血清TSH浓度与结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌关系的研究

目的探讨术前血清促甲状腺素(TSH)浓度与结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌的相关性。方法回顾性分析632例结节性甲状腺肿患者的TSH浓度与合并甲状腺癌间的关系。根据TSH值不同,将患者分成5组进行统计分析。结果结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌患者血清TSH浓度为(2.10±1.38)mU/L,较未合并者的(1.51±0.98)mU/L高(P<0.000 1);随着血清TSH浓度的升高,合并甲状腺癌比率升高(P=0.023 5),TSH0.3～0.9 mU/L组为9.91%、0.9～1.7 mU/L组为12.37%、1.7～4.8 mU/L组为20.09%、>4.8 mU/L组为27.27%。肿瘤直径<2 cm组、2～4 cm组和>4 cm组比较,直径较大的TSH浓度更高(P=0.018 6)。TNM分期T3～T4期患者TSH浓度高于T1～T2期患者(P=0.030 6)。结论术前血清TSH浓度可能是预测结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌风险的一个指标。     

血清促甲状腺激素水平与分化型甲状腺癌致病风险关系研究

目的 探讨甲状腺结节患者术前血清促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平与分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）的关系.方法 回顾性分析2004 年1 月至2010 年12 月我科收治的6170 例符合条件的各类甲状腺手术治疗患者临床资料,检测患者术前血清TSH 水平并与术后病理组织结果 进行对照分析.结果 6170 例手术患者中389 例术后病理证实为DTC（6.3%）.5781 例良性组甲状腺结节患者血清TSH 浓度为（1.1 ± 0.5）mU/L,389 例恶性组患者为（2.8 ± 0.3）mU/L,两组间比较差异有统计学意义（P 〈 0.01）.高于TSH 参考值范围与低于此范围的患者中患DTC 的比例分别为9.1%、4.9%,二者差异有统计学意义（P 〈 0.001）.并随血清中TSH 水平的增高,患甲状腺癌的机会增加.DTC 患者中颈淋巴结转移组患者平均TSH 水平高于无转移组（P 〈 0.05）.结论 随着血清中TSH 水平的增高,甲状腺结节患者患DTC 的概率增加,血清TSH 水平与DTC 颈淋巴结转移相关.     

结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌25例

目的：探讨结节性甲状腺肿中甲状腺癌的临床特征和预后。方法：回顾性分析手术治疗结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌２５例临床资料。结果：２５例结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌,男６例,女１９例,年龄１２～６５（３６．８±１３．１）岁,占同期手术治疗３９５５例结节性甲状腺肿的０．６３％。术前、术中诊断甲状腺癌的占３２％,６８％为术后病理检查发现。甲状腺微小癌占４８％。结论：结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌预后较好。不能简单地认为结节性甲状腺肿是良性病变而忽略对其的处理,也不应过分强调甲状腺癌在治疗结节性甲状腺肿中的地位随意放宽手术指征,或扩大手术。     

超声下甲状腺结节内微钙化对良恶性的鉴别及其与甲状腺乳头状癌临床病理特征的关系

目的：探讨甲状腺结节内微钙化对鉴别甲状腺良恶性结节的意义及其与甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC）临床病理特征的关系。 方法：回顾2011年5月—2013年11月期间中南大学湘雅医院手术治疗的743例甲状腺结节患者,分析患者的一般资料、术前彩色超声以及术后病理结果。 结果：743例甲状腺结节中恶性结节137例（18.44%）;甲状腺结节伴微钙化168例,其中恶性结节81例（48.2%）;甲状腺结节伴微钙化者恶性结节的发生率明显高于不伴微钙化者（P<0.05）。微钙化患者中,微钙化密集分布、以实性为主的结节、结节内血流丰富以及伴有淋巴结钙化者甲状腺癌发生率增高（均P<0.05）。PTC伴微钙化的癌结节直径大、甲状腺包膜受侵及颈部淋巴结转移的比例增高（均P<0.05）。 结论：超声下微钙化对甲状腺结节良恶性的鉴别诊断具有重要的临床意义,结合其他超声特征更有助于进一步提高甲状腺癌诊断的准确性。PTC合并微钙化与不良临床病理特征有关。     

甲状腺良恶性疾病并存80例分析

目的:分析甲状腺良恶性疾病并存的发生率、病理类型、诊治方法,提高认识.方法:对80例甲状腺良恶性疾病并存的病例进行一般资料、辅助检查、病理切片、治疗方式、预后等方面回顾总结.结果:良恶性疾病并存者占同期甲状腺癌的51.3%,其中乳头状癌占96.3%,结节性甲状腺肿伴癌灶者占87.5%.结论:本病大多为结节性甲状腺肿和乳头状癌并存,对于甲状腺多发结节应想到恶性可能,可疑结节应行术中冰冻病理切片.     

结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌的诊断与治疗

目的探讨结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌的临床特点和诊治原则。方法回顾性分析2005年1月—2007年12月期间收治的40例结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌患者的临床病例资料。结果结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌中结节钙化的发生率(42.5%)明显高于单纯结节性甲状腺肿(16.7%)(P0.05);甲状腺单个结节癌变发生率(20.8%)显著高于一侧多个结节者(4.66%)(P0.01)。仅4例术前诊断为结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌。40例患者均行手术治疗,术中常规快速冷冻病理检查,并根据病理检查结果采取不同的手术方式,包括一侧全切4例,一侧全切一侧次全切除27例,双侧次全切1例,双侧全切8例。40例患者中行一侧颈部淋巴结清扫术11例。术后未发生明显声嘶,3例术后出现抽搐或手足麻木。孤立性结节的癌变率显著高于多发性结节(P0.05)。结论对单侧孤立结节或有钙化的甲状腺结节,应高度警惕结节恶变可能,需积极手术治疗;对结节性甲状腺肿术中必须行快速冷冻切片病理检查,以明确诊断。结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌需按甲状腺癌的处理原则进行。     

结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌的超声诊断

结节性甲状腺肿是普通外科常见的疾病之一．术前甲状腺结节良恶性的判定是亟待解决的课题．现将本院5年多113例结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌的声像图表现及诊断结果总结如下．并探讨超声对结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌的诊断价值。     

超声检查联合TSH和Tg评估甲状腺结节良恶性的价值

探讨超声检查联合血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)、甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)判断甲状腺结节良恶性的临床价值。选取2020年6月—2021年12月经病理学检查确诊的甲状腺恶性结节患者94例(恶性组)和同期经病理学检查证实为甲状腺良性结节的患者100例(良性组),通过甲状腺超声检查、血清TSH、Tg水平,对比两组患者超声特征参数、Adler血流分级、TSH和Tg水平,采用受试者工作曲线(ROC)分析超声及血清TSH/Tg鉴别诊断甲状腺良恶性结节的临床价值。结果显示,恶性组的甲状腺结节不规则形态、结节边界不清晰、结节纵横径>1、Adler血流分级(2级+3级)比例均大于良性组(P<0.05);良性组的钙化灶比率显著高于恶性组(P<0.05);鉴别诊断甲状腺良恶性结节的灵敏度甲状腺结节形态分别为63.83%和58.00%,甲状腺结节边界分别为71.28%和67.00%;甲状腺结节钙化灶分别为68.09%和55.00%;甲状腺结节纵横径指标分别为24.47%和93.00%;甲状腺结节低回声分别为80.85%和30.00%;甲状腺结节Adler血流分级分别为82.98%和59.00%;恶性组的血清TSH、TSH/Tg均显著高于良性组(P<0.05);恶性组的Tg值低于良性组(P<0.05);血清TSH/Tg诊断甲状腺良恶性结节的敏感度为69.45%、特异度为70.20%,ROC曲线下面积AUC值为0.746。结果表明,超声特征结合血清TSH/Tg水平对判断甲状腺结节良恶性具有一定的价值。     

结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌的诊断和治疗

目的：总结结节性甲状腺肿并存甲状腺癌的诊断和治疗的经验。 方法：回顾性分析2007年1月—2012年12月手术治疗并经病理证实的185例结节性甲状腺肿并存甲状腺癌患者的临床资料。 结果：同期手术治疗的结节性甲状腺肿患者共1 657例,185例（11.16%）合并甲状腺癌,其中乳头状癌158例（85.4%）,滤泡状癌17例（9.2%）,混合型癌9例（4.9%）,未分化癌1例（0.5%）。结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌患者钙化发生率（42.8%,74/173）明显高于单纯结节性甲状腺肿患者（10.8%,159/1472）（χ2=130.16,P=0.00）;砂砾钙化患者癌变率（100%,36/36）明显高于非砂砾样钙化者（19.3%,38/197）（χ2=91.49,P=0.00）。患者均行术中快速病理检查（除12例近期外院已确诊）,并根据不同情况均采取了不同范围的手术方式,术后均终生服用甲状腺素片。 结论：结节性甲状腺肿并存甲状腺癌时,多为分化好的乳头状癌。对于合并钙化,特别是砂砾样钙化的结节性甲状腺肿应积极手术治疗。结节性甲状腺肿的手术中应行快速病理检查帮助诊断,从而有利于术中选择正确的手术方式。     

CEUS判定甲状腺"冷结节"的性质

目的探讨应用CEUS鉴别诊断放射性核素显像表现为＂冷结节＂的甲状腺结节性病变的良恶性的价值。方法回顾性分析115例ECT表现为＂冷结节＂患者的170个甲状腺结节性病变的CEUS表现,判定结节良恶性,并与病理结果相对照。结果 170个甲状腺结节中,39个CEUS表现为不均匀弱增强,诊断为恶性;131个表现为与周围甲状腺实质同步等/高增强或无增强,诊断为良性。CEUS诊断甲状腺恶性结节的敏感度为91.67%（33/36）,特异度为95.52%（128/134）,准确率为94.71%（161/170）。结论 CEUS可用以鉴别诊断放射性核素显像表现为＂冷结节＂的甲状腺结节的良恶性。     

结节性甲状腺肿合并分化型甲状腺癌诊断与治疗

目的：探讨结节性甲状腺肿合并分化型甲状腺癌的临床特点及诊治原则。 方法：回顾性分析2003年10月—2011年10月收治的47例结节性甲状腺肿合并分化型甲状腺癌的临床资料。 结果：患者均表现为颈部包块或颈部增粗,术前B超显示结节伴细沙粒样钙化者19例（40.43%）。47例患者均行手术治疗,术后经病理学检查确诊为分化型甲状腺癌（其中乳头状癌36例,占76.60%;滤泡样癌11例,占23.40%）,手术方式包括：患侧腺叶+峡部全切术+VI区淋巴结清扫;两侧腺叶+峡部全切术+VI区淋巴结清扫;颈部淋巴结肿大、转移者加行改良颈清扫术。术后均给予左旋甲状腺素片治疗。47例患者术后随访6~36个月,平均为（15.6±8.9）个月,3例分别于术后16~33个月复发,再次手术,效果良好。全组无死亡病例。 结论：结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌术前诊断困难,术前超声检查可提供可考依据,术中快速冷冻切片病理学检查是提高甲状腺癌检出率的关键;个体化、精细规范的手术治疗对结节性甲状腺肿合并分化型甲状腺癌有良好的治疗效果。     

Predictive Value of Sonographic Features in Preoperative Evaluation of Malignant Thyroid Nodules in a Multinodular Goiter

BACKGROUND: The primary goal of ultrasonography (US) in the evaluation of a thyroid nodule is to determine its malignancy, although the diagnosis of a malignant nodule on the basis of US alone is nearly impossible. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the predictive value of sonographic features in the preoperative diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules, and to determine the important features of sonography. METHODS: This prospective study included 550 consecutive patients with , thyroid nodules. Nodules were divided into two groups on the basis of pathological diagnosis: group 1 consisted of 1,633 nodules with a benign pathology, and group 2 consisted of 293 nodules with a malignant pathology. RESULTS: Microcalcifications, blurred nodular margins, and solid and hypoechoic appearance were more common in malignant nodules compared to benign nodules (89.1% versus 5%; 64.5% versus 4.7%; 81.6% versus 30.6% ; and 62.5% versus 43.1%, respectively; p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between the detection of malignant thyroid nodules and microcalcification (rs = 0.791, p = 0.0001), blurred nodular margin (rs = 0.625, p = 0.0001), solid appearance (rs = 0.376, p = 0.0001), and hypoechoic appearance (rs = 0.141, p = 0.0001). Microcalcifications, blurred nodular margins, and solid and hypoechoic appearance were independent determinants of malignancy upon US examination of thyroid nodules (OR: 159, OR: 37, OR: 9.9, and OR: 2.2, respectively). CONCLUSION: Although we did not identify a single feature indicative of malignancy in the sonographic examination of nodules, microcalcification and blurred margin were the strongest correlates for malignancy.     

Nodule size and fine-needle aspiration biopsy: diagnostic challenges for thyroid malignancy

Background

To investigate the relationship between nodule size and malignancy and the correlation between the dimensional parameter and fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in patients with a nodular goiter.

Methods

Histological data of 415 patients who underwent thyroidectomy were used to estimate the actual nodule size and the difference between the diameter of the nodular lesion and the included tumor (intranodular peritumoral tissue [IPT]). FNAB was performed in 338 patients, and its predictive role was evaluated in comparison with histology.

Results

The histology revealed 207 cases of thyroid malignancy. The mean nodule size was significantly larger in benign disease compared with malignant. Only age and FNAB malignant category were independently associated with malignancy. The IPT showed a trend toward a statistically significant association with FNAB malignant category.

Conclusions

Nodule size does not appear to be a reliable parameter to improve the clinical management of a nodular goiter because of a high variability between size of nodular area and tumor diameter.     

AcSDKP: a new potential marker of malignancy of the thyroid gland

Background and aims The tetrapeptide Acetyl-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro (AcSDKP) a physiologic inhibitor of stem-cell proliferation is also known for it’s strong angiogenic activity. It has been shown that blood levels of this peptide are increased in some hematological malignancies. However, no data on the concentration of AcSDKP present in solid tumor tissue are available. The aim of our study was to measure tissue concentration of AcSDKP in benign and malignant lesions of the thyroid gland. Patients and methods We assessed AcSDKP level in thyroid tissue specimens using enzyme immunoassay kit. The specimens were taken intraoperatively from 20 patients (17 women and 3 men aged 21–68 years): 10 patients with benign nodular goiter and 10 patients with papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Results The obtained results show that tissue concentration of AcSDKP in malignant thyroid tumors is five times higher when compared to benign lessions. Conclusion We conclude that AcSDKP may play a role in the development of the thyroid gland lesions. However, the further investigations concerning the tetrapeptide concentration in other thyroid malignancies, toxic nodular, and Grave’s goiter are required to conclude on the eventual use of AcSDKP as a marker of malignancy Presented at the International Symposium “Modern Technologies in Thyroid Surgery”, 10–11 February 2006, Halle/Saale. Germany     

The utility of preoperative serum thyroid-stimulating hormone level for predicting malignant nodular thyroid disease

Introduction

The aim of this study was to assess whether serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are of value in predicting malignancy in patients with nodular thyroid disease (NTD).

Methods

Patients with NTD and a preoperative TSH level who underwent thyroidectomy between 1990 and 2008 were identified from a prospective database. Age, sex, TSH concentration, nodule size, and pathology were evaluated. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine which factors were predictive of malignancy.

Results

Six hundred fifty-three patients were analyzed. The overall rate of malignancy was 20%; the rate was highest in patients <30 years (32%). The mean TSH level was higher in the malignant group (5.5 μIU/mL vs 1.4 μIU/mL, P < .0001). The rate of malignancy was 65% in patients with TSH levels >5.5 μIU/mL. Logistic regression analysis revealed that TSH level was the only significant risk factor for malignancy.

Conclusion

The serum TSH level may be useful in predicting the probability of cancer and optimizing the extent of thyroidectomy in patients with NTD.     

Prediction of malignancy in the solitary thyroid nodule by physical examination, thyroid scan, fine-needle biopsy and serum thyroglobulin. A prospective study of 100 surgically treated patients

A prospective study was made of 100 consecutive patients selected for surgical treatment of a clinically solitary thyroid nodule. Anamnestic data and findings at physical examination, thyroid scan, fine-needle aspiration biopsy and measurement of serum thyroglobulin were correlated with the postoperative histologic diagnoses. The histologic findings were malignant in 18 cases and benign in 82. Familial occurrence of benign goiter was reported more frequently by patients with benign than by those with malignant histology (46 and 11%). Of the 11 nodules that were hard at palpation, 7 were malignant. All 12 scintigraphically "hot" nodules were benign, but 13 of 59 "solitary, cold" nodules were malignant. The cytologic specimens were reviewed and reclassified. The needle aspirate was insufficient for cytologic diagnosis in 11 cases. Papillary carcinoma was cytologically recognized in four cases. Of 36 lesions cytologically reported to be neoplasm of unspecified type, 12 were histologically shown to be malignant, 20 were follicular adenomas and 4 were colloid goiter. Benign lesion was the cytologic diagnosis in 47 cases. One diagnosis was false negative, but the cancer lay beneath the index nodule. The thyroglobulin level was significantly higher in patients with thyroid cancer than in those with benign disorders, but the test's predictive value was low. Thyroglobulin levels more than tenfold the upper limit of normal were found only in three patients with thyroid cancer and two with thyrotoxicosis. Although all of the mentioned investigative data were helpful in the management of solitary thyroid nodule, fine-needle biopsy was the best single method. When cytologic examination shows malignancy or unspecified neoplasm, surgery is indicated. For most patients with cytologically benign lesions, careful follow-up will suffice.     

Total Thyroidectomy for Benign Thyroid Disorders in an Endemic Region

Total thyroidectomy is increasingly being accepted as a treatment of choice for differentiated thyroid cancer. However, because of presumed increased morbidity associated with this procedure, it is still not considered a viable option for management of benign thyroid disorders. To assess the safety and efficacy of total thyroidectomy for management of benign thyroid disorders, we analyzed our data from 127 total thyroidectomies performed for benign thyroid disorders. Demographic details, biochemical findings, indications for operation, specimen weight, and complications were noted. Among these patients, 52 had a toxic goiter and 75 had a nontoxic goiter. The mean duration of the goiters being present was 6.08 ± 6.06 years (0.9–26.0 years), and the mean weight of the specimens was 136.88 ± 120.68 g. The incidence of occult malignancy was 6.3% (n= 8), and those of permanent hypothyroidism and permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy were 1.6% and 0.8%, respectively. Total thyroidectomy should be considered a treatment of choice for multinodular goiter and Graves' disease in a setting of palpable nodule(s) or ophthalmopathy (or both). It is particularly relevant in endemic regions where patients present with a long-standing, large nodular goiter with virtually no normal thyroid tissue. Reoperation for recurrent goiter in such a setting would be fraught with distressing complications.     

甲状腺结节钙化的临床价值

目的探讨甲状腺结节钙化在临床诊治中的意义。方法回顾性分析2002年6月至2003年8月中山大学附属第一医院收治的543例甲状腺结节病人的临床、B超扫描和病理资料。543例甲状腺结节中良性病变473例(87·1%),恶性病变70例(12·9%)。结果121例甲状腺结节有钙化,占22·3%,其中恶性肿物的钙化发生率(52·9%)明显高于良性甲状腺肿物(17·8%,P<0·05)。单发结节、伴有颈部淋巴结肿大甲状腺肿物为恶性的可能性大(P<0·05)。结论B超检查发现甲状腺结节钙化,并有结节边界模糊、形态不规则、低回声和血流信号丰富时,宜采用积极的治疗方法。