改造对沸石基复合环境材料表面结构的影响及应用

以天然斜发沸石为研究对象,采用不同改造方法对其进行改造,研究发现LaCl3化学改造2h,500℃高温下焙烧1h后所得沸石基复合环境材料去除污水中磷的性能有了较大提高。SEM和EDS测试材料的结果表明,天然沸石改造后其表面形貌发生了改变,孔结构得到了扩展,改造前后材料主要成分均为Si、Al、O,但改造后材料中La离子含量明显增加。材料表面结构测试分析发现,改造后复合材料孔道得到拓宽,孔径分布更为均匀,孔容积、比表面积、孔径数量和孔隙率与沸石原材料相比均有所增加。在此基础上,研究了沸石基复合环境材料用量、处理时间及废水pH值对材料除磷效果的影响,结果表明,材料在用量1.2g/L、处理时间3h、pH值3～7的条件下,对废水中磷去除率可达98.46%。     

表面活化沸石外比表面积的试验研究

利用阳离子表面活化剂(HDTMA Cl)对天然沸石进行了表面活化改性,并使用BET法测定了表面活化沸石颗粒(SMZ)和天然沸石颗粒的外比表面积,试验结果表明,粒径为4～100目时,天然沸石的比表面积为13.44～14.32m2/g,活化沸石的比表面积为4.18～6.79m2/g,与天然沸石相比较,其值要小1～2倍。通过轻拍式原子力显微镜镜像分析(TMAFM),探讨了SMZ外比表面积发生变化的原因。     

复合改性对沸石物化性质及脱氮除磷抗菌的影响

对天然沸石进行Na Cl-焙烧改性、La Cl3调控,再载入银离子制备出复合沸石。研究发现,复合沸石对污水氨氮和磷的去除率分别可达91.66%和90.09%,抗菌率达到96.58%。在此基础上,运用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱图分析(EDS)、红外光谱图分析(IR)、离子交换容量(CEC)、比表面积与孔径分析等手段对改性复合后的沸石进行结构表征,来进一步探究复合改性对沸石物化性质及脱氮除磷抗菌性能的影响。结果表明,天然沸石经改性复合后,孔道被拓宽,孔容积、比表面积等均有所增加。复合沸石Na、La和Ag含量增加,Ca、Mg等含量相应的减少。改性复合后沸石的阳离子交换容量与天然沸石比均有提高。     

沸石矿模板制备多孔炭及其电性能研究

为降低模板法制备多孔炭的成本,使用一种天然沸石矿为模板来制备多孔炭。利用XRD、N2吸附和循环伏安法研究多孔炭的物相组成、孔结构和电化学性能。研究表明,所制备多孔炭的比表面积仅为411m2/g,但富含中大孔,并具有较宽的孔径分布;在1mol/L的H2SO4溶液中,1mV/s的扫描速度下,多孔炭的比容量为185F/g,扫描速度增加到500mV/s,其比容量保持率高达72%,比在相同条件下,比表面积2322m2/g的商业微孔活性炭的容量保持率23%高得多,且保持了良好的扫描曲线。     

壳聚糖/沸石分子筛复合吸附颗粒的制备与性能

采用实验室自制壳聚糖/沸石分子筛复合吸附颗粒用于处理水中NH₄+-N和NO₃--N,通过优化工艺条件确定最佳壳聚糖/沸石分子筛复合吸附颗粒制备方法,并利用SEM、比表面积（BET）、FTIR和XPS分析壳聚糖/沸石分子筛复合吸附颗粒表面物化特性。结果表明:壳聚糖/沸石分子筛复合吸附颗粒最佳制备条件为:乙酸浓度为4vol%,壳聚糖浓度为7 g/L,振荡时间为10 h,振荡温度为30℃。制得的壳聚糖/沸石分子筛复合吸附颗粒对NH₄+-N和NO₃--N的吸附量分别达到0.636 mg/g和1.952 mg/g,去除率分别为81.60%和40.28%。壳聚糖/沸石分子筛复合吸附颗粒表面形貌呈现较多凸起和微孔,比表面积为391.52 m2/g。FTIR分析结果表明,壳聚糖特征官能团-NH₂和-CH₃已负载于沸石分子筛的基本骨架中。XPS分析结果表明,元素O1s在壳聚糖与沸石分子筛的连接过程中起主要作用,该研究成果可为北方严寒地区净水厂的提标改造提供理论依据。      

白藜芦醇纳米载体的制备与表征

制备了负载1%白藜芦醇（Res）的三种脂质纳米载体,分别为固体脂质纳米粒（SLN）、纳米脂质载体（NLC）和纳米乳（NE）,通过进行离心、粒径、zeta电位、pH值、含量、包封率及对温度的稳定性等理化性质研究,结果表明,Res-SLN,粒径45±5nm,zeta电位-10.0±0.3mV,含量为9.57mg.mL-1,包封率为98.68%;Res-NLC,粒径185±3nm,zeta电位-10.8±0.5mV,含量为9.17mg.mL-1,包封率为99.36%;Res-NE,粒径7nm,zeta电位-4.8±0.4mV,含量为9.89mg.mL-1,包封率为97.97%。三种载体体系在4℃及25℃离心10000r/min,30min不分层。分别在室温、4℃、40℃下放置15d,Res-NLC表现出良好的稳定性。     

纳米碳纤维表面修饰及其在水溶液中的分散

为了研究纳米碳纤维(CNFs)在水溶液中的分散情况,对其进行高温纯化处理,以甲基纤维素(MC)为分散剂,制备分散良好的CNFs悬浮液.采用差热分析(DTA)和热重分析(TGA)研究了高温处理对CNFs的影响,通过测定悬浮液的紫外可见光吸光度、等温吸附曲线、zeta电位及表面张力等方法研究了MC对CNFs分散性能的影响,并讨论分析了MC对CNFs的分散机理.结果表明:MC的加入使CNFs悬浮液的zeta电位由-15.4 mV升至0,表面张力由38.87 mN/m降至36.54 mN/m;等温吸附曲线表明MC在CNFs的表面为"单阶段吸附",当MC的质量浓度达到0.4 g/L时,MC在CNFs表面饱和吸附;当CNFs达到最佳分散状态时,MC与CNFs的质量比为2∶1.     

La掺杂TiO2介孔微球的超声水热合成和光催化性能

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源、硝酸镧为镧源、十二胺为模板剂,采用超声?水热法合成了La3+掺杂介孔TiO2微球,并利用XRD、XPS、TEM、BET、UV-Vis、IR、FL等手段表征了材料的结构、形貌、比表面积、孔径分布及光学性能.研究结果表明,适量La3+离子掺杂不仅能使介孔TiO2晶粒细化,比表面积增大,荧光强度减弱.La3+/TiO2的光吸收边红移,并具有比商业P25更好的光催化活性,其中介孔La3+/TiO2(2.0at%)的比表面积和平均孔径分别为132.7 m2/g和8.67 nm,光催化降解初始浓度为40 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液120 min时,其降解率达到98.5%,表现出最强的光降解能力.     

埃洛石原料无模板法制备高比表面积介孔氧化硅及其在亚甲基蓝吸附中的应用

采用无模板法, 以天然的矿物原料制备介孔材料是一种经济有效的制备方法。本研究利用“煅烧-沸石化-酸处理”工艺制备高比表面积的介孔氧化硅颗粒。研究发现,通过长时间的碱处理将煅烧埃洛石转化为沸石,随后通过酸处理,可制备出比表面积高达767 m²/g的介孔氧化硅材料。该工艺机理为: 850℃煅烧使埃洛石转变为无定型态的Si-O-Al网络结构,煅烧埃洛石在长时间的水热碱处理过程中转化为结晶态的LTA沸石硅铝酸钠,在随后的强酸性环境下,沸石的Al-O和Na-O成分被完全溶解,而残余的Si-O纳米碎片在酸环境中相互聚合,生成无定形态的介孔氧化硅颗粒。本实验制备的介孔氧化硅比表面积高达767 m²/g,最可几孔径为5 nm,其亚甲基蓝平衡吸附量可达741 mg/g,表明其在污染物吸附中具有良好的应用潜力。     

HY型分子筛催化合成2,6-二甲基萘

考察了HY沸石催化2-甲基萘(2-MN)与均四甲苯(TeMB)转移甲基化合成2,6-二甲基萘(2,6-DMN)的反应条件,较适宜的反应条件是:n(2-MN):n(TeMB)=1,温度350℃,压力0.15MPa,空速4h-1.研究了负载改性的AlCl3-HY催化剂孔结构、表面酸性对2-MN与TeMB转移甲基化反应结果的影响.研究结果表明,AlCl3-HY催化剂比表面积和孔径减小,总酸量减少,LeW-is酸/Bronsted酸增加,用于催化2-MN与TeMB转移甲基化反应可以抑制三甲基萘的生成,提高2,6-DMN和β,β'-二甲基萘(β,β'-DMN)的选择性,其选择性分别达到18.5%和48.5%.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.