基于层次语言模型的英语动名词搭配纠错策略

搭配的正确使用是区分地道英语使用者和普通学习者的一个重要特征.通过分析中国英语学习者语料库（CLEC）,可以发现动名词搭配错误是英语学习者易犯的错误.本文提出一种可用于纠正英语学习者动名词搭配错误的层次语言模型.该语言模型考虑到了句子内部词语之间的依赖关系,将句子处理为不同的层次的子句,同一个句子内部的单词高度相关,不同子句内的单词相关性弱.该语言模型对于句子成分的变化得到的结果更加稳定,而且搭配信息得到浓缩,得到的语言模型更加精确.本文将模型用于生成分类器特征和结果排序.这种层次语言模型应用到英语动名词搭配的检错纠错中,对比传统语言模型,会有更好的效果.     

本体候选映射集搜索方法的研究

针对传统的本体候选映射集搜索方法时间复杂度偏高、且容易得出错误的候选映射集等问题,提出一种改进的候选映射集搜索方法。该方法通过比较概念间的名称相似度获得初始的候选映射集,利用概念间的相关度对其进行扩展,从而得出最终的候选映射集。实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

汉语句子相似度计算在FAQ中的应用

通过对传统的汉语句子相似度模型进行改进,提出一种基于关键词加权的汉语句子相似度计算方法,在此基础上实现一个基于常问问题库的中文问答系统。该系统通过将用户输入的自然语言问句与常问问题库中的候选问题集进行相似度计算,自动返回最匹配的答案给用户,自动更新和维护常问问题库。实验结果表明该方法在问旬匹配上比传统方法具有更高的准确率。     

融合字形特征的多任务老挝语文字识别后纠错

后处理是检测和纠正文字识别后文本中错误的重要步骤，老挝语文字识别结果中存在大量相似字符替换错误及字符断裂、粘连导致的字符插入、删除错误，针对该问题进行分析，该文提出了一种融合字符形状特征的多任务老挝语文字识别后纠错方法.该方法引入基于长短期记忆网络的seq2seq模型架构，将老挝字形特征融入模型以辅助模型对相似字符替换错误的纠正，针对文本中插入、删除错误在编码端联合多尺度卷积网络以不同的卷积核大小提取文本的局部特征；再使用语言模型对解码端预测的文本序列与原始文本进行重排名，得到最佳候选；同时，采用多任务学习的方式，以错误检测辅任务优化模型纠错效果，此外，该文以数据增强的方式扩充数据集.实验结果表明，该方法使老挝文字识别的字符错率低至7.94%.     

中文知识库问答中的路径选择

路径选择是知识库问答任务的关键步骤,语义相似度常被用来计算路径对于问句的相似度得分。针对测试集中存在大量未见的关系,该文提出使用一种负例动态采样的语义相似度模型的训练方法,去丰富训练集中关系的多样性,模型性能得到显著提升。针对复杂问题候选路径数量组合爆炸问题,该文比较了两种路径剪枝方法,即基于分类的方法和基于集束搜索的方法。在包含简单问题和复杂问题的CCKS 2019-CKBQA评测数据集上,该方法能达到较优异的性能,测试集上单模型系统平均F₁值达到0.694,系统融合后达到0.731。     

基于模板子空间的快速固定音频检索方法

针对大容量模板库条件下固定音频检索面临检索速度慢的问题,提出一种基于模板子空间的快速固定音频检索方法.利用相同或相似音频数据间存在一定相关性的特点,采用基于模板子空间的方法快速筛选出相似度较高的候选模板集,对候选集内的所有模板进行精细检索以得到最终结果.实验结果表明,与已有方法相比,该方法可以在几乎不损失精度的情况下大幅提高检索速度.     

基于最大熵模型的介词纠错系统

英语介词纠错系统,针对英语学习者英语语言中常见的介词错误进行计算机自动纠正.首先,对标注过得语料库中介词错误进行了分类统计,总结出21种常见介词,在英语wiki语料库中利用计算机自动错误插值算法获得训练集合.然后在训练集合基础之上,通过使用基于最大熵模型的分类器,选择了包括上下文、介词补足语等特征,在训练集上进行模型的训练,最后使用模型对于输入句子进行预测并纠正存在的使用错误.在NUCLE语料的实验中,给出了语料处理、模型特点、训练语料的大小、迭代次数对于测试集效果的影响,并且比较了朴素贝叶斯模型的结果,最后在测试数据达到27.68的F值,相对于CoNLL2013的shared task中最好结果有小幅提升.     

一种快速高效的本体匹配方法

本体匹配是解决本体异构问题的主要方法之一,一个高效、精确的相似度计算方法是本体匹配的前提条件,针对目前本体匹配时计算复杂以及计算不精确的问题,提出了一种改进的本体匹配方法,该方法首先通过对本体库分类来确定候选匹配集,减少了相似度计算的工作量;进而根据本体的定义模型,从概念实例、概念属性和概念结构等方面来综合计算概念相似度,提高了相似度计算的精确度。实验表明该方法能在较少的时间复杂度上达到较好的匹配效果。     

基于多特征语义匹配的知识库问答系统

知识库问答（KBQA）任务主要目的在于精确地将自然语言问题和知识库（KB）中的三元组进行匹配。传统的KBQA方法通常专注于实体识别和谓语匹配,实体识别的错误会导致错误传播从而无法得到正确的答案。针对上述问题提出一种端到端的解决方案直接匹配问题和三元组,该系统主要包含候选三元组生成和候选三元组排序两个部分来实现精确问答。首先通过BM25算法计算问题和知识库中三元组的相关性生成候选三元组;然后通过多特征语义匹配模型（MFSMM）进行三元组的排序,即用MFSMM分别通过双向长短时记忆网络（Bi-LSTM）和卷积神经网络（CNN）实现语义相似度和字符相似度的计算,并通过融合来对三元组进行排序。该系统在NLPCC-ICCPOL 2016 KBQA数据集上的平均F1为80.35%,接近了现有最好的表现。     

基于特征索引的图相似查询过滤算法

分析图相似查询候选集的产生过程以及特征图之间的关系对候选图集的影响,提出一种基于特征索引的图相似查询过滤算法,使用GIndex算法建立特征图索引结构,通过特征图之间的选择性关系给出一个有序的特征集,并借助特征-图矩阵对数据库进行筛选得到候选图集。实验结果证明,该方法能准确地产生候选图集,从而提高图查询的效率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.