原发性肝癌患者行超声引导下经皮微波消融术后相关并发症的发生情况

目的探讨超声引导下原发性肝癌(PHC)经皮微波消融术(PMCT)相关严重并发症的原因及防治对策。方法选取2012年1月-2014年12月中国人民解放军空军总医院肝胆外科收治的PHC患者652例,均在超声引导下行PMCT。观察患者PMCT术后相关并发症的发生情况,并比较2012、2013和2014年并发症发生的差异,总结防治对策。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。结果共18例患者出现PMCT相关严重并发症,发生率为2.76%,其中包括腹腔出血10例,肝脓肿2例,肠瘘1例,膈肌破裂2例,急性肾衰竭1例,肿瘤种植转移1例,心脑血管疾病1例;因并发症死亡1例,并发症相关病死率为5.56%(1/18);2012、2013和2014年PMCT相关并发症发生情况差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.78,P=0.003)。结论超声引导下PMCT总体上是安全的,但对于肝肿瘤部位特殊、肝硬化程度重、合并其他系统疾病者风险仍较大,严格掌握手术适应证,加强术前预防性治疗、术中规范性操作、术后严密观察患者病情变化能够显著降低PMCT并发症带来的不良后果。     

超声导引下经皮微波消融治疗邻近危险区域肝癌临床观察

目的探讨经皮微波消融（PMCT）治疗邻近胃肠、胆囊、膈肌、心脏、肾脏等危险区域（即肿瘤距上述脏器最短距离≤0.5 cm）肝癌的有效性和安全性,寻找合适的治疗条件,从而实现对肝脏肿瘤完全凝固坏死而邻近重要器官无明显热损伤。方法选择邻近胃肠（4例）、胆囊（10例）、膈肌（24例）、心脏（4例）、肾脏（3例）等危险区域肝癌患者45例均行PMCT治疗。术前术后均行B超,增强CT扫描,检测甲胎蛋白（AFP）,判断疗效。同时常规查肝肾功能。观察不良反应及并发症的发生率,血清AFP变化,肿瘤缓解率。结果⑴PMCT后8周增强CT提示肿瘤完全坏死38例,坏死率84.44%;4周复查AFP,35例AFP术前阳性患者中23例转为阴性（65.71%）,与文献报道非危险区域肝癌微波消融治疗的疗效无差异。⑵1例邻近膈顶肝癌患者PMCT治疗后出现血胸,经止血对症治疗7 d后出血吸收出院;1例出现针尖断开滞留于消融中心区域,无症状,随访一年针尖位置无变化。其余患者均未出现与操作相关并发症。结论采取适当措施下对于邻近危险区域肝癌进行PMCT治疗,其疗效与非危险区域PMCT疗效接近,同时可以避免出现与操作相关的并发症。     

超声引导经皮射频消融对邻近横膈部原发性肝癌治疗的有效性与安全性评价

目的探讨超声引导下经皮射频消融治疗邻近横膈部原发性肝癌的安全性及有效性。方法收集2011年1月至2014年10月解放军三○二医院行超声引导经皮射频消融治疗的患者277例,共计362个原发性肝癌病灶,根据入组标准选择其中66例(共71个邻近横膈部病灶)作为研究组,95例(共114个位于肝实质病灶)作为对照组。比较两组患者病灶治疗术后肿瘤灭活率、局部肿瘤进展发生率和并发症发生情况。计量资料两组间比较采用独立样本t检验,计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验。结果术后1个月,增强CT或磁共振成像显示研究组65个病灶(91.5%)及对照组107个病灶(93.9%)完全灭活,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.36,P=0.55);随访术后研究组与对照组发生局部肿瘤进展的病灶分别为16.9%、13.2%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.49,P=0.48)。研究组术后有22例患者出现副反应,对照组有37例患者出现副反应,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.60,P=0.11)。结论超声引导经皮射频消融治疗膈顶部肝肿瘤是安全、有效的。     

老年肝癌患者射频消融术后病灶残留的影响因素分析

目的 分析老年肝癌患者射频消融术后病灶残留的影响因素。 方法 以2014年1月至2016年12月在我院进行射频消融术治疗的65例老年肝癌患者为研究对象,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析,采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析射频消融术后病灶残留的影响因素。 结果 65例老年肝癌患者的102个病灶首次完全消融87个,首次病灶完全消融率为85.3%(87/102),56例患者的病灶首次完全消融,首次病例完全消融率为86.2%(56/65),9例患者的15个病灶为不完全消融。单因素分析结果显示,性别( χ ²＝0.740, P＝0.390)、是否合并肝硬化( χ ²＝0.745, P＝0.388)、是否合并乙型肝炎( χ ²＝0.057, P＝0.812)及肝癌类型( χ ²＝0.171, P＝0.680)对射频消融术后病灶残留的影响无统计学意义,而病灶数目( χ ²＝6.694, P＝0.010)、病灶大小( χ ²＝14.382, P＝0.000)及肝功能分级( χ ²＝5.359, P＝0.030)对射频消融术后病灶残留的影响有统计学意义;进一步行多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,病灶数目≥3个( OR＝1.916,95% CI：1.326～2.571, P＝0.029)、病灶大小≥3 cm( OR＝2.362,95% CI：2.180～2.923, P＝0.000)是射频消融术后病灶残留的危险因素。 结论 射频消融术对老年肝癌患者总体治疗效果较好,病灶数目和病灶大小对射频消融术后病灶残留有一定程度的影响。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术后行经皮射频消融术治疗高危部位原发性肝癌的效果和安全性分析

目的探讨在肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)基础上行经皮射频消融术(RFA)治疗高危部位肝癌病灶的临床疗效及安全性。方法收集2011年1月-2015年12月首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院收治的高危部位原发性肝癌患者64例。所有患者首先行TACE治疗,术后3~5 d行RFA治疗。RFA治疗均在CT引导下完成。主要观察治疗效果及不良反应发生情况。结果 64例患者中共包含76个病灶,均完成TACE及RFA治疗。术后1个月肿瘤完全消融率为81.5%(62/76)。术后随访6~64个月,至随访结束,肿瘤局部进展率为28.9%(22/76);1、2、3年生存率分别为90.6%、78.1%、64.1%。随访期间手术严重并发症发生率为3.1%(1例出现肝脓肿、1例出现胆道出血),分别在内科治疗和介入治疗后缓解且无后遗症。结论在TACE基础上行CT引导下经皮RFA治疗高危部位原发性肝癌是一种安全可行的治疗方案。     

CT引导下射频消融术治疗肝癌效果观察

目的观察CT引导下射频消融术（RFA）治疗肝癌的效果。方法对27例肝癌患者共33个肿瘤病灶行CT引导下RFA治疗,治疗前后均行AFP、CEA及CT、MRI等瘤灶检查,并定期随访。结果本组手术顺利,术后血压较低3例、出现胆瘘1例,对症处理后好转。术后均随访4～18个月,复查CT或MRI示,肿瘤灶完全损毁21个（均为原发性肝癌）,肿瘤直径均〈4cm;瘤灶部分损毁8个（其中原发性肝癌5个,转移性肝癌3个）,肿瘤直径4—6cIn;瘤灶局部复发4个（其中原发性肝癌1个,转移性肝癌3个）,肿瘤直径6～8．5cm。AFP由术前的平均1646ng／ml降至术后的254ng／ml,CEA由术前的平均6．62ng／ml降至术后的2．31ng／ml,P均〈0．05。患者ALT、AST均有不同程度升高,给予保肝治疗,1个月时基本恢复到术前水平。结论CT引导下RFA治疗原发性及转移性肝癌安全、有效。     

超声引导经皮肝穿刺射频消融术治疗老年膈肌顶部原发性小肝癌77例

目的 观察超声引导经皮肝穿刺射频消融(RFA)术治疗老年膈顶部原发性小肝癌(直径≤3 cm)的治疗效果,并分析其安全性.方法 146例膈顶部原发性小肝癌老年患者,分为观察组77例、对照组69例,观察组在超声引导下行RFA,对照组行手术切除肿瘤.观察并记录两组手术时间、围手术期并发症发生情况及住院天数,分别于术前、术后第...     

经皮射频消融术治疗原发性单发小肝癌效果观察

目的探讨CT引导下经皮射频消融(RFA)治疗原发性单发小肝癌的临床疗效。方法收集我院2009年4月～2012年1月肿块直径≤3 cm单发小肝癌在CT引导下行RFA治疗31例,术后定期随访,做出疗效评价。结果 31个病灶消融术后1个月复查,完全消融25个(80.6%),不完全消融6个(19.4%),随访中病灶稳定17个(54.8%),病灶进展14个(45.2%),重复RFA后获得较为满意的治疗效果。患者均未出现严重不良反应及并发症。结论 RFA治疗原发性单发小肝癌疗效确切、安全性高、并发症低,近期生存率高。     

快速性心律失常患者行经导管射频消融术后并发症影响

目的:观察经导管射频消融术治疗快速性心律失常对并发症的影响.方法:本次研究于2019年1月-2019年12月在本院进行,选取68例快速性心律失常患者为对象,前半年患者(对照组)服用常规药物治疗,后半年患者(观察组)行经导管射频消融术治疗,比较两组患者并发症出现情况.结果:观察组患者并发症例数为2例,对照组为8例,组间数...     

Intraoperative microwave coagulation therapy for large hepatic tumors

We report new surgical techniques for intraopera-tive microwave coagulation therapy (IMCT), conducted in three patients with large liver neoplasms with poor liver function or difficult tumor location. Anterolateral thoracotomy was performed for tumors in the right lobe to obtain a good operative field. Four electrode needles were inserted for microwave irradiation, with settings of 60 W, 45 s for coagulation and 1 s for dissociation. Clamping of the hepatoduodenal ligament was performed during IMCT. We began the coagulation at the bottom of the tumor, irradiating the tumor and the surrounding parenchyma to create regional necrosis with a safe margin. With these methods, we treated two women diagnosed with large hepatocellular carcinoma with liver cirrhosis and a man with liver metastasis from rectal cancer. The postoperative course of these patients was uneventful. A marked low-density area was seen in the region of therapy and no enhanced findings were observed on enhanced computed tomography postoperatively. However, in one patient, transcatheter embolization (TAE) was performed 1 month postoperatively because recurrence was noted on the bottom of the tumor. Thus, IMCT destroys the peripheral part of the tumor that may remain viable after TAE, but combination therapy with TAE is preferable, especially when a viable part exists within tumors. IMCT is an active, safe, and nontoxic therapeutic modality for large hepatic tumors, and is particularly applicable in patients with large hepatocellular carcinomas and poor liver function.     

肝癌射频消融治疗规范的专家共识

以射频消融为代表局部消融治疗是借助影像技术的引导对肿瘤靶向定位,用物理或化学的方法杀死肿瘤组织;影像引导技术包括超声、CT和MRI;治疗途径有经皮、经腹腔镜手术和经开腹手术三种。     

热消融治疗肝癌术后严重并发症的预防及处理

影像引导的局部热消融技术在肝癌治疗中扮演着日益重要的角色,作为一种临床治疗手段其安全性值得关注。热消融治疗肝癌的严重并发症包括出血、胆系并发症、胃肠穿孔、感染、胸膈并发症等,任何一种严重并发症的出现都将对治疗后临床生存质量产生明显的影响,甚至导致死亡。因此,充分认知严重并发症发生的原因,掌握相应的预防措施以及合理的处理方法对减少严重并发症的发生至关重要。     

经皮B超引导下微波消融术治疗肝脏巨大血管瘤的可行性、安全性及疗效分析

目的评估微波消融治疗肝脏巨大血管瘤(直径≥10 cm)的可行性、安全性和有效性。方法 2013年12月到2016年6月间,12例肝脏巨大血管瘤(≥10 cm)患者共13个肿瘤接受超声引导下经皮穿刺微波消融治疗。观察治疗相关并发症。所有患者均在术后1个月通过磁共振或增强计算机成像(CT)随访,评估消融治疗效果。结果 12例患者中男性4例,女性8例,平均年龄(41±10)岁。除1例同时存在2枚直径≥10 cm的肝血管瘤,其他患者均只有1枚直径≥10cm。肿瘤最大直径平均(11.7±1.6)cm。13枚巨大血管瘤初始共接受17次微波消融治疗(4例采取有计划2次消融),单枚血管瘤的消融平均时间(39.0±14.4)min。术后2例患者出现急性非少尿型肾功能不全,无腹腔内出血、肝功能衰竭等并发症发生。平均随访时间20.7个月,9例患者10个巨大血管瘤完全坏死,体积显著缩小,一次性完全消融10/13枚。1例术后残留者因生长速度较快,于术后第5个月实施二次微波消融,复查完全坏死,故总体完全消融11/13枚。另外2例因残留体积较小而定期复查,未予任何有创治疗。结论影像引导下微波消融肝脏巨大血管瘤安全、可行,且操作简单、快捷、恢复迅速、损伤轻微,无远期并发症,因而有潜力成为肝脏巨大血管瘤的一线治疗方式。     

Comparison of therapeutic effects between radiofrequency ablation and percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy for small hepatocellular carcinomas

Background:  Although thermal ablation therapies have gained fairly wide acceptance as an effective treatment for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), there have been only a few clinical studies comparing the response to radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT). We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy and safety of these two procedures for the treatment of small HCC measuring ≤ 2 cm in diameter.
Methods:  Thirty-four patients who had 37 nodules were treated by RFA and were compared with 49 patients (56 nodules) who underwent PMCT. Treatment was repeated until complete tumor necrosis was confirmed by contrast computed tomography (CT) scanning. The therapeutic efficacy and complications were retrospectively compared between the two procedures.
Results:  (i) There were significantly fewer treatment sessions ( P  < 0.001) in the RFA group than in the PMCT group, but the necrotic area was significantly larger ( P  < 0.001) in the former group. (ii) The local recurrence rate was significantly lower ( P  = 0.031) after RFA than after PMCT, although the ectopic recurrence rate showed no significant difference. (iii) The cumulative survival rate was significantly higher ( P  = 0.018) after RFA than after PMCT. (iv) The incidence of pain and fever after treatment was significantly higher in the PMCT group. Bile duct injury, pleural effusion, and ascites were also significantly more common in the PMCT group.
Conclusions:  RFA is more useful than PMCT for the treatment of small HCC because it is minimally invasive and achieves a low local recurrence rate, high survival rate, and extensive necrosis after only a few treatment sessions.     

Major complications of ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablations for liver malignancies: Single center experience

Background and Aim:  Despite radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for malignant liver nodular lesions having promising therapeutic effects, the trade-off between the risks and benefits must be acceptable. This study analyzed the major complications of ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous RFA procedures encountered at a single center, by a single physician.
Methods:  A total of 104 patients (total 183 tumors) underwent 172 US-guided percutaneous RFA sessions between May 2003 and March 2006. The definition of major complications was according to the standardized Society of Interventional Radiology grading system (classification C-E).
Results:  Eighty-six patients had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 18 patients had hepatic metastatic tumors. Nine major complications occurred from 172 RFA sessions (9/172, incidence of 5.2% per session); namely, two cases of transient liver function impairment, two cases of infection (liver abscess and septicemia), two cases of tumor seeding along the ablated track, one case of colon perforation, one case of acalculous cholecystitis and, lastly, a case of hemocholecyst. We further analyzed the possible risk factors precipitating these complications, and found that only tumor size (Pearson's correlation coefficient, 0.324; P  < 0.05) and baseline liver function reserve (compensated 0%, 0/148 vs decompensated 8.3%, 2/24; P  = 0.019) were significant factors for the complication of transient liver function impairment.
Conclusion:  Radiofrequency ablation for liver malignancy is a safe procedure with acceptable incidence of complications. Decompensated baseline liver function reserve and large tumor size are precipitating factors for transient liver function impairment after RFA and warrant a close follow up.     

原发性肝癌微波消融术后早期复发危险因素分析

目的探讨原发性肝癌患者微波消融术后早期复发的相关危险因素,为预测和预防肝癌微波消融术后复发提供依据。方法回顾性分析2010-2012年在首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院行微波消融术治疗的80例原发性肝癌患者的临床资料,选择可能对早期复发有影响的因素,采用Logistic法进行单因素分析,筛选肝癌消融术后早期肝内复发的危险因素,鉴别高危人群,以指导术后抗复发治疗。结果所有入组患者,共有30例在术后6个月时出现复发,复发率为37.5%。单因素分析显示,患者年龄、性别、病灶位置、肿瘤大小、肝癌家族史、饮酒史、肝癌手术切除史、术前甲胎蛋白水平、肝功能Child-Pugh分级、MELD评分、肝癌相关病因等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);肿瘤数目(≥2个)差异有统计学意义(P=0.008)。结论肿瘤数目是肝癌消融术后早期复发的独立危险因素。可以通过研究肝癌消融术后早期复发的危险因素来预见高危人群,采取针对性的防治措施,以期对于肿瘤复发达到早发现、早治疗。