碲化镉粉的液相还原与氢处理法制备研究

以氯化镉和二氧化碲为原料,水合肼为还原剂和络合剂,原位制备出了纳米级混合均匀的前驱体粉末,在110~400℃氢气还原制备了碲化镉粉末,并结合X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等分析手段研究了上述过程中物相和微观结构演变。结果表明,制备前躯体过程中四价碲被水合肼还原成纳米级的碲单质,同时镉离子以2~5μmCd(N2H4)xCl2配合物的形式沉淀析出,且单质碲和Cd(N2H4)xCl2均匀分散;当氯化镉和二氧化碲按摩尔比1∶1进行混合时得到的前躯体经400℃氢处理后,可获得单一相组成的碲化镉粉末。     

纳米γ-Fe_2O_3的室温固相反应工艺研究

采用室温固相法合成了γ-Fe2O3的前驱体FeC2O4·2H2O及纳米γ-Fe2O3。以FeSO4·7H2O和H2C2O4·2H2O为原料,先得到了前驱体FeC2O4·2H2O,通过对反应机理的初步探讨,并研究其物质结构、分解过程和合适煅烧温度,最后在400℃下煅烧前驱体3h得到γ-Fe2O3纳米粒子。经热重(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)测试手段的分析,结果表明:室温固相法合成纳米γ-Fe2O3产物γ-Fe2O3纯净、粒子为纳米级且分布均匀。     

低温碳热还原法合成氮化铝陶瓷超细粉末

采用硝酸盐-有机物低温燃烧反应溶胶-凝胶工艺,以硝酸铝（Al（NO3）3·9H2O）、葡萄糖（C6H12O6·H2O）、尿素（CO（NH2）2）为原料,制备出粒度细小、混合均匀的铝源和碳源的混合前驱物,然后以该前驱物为原料进行碳热还原反应制备氮化铝粉末.研究表明,该前驱物具有较高的反应活性,氮化反应速率快,1550℃时仅用90min即可实现完全转化,SEM分析结果表明合成粉末为粒度分布均匀的纳米级（～100nm）粉末.     

不同溶剂条件下的液相还原制备纳米碲粉

在常温常压下,将单质碲溶于酸溶液中,通过水合肼液相还原制备了纳米碲粉,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了不同溶液体系及分散剂对碲粉结构及形貌的影响,分析了Cl-在碲晶粒形成过程中的作用。结果表明,在硝酸溶液体系中,水合肼还原制备的碲呈纳米颗粒状,晶粒尺寸约20~50 nm;在Cl-存在的混酸体系中,由于Cl-具有配位作用和缓释剂作用,使碲晶粒长大呈纳米棒状或棱柱型,尺寸长约5~10μm,宽约300~500 nm,高浓度的Cl-能使碲形核点增多,得到晶粒更均匀细小的纳米棒,尺寸长约200~300 nm,宽约10~20 nm;而在Cl-体系中添加分散剂PVP时,碲晶粒形态较单一均匀,呈纳米棒状,晶粒尺寸长约0.5~3μm,直径约20~50 nm。     

固相法制备超细ZrW2O8粉体及其负热膨胀特性的研究

以化学合成的ZrO2和WO3为原料,以固相法制备具有负热膨胀特性的超细立方相ZrW2O8粉体.对其前驱体进行差热分析(DSC),以X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产物结构及形貌进行表征.结果表明:通过化学方法合成出单斜相和四方相混合的纳米级ZrO2粉体,纯单斜相的纳米级WO3粉体,以其为原料能够制备出超细立方相ZrW2O8粉体.同时考察不同研磨时间对其粒径的影响.变温X射线粉末衍射分析表明:所得ZrW2O8粉体具有很好的负热膨胀特性,在20～600℃范围内的平均热膨胀系数为-6.82×10-6K-1.     

磷灰石-硅灰石多孔玻璃陶瓷的制备与晶相结构研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备磷灰石-硅灰石(AW)生物活性玻璃陶瓷纳米前驱体粉末,前驱体粉末经热处理后,采用有机泡沫漫渍成型,烧结制备了多孔AW生物活性玻璃陶瓷.通过差热和热重分析、X射线衍射分析、红外图谱分析、扫描电镜、透射电镜等分析测试方法,对AW前驱体粉末的微观结构,及其在煅烧过程中的晶相转变进行了研究,确定了制备纳米级AW前驱体粉的最佳工艺条件,推测出微晶玻璃体中各晶相的析出温度,确定了溶胶-凝胶法制备多孔AW玻璃陶瓷的煅烧工艺,体外模拟体液浸泡实验表明材料具有较高的矿化功能和生物活性.     

纳米Co_2O_3前躯体的室温固相反应工艺研究

采用室温固相反应合成纳米Co3O4前驱体,用X-射线衍射分析(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)等手段对前驱体的制备工艺进行了研究,就不同工艺对前驱体形貌、尺寸和产率的影响规律进行了探讨。结果表明,采用CoSO4·7H2O和H2C2O4·2H2O为原料制备的前驱体均为单斜相的CoC2O4·2H2O。在压应力作用下,前驱体的形貌主要为不规则多边形,颗粒尺寸在50～500nm范围内变化。而无压应力作用时,前驱体形貌为不规则形状,颗粒尺寸均匀,约为150～200nm。前驱体的产率与工艺参数有较大关系,对反应物分别研磨或反应物混合研磨、施加压力、升高温度和提高H2C2O4·2H2O的量将有利于提高前驱体的产率。     

SnO2共混Fe2O3纳米氧化物的制备及其组织结构研究

用SnCl4和FeCl3为原料,采用化学共沉淀法制备掺杂Fe2O3的纳米SnO2,运用差热(DSC)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和透射显微镜(TEM)等方法对Fe2O3和SnO2混杂纳米粉末的物相和粒径进行了分析。结果发现：与纯SnO2相比,(1)掺杂Fe2O3可以降低前驱体Sn(OH)4分解制备SnO2纳米晶的焙烧温度,从纯Sn(OH)4的分解温度345．7℃下降到341．1℃;(2)掺杂Fe2O3可以有效阻碍SnO2纳米晶的团聚和长大,前驱体在650℃焙烧时,纯SnO2晶粒在25nm,而掺杂Fe2O3的SnO2晶粒可以保持在2nm左右;(3)掺杂Fe2O3使前驱体焙烧制备SnO2的温度范围更宽,对制备小于10nm的SnO2纳米晶,纯SnO2的焙烧温度范围在400～550℃,而掺杂Fe2O3的焙烧温度范围在400～650℃;(4)SnO2／Fe2O3复合粉末在650℃以下,其晶体结构保持溶剂SnO2的四方结构,部分Fe元素置换了Sn的位置;650℃以上,复合粉末从溶剂晶格中析出Fe2O3形成两相结构。     

水相合成CdTe量子点及其性能表征

以NaTeO3为碲源,巯基乙酸(TGA)为稳定剂,合成CdTe量子点。研究Cd2+的浓度、Cd2+-TGA前驱体室温静置时间对CdTe量子点荧光光谱、荧光量子效率的影响,并用X射线粉末衍射仪和透射电子显微镜对其结晶性能、结构以及形貌进行表征。实验表明,所制备的CdTe量子点具有闪锌矿结构和球形形貌。且在Cd2+-TGA前驱体室温静置50min后参与回流,Cd2+浓度为0.00067mol/L时,荧光量子效率最高可达48.4%。     

纳米氧化锆的制备新工艺研究

以ZroCl2·8H2O和H2O2为原料,采用中和沉淀法制备纳米氧化锆,在制备工艺过程中2次(前驱体制备过程和研磨过程)加入分散剂(表面活性剂)来抑制粉体的团聚.探讨了有关因素对制备氧化锆产品的影响,例如前驱体氢氧化锆的煅烧温度对氧化锆晶型的影响,表面活性剂对产品粒径的影响,煅烧时间对ZrO2平均粒径的影响,研磨助剂对ZrO2平均粒径的影响等,研究得到了最佳工艺条件,并在优化实验条件下制备出平均粒径为50nm、粒径分布均匀的球形纳米氧化锆粉末.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.