镀银铜材料在大电流条件下的载流微动磨损特性

利用化学电镀方法在T2紫铜管表面镀银制备镀银铜试样,采用自主研制的切向微动磨损试验设备在圆柱/圆柱的正交点接触模式下进行室温载流切向微动磨损试验,探究了镀银铜试样在5 A电流以及不同法向载荷(5,10,15 N)和位移幅值(30,50,70,100μm)下的载流微动磨损行为及其磨损机制。结果表明：随着位移幅值的增加,镀银铜试样的载流微动磨损程度加剧,随着循环次数的增加,不同位移幅值下的摩擦因数整体呈先减小后增大最后趋于稳定的趋势,而接触电阻呈相反趋势,不同位移幅值下稳定阶段的摩擦因数相差不大;随着载荷的增加,载流微动磨损程度先变大后变小,当载荷为10 N时,磨损程度最大,此时有效接触面积较大,接触电阻较低;随着载荷的增加,稳定阶段的摩擦因数增大。镀银铜试样在磨损初期的磨损机制主要黏着磨损和氧化磨损,在磨损后期主要为磨粒磨损、氧化磨损和剥层,且随着循环次数的增加,氧化磨损程度加剧。     

不同载荷下水润滑高分子材料磨损机制的试验研究

为了研究载荷对新型水润滑高分子轴承材料磨损机制的影响,在CFT-1型摩擦磨损试验机上对该材料进行不同载荷下的无/有水润滑摩擦磨损试验,通过考察试样的摩擦因数、磨痕和磨损表面形貌,分析该材料的磨损机制。结果表明:在无水润滑条件下,该材料的摩擦因数随着载荷的增加呈现先降低后逐渐上升的变化趋势,磨损表面均出现塑性变形和撕裂脱落现象,磨损机制主要为黏着磨损,其中随着载荷的增大表面塑性变形趋于严重,而表面撕裂脱落在中等载荷下较为轻微,在低载荷和高载荷下较为严重;在水润滑条件下,该材料的摩擦因数随着载荷的增加也呈现出先下降低后急剧上升的趋势,磨损表面未发生塑性变形和撕裂脱落,但出现脱落的磨粒和犁沟,磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损,其中在中等载荷下,表面脱落的磨粒少、犁沟细小而浅,在低载荷和高载荷下表面脱落的磨粒多、犁沟深。     

稀土化合物改性复合材料在油润滑下的摩擦学性能

以竹纤维为增强相,通过稀土化合物改性制备一种树脂基复合材料;采用环块式摩擦磨损实验,研究稀土化合物改性复合材料在油润滑状态下载荷、转速对试样摩擦学性能的影响,以及稀土化合物改性对复合材料试样摩擦学性能的影响;比较干摩擦状态和油润滑状态下复合材料的摩擦学性能,观察和分析试样磨损表面形貌,探讨其磨损机制。实验结果表明:油润滑条件下,稀土化合物改性复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率都随着载荷的增大而增加;较高载荷下摩擦因数随着转速的增大先增加后减小,而磨损率则呈现逐步增加的趋势;稀土化合物的改性使竹纤维和基体界面结合更为紧密,提高摩擦因数的同时降低了磨损率;在油润滑作用下,试样磨损由干摩擦时的磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损转变成为轻微的疲劳磨损;在油润滑状态下,复合材料处于边界润滑状态,故摩擦因数和磨损率均低于干摩擦。     

2.25Cr1Mo传热管切向微动磨损性能研究

钠冷快堆换热器中的冷却剂与构件之间的流致振动会导致传热管发生微动磨损。以钠冷快堆换热器传热管候选材料2.25Cr1Mo钢为研究对象，研究其在不同法向载荷(10、20、30 N)下的切向微动磨损行为和损伤演变规律；采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)及EDS对磨痕的形貌及摩擦化学反应进行分析；通过白光干涉仪获得传热管的磨损量。结果表明：随着法向载荷的增加，2.25Cr1Mo钢的微动模式由完全滑移转变为部分滑移，摩擦因数、磨损体积随着法向载荷的增加先增加后减小；当载荷为10～20 N时，2.25Cr1Mo钢的主要磨损机制为磨粒磨损、分层剥落以及氧化磨损，当载荷为30 N时，主要磨损机制为黏着磨损、塑性变形和氧化磨损。     

25CrNi2MoV钢的微动磨损性能

采用微动摩擦磨损试验机在干摩擦条件下对新型高速重载传动轴用25CrNi2MoV钢进行微动磨损试验,研究了不同载荷(50~200N)和频率(15~30Hz)下该钢的微动磨损性能。结果表明:在频率为20Hz条件下,当载荷由50N增至200N时,25CrNi2MoV钢的平均摩擦因数由0.766减至0.661,磨损体积由19.65×10^-3 mm^3增至75.83×10^-3 mm^3;在载荷为30N条件下,当频率由15Hz增至30Hz时,平均摩擦因数由0.790增至0.905,磨损体积由11.43×10^-3 mm^3增至23.88×10^-3 mm^3;在不同试验参数下,25CrNi2MoV钢磨损表面均出现了氧化和犁沟现象,磨损机制包含氧化磨损和磨粒磨损;在频率为20Hz条件下,载荷为50,100N时,25CrNi2MoV钢的磨损机制以黏着磨损为主,载荷为150,200N时,主要磨损机制为疲劳磨损;在载荷为30N条件下,频率为15~25Hz时,磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,当频率增至30Hz时,磨损机制以疲劳磨损为主。     

载流条件下黄铜/Al_2O_3/Cu复合材料摩擦副的摩擦磨损性能

采用内氧化法制备了Al2O3/Cu复合材料,以该复合材料为销试样,黄铜(H62)为盘试样进行载流条件下的干滑动摩擦磨损试验,并对销试样摩擦表面进行微观形貌分析.结果表明:磨损率随着电流、速度和载荷的增大而增加,摩擦因数随着电流的增大而增加,随着速度和载荷的增大而减小;电流较小时摩擦表面具有磨粒磨损和粘着磨损的共同特征,电流较大时以粘着磨损为主;在试验条件下,Al2O3/Cu复合材料的抗摩擦磨损性能显著优越于紫铜.     

一种新型摩擦材料在水润滑下的摩擦学性能研究

采用环块式摩擦磨损实验研究了一种新型摩擦材料在水润滑状态下不同载荷与转速对试样摩擦学性能的影响,并对比干摩擦条件下的摩擦学性能变化,借助磨损表面形貌观察分析其磨损机理。实验结果表明:水润滑条件下,摩擦系数随着载荷的增大而减小,随着转速的提高先增加后减小;磨损率随着载荷与转速的提高都减小。相同载荷与转速下,干摩擦时磨损机理以磨粒磨损和黏着磨损为主,而水润滑条件下水形成边界润滑,磨损机理以磨粒磨损和轻微的黏着磨损为主;水润滑条件下摩擦系数和磨损率均低于干摩擦,主要是由于水起到了润滑和冷却的作用,阻止了转移膜的形成,并在材料表面形成水膜起到了边界润滑的作用。     

WC-10Co-MoS2@Ni自润滑硬质合金与钛合金的摩擦学性能研究

为探究WC-10Co-MoS2@Ni自润滑硬质合金与TC4钛合金的摩擦学性能，通过热压烧结制备不同含量MoS2@Ni的硬质合金试样，采用扫描电子显微镜、三维轮廓仪、维氏硬度计等分析自润滑硬质合金的组织结构和力学性能，利用往复式摩擦试验机研究干摩擦、切削液环境和深冷环境下硬质合金与钛合金的摩擦学性能。结果表明：随着硬质合金中MoS2@Ni含量的增加，表面孔隙减少，力学性能缓慢下降；在干摩擦、切削液环境和深冷环境下，摩擦因数均随MoS2@Ni含量的增加而降低；钛合金和硬质合金在干摩擦时由于钛合金的黏附，阻碍了MoS2发挥润滑作用，磨损形式以黏着和氧化为主；在切削液环境中磨损形式以磨粒磨损和黏着磨损为主，而在深冷环境下减少了氧化和黏着，其磨损形式主要为磨粒磨损，并伴有分层磨损现象。     

SLM成形表面织构对TC4钛合金干摩擦磨损性能的影响

基于一步法思路,采用金属3D打印机基于激光选区熔化（SLM）技术制备表面带有凹坑织构的TC4钛合金试样,采用光学相机、超景深显微镜和扫描电镜观察织构成形情况,利用激光共聚焦位移测试仪和显微维氏硬度计分别测试表面粗糙度和表面硬度,在干摩擦条件下采用摩擦磨损试验仪考察不同载荷下织构密度对TC4钛合金试样摩擦学性能的影响,并使用扫描电镜对摩擦实验前后的表面形貌进行分析。研究结果表明：一步法SLM成形能够在TC4钛合金表面获得成形良好的直径500 μm的织构;随着织构密度的提高,钛合金试样表面粗糙度增大,表面硬度有所降低;干摩擦条件下,提高TC4钛合金试样织构密度有利于磨屑的收集从而减少试样的三体磨损,提高载荷有利于改善摩擦副接触状态;5 N载荷下40%织构密度试样的平均摩擦因数和磨痕宽度均最小,与无织构试样相比,平均摩擦因数和磨痕宽度分别降低12%和16%;40%织构密度下,载荷提高会引起摩擦因数的降低和磨损量增大,磨损表面犁沟和片状剥落增多。在干摩擦条件下,3D打印一步法制备的表面织构可以显著改善TC4钛合金的磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。     

PCrNiMo材料摩擦磨损特性研究

采用自制的销盘式干滑动摩擦磨损试验机，研究了不同硬度炮钢材料PCrNiMo自配副时的摩擦磨损特性。研究结果表明：材料的磨损率随着速度、载荷的增加而增大，摩擦因数随着速度、载荷的增加而减小；低速低载条件下，接触表面以磨粒磨损为主，而在高速、高载条件下，接触表面以粘着磨损形式为主。     

载荷对激光选区烧结Cf/SiC复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

通过激光选区烧结技术和液相渗硅工艺制备了碳纤维增强碳化硅（Cf/SiC）复合材料。试样组织由C、SiC和Si三相组成,其密度和弯曲强度分别为2.89±0.01 g/cm3和237±9.8 MPa。采用UMT TriboLab多功能摩擦磨损试验机研究了Cf/SiC复合材料在不同载荷(10 N, 30 N, 50 N和70 N)条件下的摩擦学特性。研究结果表明：载荷较小(10 N)时,Cf/SiC复合材料的磨损由微凸起和SiC硬质点造成,磨损机制为磨粒磨损;载荷为30 N时,复合材料的摩擦磨损综合性能最好,其平均摩擦因数为0.564,磨损率低(5.24×10-7 cm3/（N·m）),主要磨损机制为犁削形成的磨粒磨损和黏结磨损。载荷增大到70N时,材料磨损严重,磨粒脱落形成凹坑,产生裂纹,其磨损率(8.68×10-7 cm3/（N·m）)高,磨损机制主要为脆性剥落。     

Two-body abrasive wear property of cementite

The abrasive wear property of single-phase cementite and cementite–iron composite, processed by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering, were investigated using a pin-abrasion test on fixed alumina abrasive grains. Single-phase cementite and cementite–iron composite had good wear resistances at applied pressures lower than 0.15 MPa. However, at applied pressures higher than 0.31 MPa, steels having a cementite volume fraction higher than 75% were intensely worn. In the former case, the wear mode of bulk cementite was ductile, and flow-type chips were observed on the worn surface. In the latter case, the wear mode was brittle, and brittle fracture chips were observed on the worn surface.     

HEPJet高铝青铜涂层滑动干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能

主要研究了超音速等离子喷涂（HEPJet）高铝青铜（Cu-14Al-X）涂层滑动干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能.在45钢表面采用HEPJet技术制备Cu-14Al-X涂层,在MMW-1万能摩擦磨损试验机上进行滑动干摩擦试验.涂层的硬度和磨损表面形貌分别用显微硬度计、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）测定.     

Structure and wear resistance of electron-beam nitrous coatings

The paper deals with the study of the tribological properties of nitrogen-containing austenite coatings deposited by electron-beam facing during abrasive wear and the sliding friction of a VK6 hard alloy indentor. The abrasive wear resistance of the nitrous coatings deposited by the electron-beam facing of steel 60Kh24AG16 powder in quartz sand is lower than that of the steel 65G coatings after hardening; it increases with increasing mass share of the filler. At contents of nitrided ferrovanadium of 10?C30 wt % the abrasive wear rate increases by 30?C50%, respectively. It is found that under a certain load applied to the VK6 ball indentor the friction coefficient and the shear resistance of the surface layer diminish. It is shown that under heavy specific loads applied to the ball indentor the nitrous coating faced from steel 60Kh24AG16 powder and composite nitrous coatings have wear resistance exceeding that of steels 110G13 and Kh18N10 by more than two and seven times, respectively. Based on the results of structural studies an explanation of the observed behavior of the nitrous coatings is proposed.     

干摩擦条件下3Y-TZP/(Mg,Y)-PSZ陶瓷摩擦副的磨损性能的研究

采用销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机在干摩擦条件下对3Y—TZW(Mg，Y)-PSZ陶瓷摩擦副的磨损性能进行了试验研究。结果表明，3Y-TZP陶瓷的磨损率随着载荷的增加而增大。在低载低速下3Y—TZP陶瓷的主要磨损机制为塑性变形；随着载荷与滑动速度的增加，磨损主要由塑性变形和微断裂造成；在高载高速时，由于对摩偶件(Mg，Y)-PSZ表面的断裂、脱落，形成的磨屑产生磨料磨损对摩擦副表面造成进一步损伤，脆性断裂和磨粒磨损机制是其主要的失效方式。     

Stick–Slip Friction of Stainless Steel in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Aqueous Solution in the Boundary Lubrication Regime

The service life of a diesel fuel injector is highly affected by the tribological properties of the fuel. This study aims to investigate the friction and wear behaviors of emulsified bio-oil (EBO), which is a very promising alternative fuel for engines. Sliding wear tests were performed with a ball-on-disk tribometer using a GCr15 steel ball and a flat specimen as a counterpart. In these tests, the total sliding distance was 500 m, the load ranged from 10 to 20 N, and the oscillation frequency ranged from 30 to 50 Hz. Experimental results showed that EBO had better tribological properties than diesel oil and crude bio-oil. Contact load and oscillation frequency significantly influenced friction coefficient, wear volume, and wear damage pattern. The friction coefficient decreased with an increase in load and increased with an increase in oscillation frequency. Furthermore, the wear volume slightly increased with an increase in load or oscillation frequency. The damage mechanism is attributed to adhesive wear under low load and to abrasive wear under high load. The transition in the wear mechanism is related to the adsorption of the molecules in the EBO, the microstructural contact surface, and the mechanical actions.     

M35与GCr15干摩擦磨损性能的研究

在HT-1000型高温摩擦磨损试验机上,对M35高速钢进行干滑动摩擦磨损试验,利用SEM(扫描电镜)观察并分析摩擦面磨损形貌及磨损机理。结果表明,M35高速钢在与GCr15滚动轴承合金钢配副干摩擦条件下,随着速度的增加,摩擦因数先降低后升高,然后再降低。当摩擦热累积达到一定值后,摩擦表面产生严重塑性变形和化学变化,摩擦副表面产生氧化磨损、粘着磨损、磨粒磨损和犁沟磨损,形成转移润滑膜,此时摩擦因数较低,磨损率也相对较低。     

Tribo-investigation on PTFE lubricated PEEK in harsh operating conditions

A series of blends with Polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) powder and Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) was developed by varying the PTFE contents in steps of 5 wt.% from 0 to 20 wt.%. The composites were evaluated for their friction and wear properties at room temperature as well as high temperature in low amplitude oscillating wear (LAOW) mode against steel (100 Cr 6) ball against polymer plate. The same blends were also evaluated in abrasive wear mode to study the influence of harsh operating conditions on wear and friction performance. Incorporation of PTFE benefited PEEK in various ways such as it increased the tribo-utility of the latter by increasing its limiting load value, removing its stick-slip tendency, lowering coefficient of friction and specific wear rate significantly. With increase in PTFE content, benefits to the wear performance increased regularly. This was not the case for friction coefficient. Lowest μ was recorded for 15% PTFE contents. The enhancement in wear and friction performance, however, was at the cost of strength properties which decreased substantially with increase in PTFE content. At 100 °C, friction coefficient and wear rates of all blends increased marginally. In abrasive wear mode, on the other hand, PTFE filled PEEK showed poorer wear resistance than neat PEEK. This was correlated with strength properties and it was observed that these blends closely followed the predictions of Ratner–Lancaster plot. SEM was used to examine the micro-structural features of worn surfaces.