超临界喷涂技术及其热力学基础

详细介绍了超临界流体的性质、超临界涂料喷涂体系的组成,以及超临界体系的溶解性、粘度和相行为等热力学性质。讨论了超临界涂料喷涂的成膜机理。超临界ＣＯ２在高聚物中的溶解度取决于组分含量、温度、压力、聚合物分子量、聚合物和溶剂的相容性,三元体系的相图研究表明：喷涂温度在３５－６５℃,压力在８．５－１１．０ＭＰａ为宜,超临界涂料喷涂机理研究表明,溶解在喷涂液中的ＣＯ２,在喷涂时由于压力突降到过饱和而挥发。     

磷酸盐无机涂料及其研究进展

磷酸盐涂料是在磷酸盐粘结剂中添加金属及金属氧化物骨料而形成的一种水性无机涂料。由于磷酸盐涂料固化后所形成的涂层具有机械强度高、防护性能好以及与基体附着力高等优点,已广泛应用于航天、航海以及汽车等工业领域。相比于金属涂层和有机涂层,磷酸盐涂料因其独特的优势而日益受到越来越多的关注。介绍了磷酸盐无机涂料及其组成,并综述了其在腐蚀防护、耐磨减摩、耐高温隔热等领域的应用。首先,详细阐述了粘结剂、固化剂、骨料等组分在涂料中的作用,同时对各组分的研究进展进行了论述。随后,报道了国内外有关的磷酸盐涂料固化成膜理论,分析了磷酸盐在高温和常温条件下的成膜机制。然后,针对磷酸盐涂料所存在的固化温度高、脆性大、韧性差、表面易存在缺陷等不足,总结了有机溶剂、缓凝剂、硅溶胶、石墨烯等对磷酸盐涂料的改性研究。最后,展望了磷酸盐涂料的发展趋势,指出常温易固化涂料配方的开发以及发展有机-无机复合涂层将会是今后研究的重点。     

涂料缓蚀剂的研究现状与发展

在涂层中加入缓蚀剂提升耐蚀能力由来已久,然而涂料缓蚀剂的定义、作用机理尚存在争议。本文总结了缓蚀剂的定义、分类,并与涂料缓蚀剂进行了比较。提出了涂料缓蚀剂是一种能够明显提高涂层防腐能力的化合物,可以与涂料分子结合成为涂料中的一部分,或者与涂料分子协同作用,能够在金属表面作用成膜,明显阻隔腐蚀性介质向金属表面渗透。综述了国内外关于涂料缓蚀剂的研究进展情况,探讨了其发展方向。     

颗粒增强高分子聚合物耐磨涂层的优化设计模型

综合评述并分析了颗粒增强高分子聚合物的机理以及不同粒径颗粒体间的增强机理;对耐磨涂层的厚度,涂层中高分子聚合物与颗粒体的配合比以及粗细颗粒体间的配合比设计,分别建立了相应的数学模型,并对耐磨蚀涂层的适用范围作了说明.     

吸波涂料概述

重点对吸波涂料的吸波机理以及粘结剂和吸收剂种类进行了论述,并对吸波涂料的发展趋势进行了简单描述.     

钛纳米高分子合金涂层的开发与研究

以钛纳米前驱体齐聚物与纳米氧化铝改性含氟聚芳醚酮聚合物为原料,共聚合成制备钛纳米含氟聚芳醚酮共聚物,以此做为基体材料制备钛纳米高分子合金涂料,再加工成能满足特殊用途的高性能防腐蚀涂层,通过与现有多种防腐涂层进行对比试验,检验了新涂料在极端工况环境下的性能。     

白乳胶与硅溶胶复配粘结剂对铸铁件消失模铸造涂料性能的影响

为改善铸铁件消失模铸造涂料的性能,分别研究了单一粘结剂白乳胶与硅溶胶,以及二者复配溶液对涂料性能的影响。结果表明,采用单一粘结剂,无论是白乳胶还是硅溶胶,其加入量在2%~3%时,都能较好地满足涂料的使用要求。当二者进行复配后,白乳胶与硅溶胶的配比为2:3时,涂料的综合性能要比单一使用粘结剂更优,其悬浮性、触变性更好,流杯粘度、涂层强度和透气性适宜,而且涂挂性和高温抗裂性良好,是带有一定屈服值的较理想假塑性流体。     

军用电子设备的表面涂覆

阐述了涂料、涂装工艺的概念以及涂层的防护机理,详细讨论了军用电子设备表面涂覆涂料的选用、涂装工艺和涂层质量检验问题,分析了涂层的常见缺陷及其成因.     

高分子涂料的防穴蚀性能

研制了一种高分子防穴蚀涂料 ,用多种实验手段证实了其具有优异的抗穴蚀性能。这一作用是基于涂层本身优异的抗穴蚀性能以及与基体金属良好的附着力。固化剂、成膜树脂的比例均对涂料性能有显著影响。     

聚氨酯涂层球墨铸铁管的研制

研制了一种专用于球墨铸铁管的聚氨酯涂层,研究了涂料配比对粘度、流平性、固化速度、附着力、硬度等涂料性能的影响,分析了工艺参数如温度、压力对涂层质量的影响.     

Permeation von Wasser und anderen kleinen Molekülen durch Polymere

Permeation of water and other small molecules through polymers Corrosion at the interface of a metal and a polymer coating requires transport of water and oxygen through the coating. Permeation of small molecules is determined by their solubility S and their diffusion coefficient D. Whereas at low contents of the dissolved molecules in the rubbery state S and D do not depend on concentration c, they do so strongly in the glassy state. In this case S decreases with increasing c whereas D increases such that the product, i.e. the permeability D − S, remains constant. In the present study a model will be presented which explains these experimental findings. Water molecules are an exception as a solute/solute interaction of the dipolar molecules plays already a strong role at low concentrations.     

Electrochemical behavior of organic and inorganic zinc-rich coatings in 3.5% NaCl solution

1　INTRODUCTIONZinc richcoatings (ZRP)havebeenusedformanyyearsinordertoprotectsteeleffectivelyinag gressiveatmospheres ,mainlyinmarineandindustrialenvironments,againstcorrosion .ItiscommonlyacceptedthattwofundamentalprotectionmechanismsoperateinZRP[13] :1)thegalvanicprotectionstage ,whichrequires goodelectricalcontactamongthezincparticlesthemselvesaswellasbetweenthemandthesteelsubstrate ;2 )thebarrier likebehaviorstage ,whichisreinforcedbytheamountandnatureofzinccorrosionproductslead ing…     

Effects of quenching conditions on crystallization behavior of amorphous Al90Ni5Ce5 alloys

X-ray diffraction and DSC were used to investigate the crystallization behavior of amorphous Al90Ni5Ce5 alloys at different quenching temperatures.All the amorphous Al90Ni5Ce5 alloys quenched at different temperatures crystallize by two stages.The first stage corresponds to FCC Al phase precipitating from the amorphous matrix.The crystallization onset temperature increases with increasing quenching temperature.The quenching temperature also influences the isothermal behaviors.At low quenching temperatures,the FCC Al precipitation is only through grain growth.At high quenching temperatures,the FCC Al precipitation is through growth of quenched-in Al unclei and nucleation and growth of new crystallites.The reason that the crystallization onset temperature varies with quenching temperature is likely as that the quenched-in Al nuclei decreases with increasing temperature.     

硅烷偶联剂处理对富锌涂层行为的影响

 采用测量涂层的腐蚀电位和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等方法研究了硅烷偶联剂处理(钢铁表面的硅烷偶联剂预处理和富锌漆中掺入硅烷偶联剂)对富锌涂层在3.5mass%NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明，两种硅烷处理方式均明显延长了富锌涂层的阴极保护期.钢铁表面硅烷处理减弱了无机富锌涂层的阴极保护作用.      

On the use of conducting polymers to improve the resistance against corrosion of paints based on polyurethane resins

This work analyzes the physical properties of several paints and the resistance against corrosion that they impart after being modified by adding a conducting polymer. Five different formulations were selected: four polyurethane resins (two varnish and two aqueous based) and one multicomponent system containing polyester, melamine and cellulose acetobutyrate. The physical properties of the coatings were examined by FTIR, thermal analyses and viscosity measurements. Corrosion resistance of carbon steel coated with these paints was studied by means of accelerated laboratory tests. The results provided by the original formulations and those modified by adding 1 % w/w of polypyrrole or poly(3‐decylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) regioregular were compared. Although the general behavior was irregular, showing dependence with the paint formulation, excellent results were achieved for an aqueous based polyurethane resin modified with polypyrrole. Accelerated immersion experiments in salt and acid solutions showed fast degradation of the film without conducting polymer, while the polymeric film with polypyrrole offered a higher resistance.     

含丙烯酸甲硅烷酯共聚物基自抛光防污涂料的研制

目的制备高性能的含丙烯酸甲硅烷酯共聚物基防污涂料。方法合成了丙烯酸甲硅烷酯共聚物,制备了以功能性丙烯酸甲硅烷酯共聚物为基料,以氧化亚铜为主防污剂的自抛光防污涂料。通过红外光谱(FTIR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对聚合物进行分析,并通过室内动态磨蚀率实验、深海挂板实验、耐淡水浸泡实验、物理性机械性能测试和减阻性能测试,分别评价防污涂料的磨蚀率、静态防污性能、耐淡水性能、物理机械性能和减阻性能。结果筛选出的优异配方防污涂料的磨蚀率为5μm/month,具有26个月的防污性能、2个月的耐淡水浸泡性能及优异的物理机械性能,且降阻率可达到4%。结论制备的丙烯酸甲硅烷酯共聚物基自抛光防污涂料,具有良好的防污性能、物理机械性能、耐淡水浸泡性能,且能够有效地降低船舶航行阻力,是一种高性能的自抛光防污涂料。     

On the effectiveness of coatings obtained from film-forming polymers containing inhibitive functional groups

Experimental data on the influence of the film-forming polymer on the effectiveness of polymeric coatings on metals are discussed. Polystyrene, poly(butyl methacrylate), and copolymers of butyl methacrylate and styrene with 2-vinylpyridine (BMAVP and SVP) were used as film-forming polymers for the coatings. The correlation between the composition of the film-forming polymers, the properties of the coatings (adhesion and permeability), the coating functions (metal corrosion under the coatings), and the coating inhibition factor was studied. A criterion for the latter was proposed. According to the data obtained, the inhibited coatings prepared from the copolymers BMAVP-5, SVP-5, and SVP-10 (containing 5 and 10% VP) were most effective. Original Russian Text ? V.I. Zavrazhina, Yu.P. Gladkikh, 2007, published in Zashchita Metallov, 2007, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 108–112.     

A molecular dynamics study on the liquid-amorphous-crystalline transition in a Lennard-Jonesian FCC system: II. Nanocrystalline plates

Constant-pressure molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to study the liquid-amorphous-crystalline transition behavior in a model system composed of 500 Lennard-Jones particles under three-dimensional periodic boundary conditions. The critical quenching rate (CQR) for amorphization, i.e., the minimum rate above which no crystallization occurs on quenching, is found to be about 5.52 x 10¹² K/s for a one-component, unary system. For lower quenching rates, the amorphous phase transforms to a crystalline phase with 0.3~0.5 of the melting point as the transition temperature. A binary system with a misfit in atomic size shows a smaller CQR, while a system with a higher bond strength for solute atoms requires a greater CQR. A crystallization behavior of an amorphous phase on reheating is also studied. Its crystallization temperature depends on the history: the higher the quenching rate for amorphization, the higher the crystallization temperature.     

Polyaniline, polypyrrole and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as additives of organic coatings to prevent corrosion

The aim of this work is to compare the protection against corrosion imparted by different conducting polymers when these materials are used as anticorrosive additives in the formulation of conventional epoxy paints. Specifically, the polymers employed as anticorrosive additives are polyaniline emeraldine salt, polyaniline emeraldine base, polyaniline emeraldine salt composite with carbon black, polypyrrole composite with carbon black and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulphonate). Initially, the structural, thermal and mechanical properties of the unmodified epoxy paint as well as the modified coatings, obtained by the addition of 0.3 wt.% of conducting polymers, have been characterized. After this, controlled accelerated corrosion assays in an aggressive solution medium were developed using coated steel panels. Results indicate that the protection against corrosion imparted by the formulations modified by the addition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulphonate), polyaniline emeraldine salt and, especially, polyaniline emeraldine base is significantly higher than that of the unmodified paint. In contrast, the use of conducting polymer composite with carbon black reduces the efficacy of the coating. Results indicate that some conducting polymer compositions should be considered as a suitable alternative to replace inorganic anticorrosive pigments currently used in paint formulations.     

淬火温度对低合金耐蚀27CrMo48VNb钢油井管组织的影响

通过系列温度淬火试验对低合金耐蚀27CrMo48VNb钢油井管进行热处理,并采用光学显微镜和透射电镜对不同温度淬火后组织、原奥氏体晶粒以及析出相进行了观察,研究了淬火温度对试验钢组织、晶粒尺寸和析出相的影响。结果表明,试验钢淬火后形成了马氏体组织。随着淬火温度升高,淬火后马氏体组织和原奥氏体晶粒尺寸逐渐增加。当淬火温度为890~1000 ℃时,随着淬火温度升高,晶粒尺寸增加较小;当淬火温度超过1000 ℃时,随着淬火温度升高,原奥氏体晶粒显著粗化。组织和原奥氏体晶粒尺寸随淬火温度的变化趋势与高温析出相溶解析出行为有关。试验钢的淬火温度应控制在890~1000 ℃。