基于手持GPS洞庭湖区植被景观格局外业调绘研究

本文以1：50000的地形图为工作底图，采用手持GPS技术、利用实地调查与分解森林资源分布图相结合的方法，对洞庭湖区植被分布状况进行了外业调绘的研究。建立了外业调绘过程中植被群落斑块最小面积和边界的确定原则及其斑块类型与编码。探讨了手持GPS实现WGS-84坐标系向1954北京坐标系的转化方法。并进行了精度估算，其点位误差≤5．8m，完全可以满足洞庭湖区植被分布外业调绘的精度要求。运用该方法进行植被分布的外业调绘，可以解决运用传统的定位测量方法在湖区定位难的问题，提高了外业作业效率。     

地理国情与基础地理信息数据同步更新外业调绘系统的构建

利用全新的外业数据调绘理念,在地图数据缓存切片技术、GPS定位技术及手持移动终端等技术设备基础上构建了地理国情与基础地理信息数据同步更新外业调绘系统,实现野外作业时,同一地物要素只需补测一次即可完成地理国情与基础地理信息数据的外业调绘工作,避免了重复外业采集生产,有利于降低地理国情与基础地理信息数据的更新成本。     

便携式小型移动全景地理国情调绘核查技术研究

地理国情调绘核查关系到地理国情普查的可靠性和现势性,目前地理国情调绘核查以人工外业为主。本文提出了一种便携式小型移动全景调绘核查技术,以车载或人工背负携带式对地理国情调绘核查进行全过程360°实景记录,通过手持GPS终端实现全景影像自动地理参考;进一步与正射影像关联进行地理国情普查要素的室内核查与调绘,提高地理国情调绘核查乃至质检的效率和质量;另外在其他调查类业务中也具有很好的应用前景。     

适合灾后重建项目的外业调绘方式

以四川灾后恢复重建项目DLG生产为例说明外业调绘的综合应用方式,主要是利用航空影像、高分辨率卫星影像、P5卫星立体影像等资料进行DLG全要素采集、更新。室内采用人机交互方法进行影像识别判读,更新采集地貌地物要素,形成电子调绘工作底图,对于无法识别的要素,由外业核查并确认,外业采用手持式GPS、手持式激光测距仪等设备进行外业修、补测,将修补测数据及其他调绘信息综合处理后,形成完整的电子调绘图,通过实践,该方法能够满足1∶10 000比例尺成图的精度要求,大大提高了工作效率。     

融合CORS的自然资源移动调绘系统设计与实现

针对自然资源外业调绘过程采集数据精度低、工作效率低等缺点,设计并实现了融合CORS(continuously oper-ating reference stations)和无人机的外业调绘系统.详细介绍了系统的整体设计与功能,实现了在高精度影像底图上对图斑进行合并、切割、注记、高精度定位等功能.推进自然资源要素移动化、智能化调查取证,降低外业调绘工作量和工作风险,具有一定的推广与应用价值.     

基于3S技术土地利用现状数据库更新方法探讨

本文研究了基于3S技术的1:1万土地利用现状更新调查的方法,针对其中遇到的若干问题进行了探讨,认为正射影像图制作时必须注意精度问题,影像解译采用自动分类与目视解译相结合的方法可以提高效率保证解译精度;外业调绘补测应该严把质量关,以保障整个工程的精度,外业调绘结果采用直接矢量化可以减少工作量,以减少误差;重新划分图斑号可以方便外业调查和今后土地管理工作;建议数据建库时采用地形图校正可以提高数据库的精度。     

手持GPS/PDA数码调绘系统在地形数据生产中的应用研究

为满足使用手持GPS/PDA进行1∶10 000地形图野外调绘生产,以适应大面积、规模化基础测绘的要求,对GPS/PDA全野外调绘试生产进行总结和分析,提出相关的技术要求,为利用手持GPS/PDA进行野外调绘提供参考。     

GNSS技术在土地利用动态监测中的应用

利用GPS进行外业调绘验证,可以实现空间数据的快速定位,直观地判定地面物体特性等现势信息,实现土地利用信息的更新。实践证明,在土地利用动态监测中引入GNSS技术,可极大地提高土地利用现状外业调绘验证的效率、质量和时效性,大大节省人力和物力。结合GIS和RS,可以实现土地利用数据库的动态更新,及时掌握土地动态,为土地宏观调控提供决策依据,推动土地管理工作信息化和科学化。     

地理国情普查外业调绘系统关键技术及实现

介绍了基于Android的地理国情普查外业调绘系统实现数据采集、离线存储的开发技术和实现方法;实现了影像数据和内业解译数据的浏览、查询、核查及GPS定位以及与数据库同步更新等功能。转变传统纸质调绘方式,起到提高效率,降低成本和有效控制信息获取质量的重要作用。     

基于智能定位手机的影像信息内外业一体化核查系统

在地理国情普查和未来将持续开展的地理国情监测工作中,其主要作业方式是通过多源遥感获取地类信息。由于自动解译和人工解译准确率较低,外业调查和核实都是必不可少的工作。传统的制图调绘核实方法存在人工定位困难、记录慢和单人识别不可靠等问题。采用最新的平板电脑进行外业调绘存在强光下无法显示、笔触操作不便和电池续航时间短等缺点。本系统以GPS智能手机作为终端,通过网络传输将遥感外业调查像片传回内业数据处理中心,作业员可以根据外业作业人员传回的定位像片进行地类赋值或修改以及检查等工作,实现无缝集成的内外业一体化。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。