₁₀ and H₂/SF₆ were separated to characterize the silicalite membrane. These measurements were made from 300 to 737 K. Transport through the silicalite membrane appeared to be controlled by molecular size and adsorption properties. Permeances of all components studied were activated, and activation energies ranged from 8.5 to 16.2 kJ/mol. The ratio of single gas permeances was as high as 136 for H₂/SF₆ and 1100 for H₂/i-C₄H₁₀ at 298 K. Separation selectivities at elevated temperatures were significantly above Knudsen diffusion selectivity and were larger than ratios of pure gas permeances at the same temperature. The largest permeance ratio for the separation of mixtures was 12.8 for H₂/SF₆ at 583 K. Separation selectivities were higher when a pressure drop was maintained across the membrane than when an inert sweep gas was used because of counter diffusion of the sweep gas.     

合成次数及硅铝比调控SAPO-34分子筛膜的乙醇脱水性能

SAPO-34分子筛膜因其独特的孔道结构和优异的稳定性被广大学者所青睐,目前的研究大多集中在催化、吸附和气体分离等方面,而关于其在液体分离中的研究鲜少报道。本文在Al₂O₃中空纤维支撑体表面分别一次和二次合成制备了SAPO-34分子筛膜,考察了四种不同硅铝比对SAPO-34分子筛膜结构形貌和性能的影响,并用于乙醇溶液的渗透汽化脱水,考察了操作温度、原料液中乙醇浓度以及分子筛合成次数对分离效果的影响。研究结果表明,硅铝比为0.5的二次合成的SAPO-34分子筛膜具有连续而致密的分离层和良好的渗透汽化分离性能,60℃下对乙醇（90%）-水（10%）的分离因子可以达到1170,渗透通量为0.9 kg/(m²·h)。     

Separation of C2–C4 hydrocarbons from methane by zeolite MFI hollow fiber membranes fabricated from 2D nanosheets

Separation of higher hydrocarbons from methane is an important and energy-intensive operation in natural gas processing. We present a detailed investigation of thin and oriented MFI zeolite membranes fabricated from 2D MFI nanosheets on inexpensive α-alumina hollow fiber supports, particularly for separation of n-butane, propane, and ethane (“natural gas liquids”) from methane. These membranes display high permeances and selectivities for C₂–C₄ hydrocarbons over methane, driven primarily by stronger adsorption of C₂–C₄ hydrocarbons. We study the separation characteristics under unary, binary, ternary, and quaternary mixture conditions at 298 K and 100–900 kPa feed pressures. The membranes are highly effective in quaternary mixture separation at elevated feed pressures, for example allowing n-butane/methane separation factors of 170–280 and n-butane permeances of 710–2,700 GPU over the feed pressure range. We parametrize and apply multicomponent Maxwell–Stefan transport equations to predict the main trends in separation behavior over a range of operating conditions.     

High‐performance zeolite T membrane for dehydration of organics by a new varying temperature hot‐dip coating method

A new seeding method, namely, varying‐temperature hot‐dip coating (VTHDC), is proposed for synthesis of zeolite T membranes by secondary hydrothermal growth. The VTHDC method is composed of hot‐dip coating at higher temperature, rubbing off the superfluous crystals, and hot‐dip coating at lower temperature. It was found that the method was flexible and effective for combined control over the seed suspension concentration, seed size, and coating temperature, leading to combined control of properties of the seed layer over the seed size, thickness, coverage, and defect. A thin continuous, smooth defect‐free asymmetric seed layer was achieved consisting of large and small zeolite T seed crystals. The resulting zeolite T membrane M5 exhibited high pervaporation performance with the flux reaching 2.12 and 2.52 kg/m² h for the dehydration of 90 wt % EtOH/H₂O and IPA/H₂O mixture, respectively, at 348 K. The corresponding separation factor was up to 1301 and 10,000, respectively. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 936–947, 2013     

管式支撑体内表面NaA分子筛膜的合成与表征

采用转动合成方式通过二次生长法在管式α-Al₂O₃支撑体内表面合成了NaA分子筛膜,采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、场发射扫描式电子显微镜（FE-SEM）和渗透汽化分离技术对所合成的膜进行了系统表征。考察了合成釜转速对分子筛膜合成的影响,结果表明合成釜转速的提高有利于分子筛膜合成。在转速为4 r·min^-1时所合成NaA分子筛膜分离因子高达2370,渗透通量1.86 kg·h^-1·m^-2左右（乙醇/相似文献   

ZrO2 和Al2O3支撑的MFI 型沸石分子筛膜:支撑体材料对膜性能的影响

采用水热合成法，以纯SiO2为源物质，在介孔Y2O3掺杂的ZrO2(YZ)及大孔α-Al2O3支撑体上制备出高质量的MFI型沸石分子筛膜，通过H2／n-C4H10气体混合物的渗透分离和p-xylene的蒸发研究了不同支撑体上MFI型沸石分子筛膜分离性能，在较低温度范围，YZ支撑的MFI型沸石分子筛膜中n-C4H10的渗透率比Al2O3支撑的膜高很多，最大n-C4H10与H2的分离率达到500，Al2O3支撑的膜中py-xylene的蒸发流量随时间下降很快，而YZ支撑的膜中的蒸发流量则变化缓慢，用XRD对膜的晶体结构进行分析，通过多种温度下热处理不同支撑体上的膜样品研究了其热稳定性与支持体材料的关系，YZ支撑的MFI型沸石分子筛膜的MFI结构在1000摄氏度后仍能保持，而Al2O3支撑的膜950摄氏度时已完全转变为石英相，研究结果表明，YZ支撑的MFI型沸石分子筛膜比Al2O3支撑的膜表现出更好的厌不性，热稳定性以及抗阻塞性。     

多步组装合成介孔二氧化硅担载膜

采用浸渍法和表面改性多步组装合成技术在商业用多孔氧化铝管上制备介孔二氧化硅担载膜。所制备的介孔二氧化硅膜层的厚度平均为2μm,平均孔径为1.59nm。单一气体的渗透实验表明:气体通过介孔二氧化硅膜层符合Knudsen扩散模型,在298K和100kPa的恒定条件下,氦气和氮气的渗透量分别为15.6×10-6mol/(s·m2·Pa)和2.5×10-6mol/(s·m2·Pa)。渗透蒸发实验表明:经六甲基二硅氮烷表面改性的二氧化硅膜层在303K和313K下分别对含3%(质量分数,下同)和5%乙醇的水溶液进行乙醇组分的提浓,乙醇的分离系数和渗透通量分别为15.2～18.7和1.09～1.25kg/(m2·h)。     

Scale-up of NaA zeolite membranes onα-Al2O3 hollow fibers by a secondary growth method with vacuum seeding

NaA zeolite membranes were prepared by secondary growth method on the outer surface ofα-Al2O3 hollow fiber supports. Vacuum seeding method was used for planting zeolite seeds on the support surfaces. Hydrother-mal crystallization was then carried out in a synthesis solution with molar ratio of Al2O3:SiO2:Na2O:H2O=1:2:2:120 at 100 °C for 4 h. Effects of seeding conditions on preparation of hollow fiber NaA zeolite membranes were extensively investigated. Moreover, hollow fiber membrane modules with packing membrane areas of ca. 0.1 and 0.2 m2 were fabricated to separate ethanol/water mixture. It is found that the thickness of seed layer is obviously affected by seed suspension concentration, coating time and vacuum degree. Close-packing seed layer is required to obtain high-quality membranes. The optimized seeding conditions (seed suspension mass concentration of 0.5%–0.7%, coating time of 5 s and vacuum degree of 10 kPa) lead to dense NaA zeolite layer with a thickness of 6–8μm. Typically, an as-synthesized hollow fiber NaA zeolite membrane exhibits good pervaporation performance with a permeation flux of 7.02 kg·m?2·h?1 and separation factor N 10000 for sepa-ration of 90%(by mass) ethanol/water mixture at 75 °C. High reproducibility has been achieved for batch-scale production of hollow fiber NaA zeolite membranes by the hydrothermal synthesis approach.     

二次水热合成法制备ZSM-5分子筛膜及其渗透汽化性能

采用二次水热合成法在管状多孔莫来石支撑体上制备高耐酸性ZSM-5分子筛膜,系统地研究分子筛晶种和合成溶胶中H₂O/SiO₂摩尔比率对ZSM-5分子筛膜生长与渗透汽化性能的影响,采用X射线衍射、冷场扫描电子显微镜和电子能谱等表征技术分别对制备的ZSM-5分子筛及其ZSM-5分子筛膜的结构、形貌和Si/Al比进行表征。针对分离75℃、90% HAc/H₂O的水溶液,最优化条件下制备的ZSM-5分子筛膜表现出优良的渗透汽化性能,渗透通量和分离因子分别为0.98kg/(m²·h)和890。此外,本研究所采用制备耐酸性ZSM-5分子筛膜的方法表现出良好的重现性,重复制备的12根ZSM-5分子筛膜在75℃下分离90% HAc/H₂O的水溶液时,平均通量和分离系数分别为（0.85±0.15）kg/(m²·h)和650±290。再者,ZSM-5分子筛膜在45～75℃的温度范围内分离50%～95% HAc/H₂O水溶液时都表现出优良的渗透汽化性能。