不同能量水平对广西三黄母鸡育成期体重及生殖器官的影响

为研究不同能量水平对广西三黄母鸡育成期体重及生殖器官的影响。采用单因子随机分组试验设计,饲粮代谢能设6个水平,分别为每千克10.5、10.9、11.3、11.7、12.1、12.5 MJ。将1 152只体重差异不显著的7周龄健康三黄鸡后备种母鸡随机分成6个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复48只,全期84天。结果,在限饲条件下,饲粮代谢能水平对体增重、体重均匀度、卵巢重量和输卵管长度有极显著或显著影响。随着日粮代谢能水平的提高,后备鸡的体重、增重、卵巢重量和输卵管长度也逐渐增加,而体重均匀度则以中代谢能水平组为最好。从本次试验看代谢能水平为11.7 MJ/kg可作为配制广西三黄鸡后备母鸡饲粮代谢能水平的参数。     

不同水平维生素A和生物素对肉用后备公鸡骨骼、肌肉生长发育的影响

按照2×3因子设计试验,日粮维生素A水平分别为1500、15000、30000IU/kg,生物素水平分别为0·1、0·5、1·0mg/kg,共9组,每组100只4周龄的良凤麻花后备种公鸡,试验到28周龄。结果表明,日粮中维生素A各处理水平对后备公鸡的体斜长、龙骨长、胸深、胸宽、胫长、胫围无显著影响(P〉0·05),而日粮维生素A水平2对胸、腿肌肉有促进生长作用(P〈0·05);日粮生物素水平对后备公鸡骨骼、肌肉生长发育无显著影响(P〉0·05)。后备公鸡日粮维生素A和生物素适宜的水平为1500IU/kg和0·1mg/kg。     

Dietary Vitamin E Level Affects Performance, Carcass Quality, Serum Biochemical Parameters and Reproductive Hormone Contents of Geese

本试验以0～12周龄肝用型鹅为研究对象,通过探讨饲粮不同维生素E水平对青农灰鹅生产性能、胴体品质、血清生化指标和生殖激素含量的影响,确定育雏、育成期鹅维生素E的需要量.试验选择1日龄青农灰鹅180只,随机分为6个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复10只.试验鹅饲喂在玉米-豆粕型饲粮的基础上分别添加0(对照组)、5、10、20、40、80 IU/kg维生素E的饲粮,试验期为12周.结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮添加40、80 IU/kg维生素E可显著提高0～4周龄鹅平均日增重和平均日采食量(P＜0.05),饲粮添加40 IU/kg维生素E可显著提高5～12周龄鹅平均日增重和平均日采食量(P＜0.05).2)饲粮添加40、80 IU/kg维生素E可显著降低12周龄鹅胸肌剪切力和失水率(P＜0.05),饲粮添加80 IU/kg维生素E可显著提高12周龄鹅半净膛率和胸肌率(P＜0.05).3)提高饲粮维生素E水平可显著提高4周龄鹅血清尿素氮含量(P＜0.05),显著降低12周龄鹅血清尿素氮含量(P＜0.01),饲粮添加40 IU/kg维生素E可显著提高4周龄和12周龄鹅血清碱性磷酸酶活性(P＜0.05).4)与对照组相比,40、80 IU/kg维生素E组12周龄母鹅血清中雌二醇含量显著升高(P＜0.05),促卵泡素含量显著降低(P＜0.05).20、40、80 IU/kg维生素E组12周龄公鹅血清中雌二醇、睾酮含量均显著升高(P＜0.05),促卵泡素含量显著降低(P＜0.05).本研究结论如下:1)维生素E对鹅的生产性能、胴体品质、血清中尿酸、尿素氮、生殖激素含量和碱性磷酸酶活性具有一定调控作用;2)根据建立的回归方程确定肝用型鹅饲粮维生素E最适添加量为:0 ～4周龄42.98 IU/kg,5～12周龄38.92～43.41 IU/kg;3)根据鹅血清中生殖激素含量的变化确定饲粮维生素E最低添加量为20 IU/kg.     

产蛋鸡维生素A和E的供给

民主德国对产蛋鸡和后备母鸡做了饲养实验,鸡的基础日粮为玉米、鱼粉和添加有维生素A和E:1～8周龄后备母鸡分别为5000IU和1mg/kg混合饲料;9～20周龄分别为4000IU和0;产蛋鸡分别为6000IU和6mg/kg。在实验中,变化该两种维生素的通常添加量。结果为,在通常添加量的基础上,产蛋鸡每公斤混合饲料后再加入维生素A4000IU。后备母鸡再加入1000～15000IU。相应地,维生素E的增加量为每公斤饲料0和5     

饲粮添加维生素E和酵母硒对黄羽肉种鸡产蛋性能、孵化性能及蛋中维生素E和硒沉积量的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加维生素E和酵母硒对黄羽肉种鸡产蛋性能、孵化性能及蛋中维生素E和硒(Se)沉积量的影响。试验采用3×3双因子设计,设3个维生素E添加水平(0、20、40 IU/kg)和3个Se添加水平(0、0.15、0.30 mg/kg)。选用32周龄快大型岭南黄羽肉鸡父母代种母鸡864只,根据产蛋率和体重一致性原则随机分成9个组,分别为VE_0Se_0组、VE_0Se_(0.15)组、VE_0Se_(0.30)组、VE_(20)Se_0组、VE_(20)Se_(0.15)组、VE_(20)Se_(0.30)组、VE_(40)Se_0组、VE_(40)Se_0.15组和VE_(40)Se_0.30组,每组6个重复,每个重复16只鸡。试验期8周。结果表明:1)饲粮中维生素E和Se添加水平对黄羽肉种鸡的体增重、平均日产蛋量、料蛋比、平均蛋重、产蛋率、破蛋率和不合格蛋率均无显著影响(P0.05)。2)饲粮中维生素E和Se添加水平对黄羽肉种鸡的蛋长径、蛋短径、蛋白高度、蛋黄颜色、哈氏单位、蛋黄重、蛋壳重和蛋壳厚度均无显著影响(P0.05)。3)饲粮中维生素E和Se添加水平对黄羽肉种鸡的健雏出壳重、孵化率、弱雏率和受精率均无显著影响(P0.05)。4)饲粮中维生素E添加水平对黄羽肉种鸡血浆MDA含量有显著影响(P0.05),随饲粮中维生素E添加水平的升高血浆MDA含量呈降低趋势,其中维生素E添加水平为40 IU/kg时血浆MDA含量显著低于0 IU/kg时(P0.05);饲粮中维生素E和Se添加水平对血浆MDA含量有显著交互作用(P0.05),其中VE_(40)Se_0组的血浆MDA含量显著低于VE_0Se_(0.15)和VE_0Se_(0.30)组(P0.05)。5)随饲粮中维生素E和Se添加水平的升高,黄羽肉种鸡蛋中维生素E和Se含量显著增加(P0.05);饲粮中维生素E和Se添加水平对蛋中维生素E和Se含量有显著交互作用(P0.05)。结果提示,维生素E可以提高黄羽肉种鸡的抗氧化水平,饲粮中维生素E和Se添加水平可以显著影响蛋中维生素E和Se的含量;建议在无任何应激因素刺激和不使用Se缺乏地区饲料原料的情况下,黄羽肉种鸡玉米-豆粕型饲粮可以不用额外添加维生素E和Se。     

育成期京红1号母鸡饲粮赖氨酸需要量

本试验旨在研究育成期京红1号商品代母鸡的饲粮赖氨酸(Lys)需要量。选取450只8周龄京红1号商品代母鸡,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。分别饲喂Lys水平为0.56%、0.62%、0.68%、0.74%和0.80%的饲粮,试验期为9周。结果表明:随饲粮Lys水平的增加,9~17周龄京红1号母鸡的平均日增重(ADG)和群体均匀度均呈显著先升高再降低的二次曲线关系(P0.05),料重比(F/G)呈显著先降低再升高的二次曲线关系(P0.05);0.62%Lys组的ADG显著高于0.56%和0.80%Lys组(P0.05),F/G却显著低于以上2组(P0.05),0.68%Lys组的群体均匀度显著高于0.56%和0.80%Lys组(P0.05)。17周龄京红1号母鸡的体重、胸宽和胫长随饲粮Lys水平的增加均呈显著先升高再降低的二次曲线关系(P0.05);0.68%Lys组的体重、胸宽和胫长均显著高于0.74%和0.80%Lys组(P0.05)。17周龄京红1号母鸡的卵巢重量、卵巢指数、输卵管重量、输卵管指数及输卵管长度随饲粮Lys水平的增加呈显著先升高再降低的二次曲线关系(P0.05);0.68%Lys组的生殖器官发育指标均显著高于其他组(P0.05)。随饲粮Lys水平的增加,17周龄京红1号母鸡的卵巢中各级卵泡数均呈显著先增加后降低的二次曲线关系(P0.05);0.68%Lys组的总卵泡数、初级卵泡数、次级卵泡数和小黄卵泡数均显著高于其他组(P0.05)。根据17周龄京红1号母鸡的卵巢重、卵巢指数、总卵泡数、初级卵泡数和次级卵泡数各自拟合二次曲线,得出饲粮Lys需要量分别为0.65%、0.65%、0.64%、0.64%和0.64%。综上所述,推荐9~17周龄京红1号母鸡饲粮Lys需要量为0.64%~0.65%。     

夏季日粮营养水平对肉用种母鸡生产繁殖性能的影响及相关性研究

本文研究了夏季日粮营养水平对肉用种母鸡生产繁殖性能的影响及与高温月份、产蛋周龄的相关关系。结果,高营养水平日粮极显著地增加了种母鸡的死淘率和体增重(P<0.01),显著降低了入舍母鸡产蛋数、入舍母鸡产蛋率(P<0.05),显著增加了每枚蛋的耗料量和每枚种蛋的耗料量。种母鸡的死淘率7月和8月最高,且呈显著相关;入舍母鸡产蛋数、入舍母鸡产蛋率、种蛋数随产蛋周龄增加而逐渐下降,种蛋率、枚蛋耗料量、枚种蛋耗料量和枚蛋重随产蛋周龄增加而逐渐增加,与气温无显著相关;结果表明,对照日粮的营养水平是适合的,在此基础上调整增加日粮的营养水平,并不能提高肉种母鸡的生产繁殖性能。气温高和高营养水平日粮是肉用种母鸡死淘率高的主要原因,高营养水平日粮是体重过速增加的主要因素。     

维生素A对青农灰鹅屠宰性能和免疫性能的影响

试验选用1日龄青农灰鹅200只,随机分为5个处理,每处理4个重复,每重复10只。在玉米-豆粕型日粮基础上分别添加0(Ⅰ组)、1500(Ⅱ组)、3000(Ⅲ组)、6000 IU/kg(Ⅳ组)和12000 IU/kg(Ⅴ组)的维生素A,试验期为12周。结果表明:日粮添加维生素A能显著提高12周龄青农灰鹅屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率(P<0.05),但对4周龄鹅屠宰性能的影响不显著(P>0.05);基础日粮添加维生素A能极显著提高4周龄青农灰鹅胸腺指数及淋巴细胞转化率(P<0.01),显著提高12周龄胸腺指数(P<0.05),极显著提高12周龄法氏囊指数和淋巴细胞转化率(P<0.01),日粮添加维生素A能显著提高免疫后7、14 d鹅禽流感抗体效价(P<0.05)。结果显示,日粮中添加维生素A可提高青农灰鹅的屠宰性能和免疫性能。综合各项指标,本试验条件下,0～4周龄和5～12周龄维生素A添加水平均以7000 IU/kg为宜。     

日粮营养水平对隐性白羽鸡屠宰性能的影响

试验测定12周龄隐性白羽鸡不同日粮营养水平下的屠宰性能,结果显示:①性别对产肉量、除腿肌率外的产肉率、副产品量、除翅率外的副产品率有极显著或显著影响,上述指标中,除胸肌率、腹脂重、腹脂率、肝率、肌胃率指标为母鸡大于公鸡外,其余均表现为公鸡大于母鸡;②两种能量水平仅对12周龄体重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、腹脂重、腹脂率、肌胃重、肌胃率有显著或极显著影响;③高蛋白质水平显著提高12周龄体重、全净膛重全净膛率、胸肌重、胸肌率,低蛋白质水平显著增加腹脂重、腹脂率、肝重、肝率;④产肉量的遗传力中等偏高为0.36～0.43;产肉率的遗传力差异较大为0.10～0.49;屠宰副产品量的遗传力差异较大为0.16～0.59,副产品率的遗传力中等偏高为0.25～0.77。     

饲粮维生素E水平对鹅免疫和抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮维生素E水平对鹅免疫和抗氧化功能的影响,以确定1～12周龄鹅饲粮维生素E的最适添加量。选用1日龄平均体重为(111.1±6.5)g青农灰鹅180只,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只。6组试验鹅分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0(对照组)、5、10、20、40和80 IU/kg维生素E的试验饲粮。试验期为12周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,10、20、40、80 IU/kg维生素E组4周龄和12周龄胸腺指数显著或极显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01),20、40、80 IU/kg维生素E组4周龄和12周龄法氏囊指数显著增加(P<0.05)。饲粮添加20 IU/kg维生素E可显著或极显著提高新城疫免疫后7、14、21 d的抗体滴度(P<0.05或P<0.01),添加20、40、80 IU/kg维生素E可显著或极显著提高4周龄和12周龄的外周血淋巴细胞转化率(P<0.05或P<0.01)。2)血清和肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,4周龄时20、40、80 IU/kg维生素E组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);12周龄时10、20、40、80 IU/kg维生素E组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,4周龄时40 IU/kg维生素E组血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著升高(P<0.05);4周龄时10 IU/kg维生素E组肝脏T-SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05);12周龄时20、40、80 IU/kg维生素E组肝脏T-SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05)。4周龄时40 IU/kg维生素E组,12周龄时20、40、80 IU/kg维生素E组血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于对照组(P<0.05);4周龄时20 IU/kg维生素E组肝脏T-AOC显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,4周龄和12周龄时各维生素E添加组血清和肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量均有不同程度地降低;4周龄和12周龄时40 IU/kg维生素E组血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著升高(P<0.05)。由此得出:1)饲粮中添加维生素E可提高鹅的免疫和抗氧化功能。2)运用回归方程预测,最佳免疫和抗氧化条件下1～12周龄鹅饲粮维生素E适宜添加量为44.31～53.11 IU/kg;以血清MDA含量为参考依据确定1～12周龄鹅饲粮维生素E最低添加量为6.84 IU/kg。     

Effects of supplemental vitamin E during the laying period on the reproductive performance of Taiwan native chickens

1. One-day-old Taiwan Native Breeder female chicks were fed on maize/soybean growing diets without supplemental vitamin E from hatch to 17 weeks of age. After 17 weeks the birds (n = 300) were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments and fed on maize/soybean laying diets supplemented with 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 mg/kg of vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate), respectively, until 46 weeks of age. The variates measured included: age at first egg, feed consumption (FC), feed efficiency (FE), egg production (EP), egg weight (EW), egg specific gravity (ESG), eggshell strength (ESS), fertility and hatchability. 2. The addition of 120mg/kg of vitamin E lowered the first EW (P<0.05); however, there was no significant difference in the age or body weight (BW) of pullets at first egg or mortality rate to 46 weeks of age among the treatments. FE and egg mass were improved (P<0.05) in pullets fed 80 mg/kg of supplemental vitamin E. A significant increase in EP was observed after peak EP in pullets given 80 mg/kg of supplemental vitamin E. However, this favourable effect decreased as supplemental vitamin E exceeded 80 mg/kg. 3. From 17 to 46 weeks of age, egg quality (ESG and ESS) decreased with age. However, there was no correlation between age and fertility or hatchability during the experimental period, suggesting that egg quality is more age-sensitive than reproductive performance for breeder pullets. 4. Compared with the control, fertility and hatchability of all eggs set for the treatment with 80 mg/kg supplemental vitamin E increased by 7.7 and 13.4%, respectively. There was no difference in the hatchability of fertile eggs. 5. These results suggest that using supplemental vitamin E during the laying period can improve the reproductive performance of breeder pullets. The addition of 80 mg/kg of vitamin E obtained the best performance in EP, egg mass, FE (feed/egg), hatchability and fertility.     

饲粮维生素E水平对43～63日龄黄羽肉鸡肉品质和抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮维生素E水平对43 ～ 63日龄黄羽肉鸡肉品质和抗氧化功能的影响.选用1 440只43日龄岭南黄羽肉公鸡,采用单因子随机分组试验设计,共设6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复40只鸡.试验采用玉米淀粉-豆粕型基础饲粮,各处理饲粮营养水平除维生素E水平不同外,其他均相同.空白对照组饲喂未添加维生素E的基础饲粮,其余各处理饲粮中分别添加5、10、20、40、80 mg/kg维生素E.试验期21 d,试鸡地面平养,自由采食颗粒料和自由饮水.结果表明:1)饲粮中维生素E添加水平对试鸡生长性能和胴体品质无显著性影响(P＞0.05).2)胸肌肉色的L*、a*、b *值和肌肉嫩度也未受饲粮维生素E添加水平显著影响(P＞0.05).添加各水平维生素E均显著提高了宰后45 min胸肌pH(P ＜0.05),添加5、10、40、80 mg/kg维生素E均显著提高了宰后24 h胸肌pH(P ＜0.05).添加20、40 mg/kg维生素E显著降低了宰后45 min胸肌滴水损失,添加5、10、40、80 mg/kg维生素E显著降低了宰后48 h胸肌滴水损失(P＜0.05).3)饲粮中添加不同水平维生素E对试鸡血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性无显著性影响(P＞0.05),添加10、20 mg/kg维生素E使试鸡血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性分别比对照组提高了27.51％、30.57％(P＜0.05).添加各水平维生素E均使试鸡肝脏中GSH-Px活性显著提高(P＜0.05),添加20、40、80 mg/kg维生素E均显著降低了肝脏中MDA含量(P＜0.05),显著提高了肝脏中α-生育酚含量和肌肉中T-SOD活性(P＜0.05).以上试验结果提示,饲粮中添加维生素E可提高43～63日龄黄羽肉鸡机体抗氧化功能,改善肉品质,且添加20 mg/kg效果较好.     

Effects of supplemental vitamin E during the mature period on the reproduction performance of Taiwan Native Chicken cockerels

One-day-old Taiwan native male chicks were fed with maize-soybean rearing diets without supplemental vitamin E to 23 weeks of age. From 23 to 52 weeks of age, the cockerels (n = 90) were assigned at random to 5 dietary treatments and fed with maize-soybean diets supplemented with 0, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg of vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate). Pullets (225) of the same age were fed with standard diets throughout. They were artificially inseminated with one dose of 0.04 ml/bird intact and 5-fold diluted pooled semen at 31 to 43 weeks of age and at 49 weeks of age, respectively. The criteria evaluated included: semen quality, fertility and maximum and effective duration of fertility, blood characteristics, body and testes weight. Supplemental vitamin E did not affect cockerels' effective duration of fertility and percentage of fertility. However, when pullets were inseminated with diluted semen, supplementing 160 mg/kg vitamin E increased the maximum duration of fertility at 49 weeks of age. Cockerels receiving 40 to 160mg/kg supplements had higher sperm viability and motility after 39 weeks of age and those fed 80 mg/kg had higher sperm concentration at 39 weeks of age. Cockerels receiving supplements of more than 40 mg/kg vitamin E had higher body weight gain. Plasma cholesterol and testosterone were not affected by supplemental vitamin E. However, plasma luteinising hormone (LH) concentration was lower in cockerels fed 160 mg/kg. Lack of supplemental vitamin E over 39 weeks was associated with lower semen quality but did not reduce the proportion of fertile eggs laid by inseminated hens, perhaps because the insemination dose compensated for low sperm quality. We found that the maximum duration of fertility might be improved by supplementing 160 mg/kg vitamin E at 49 weeks of age.     

日粮硒水平对22~42日龄肉仔鸡生长性能及肉品质的影响

为研究日粮硒水平对22~42日龄肉仔鸡生长性能和肉品质的影响,试验选用380只1日龄Arbor Acres（AA）肉公雏,1~21日龄统一饲喂同种正常添加无机硒的玉米-豆粕型日粮（含硒0.47 mg/kg）,于22日龄从中选取体重接近的336只鸡,随机分成6个处理组,每组7个重复,每个重复8只鸡。分别饲喂不添加硒的玉米-豆粕型基础日粮（对照组,含硒0.015 mg/kg）和在基础日粮中分别添加0.10、0.20、0.30、0.40和0.50 mg/kg硒（以亚硒酸钠形式添加）的试验日粮,试验期21 d。结果表明,日粮中添加不同硒水平对22~42日龄肉仔鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均无显著影响（P>0.05）;对42日龄肉仔鸡屠宰率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率均无显著影响（P>0.05）;日粮中添加不同硒水平对42日龄肉仔鸡腿肌剪切力和胸肌肉色L^*值有显著影响（P<0.05）,其中添加0.50 mg/kg硒处理组肉鸡的腿肌剪切力最低,添加0.20和0.50 mg/kg硒处理组肉鸡的胸肌肉色L^*值最低,但其他肉质性状指标在各组间均无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上所述,玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中添加不同水平硒对22~42日龄肉仔鸡生长性能与42日龄肉仔鸡胴体性状均无显著影响,但日粮中添加0.50 mg/kg硒降低了腿肌剪切力和胸肌L^*值,对肉品质有一定的改善作用。     

复合酶制剂对北京填鸭胴体性状、体脂沉积和营养物质表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮复合酶制剂水平对北京填鸭胴体性状、体脂沉积和营养物质表观消化率的影响。选取35日龄健康、大小均匀的雄性北京鸭96只,随机分成4个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复4只鸭。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验1组、试验2组和试验3组饲粮分别在基础饲粮中添加100、200和300 mg/kg的复合酶制剂,试验鸭在35和36日龄饲粮填饲量分别为260和300 g,之后5 d各组饲粮填饲量均为400 g/d。试验期为7 d。结果表明:1)饲粮复合酶制剂水平对北京填鸭屠体重、屠体率、全净膛重、全净膛率、腿肌重、腿肌率、龙骨长和胸宽均无显著影响(P0.05),而对北京填鸭增重、胸肌重、胸肌率、胸肌厚、肌胃重和肌胃率有显著影响(P0.05)。试验2组和试验3组北京填鸭胸肌重和肌胃重分别比对照组显著提高了7.88%和7.60%(P0.05)。2)饲粮复合酶制剂水平对北京填鸭皮脂重、皮脂率、腹脂重、腹脂率、肝脏重、肝重率和肝脂率均无显著影响(P0.05)。试验1组皮脂厚与对照组相比显著提高了16.2%(P0.05)。3)饲粮复合酶制剂水平对北京填鸭干物质和总能表观消化率无显著影响(P0.05),而对北京填鸭粗蛋白质表观消化率有显著影响(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加复合酶制剂对北京填鸭体脂沉积无显著影响,但能够提高饲粮中粗蛋白质表观消化率,并促进胸肌和肌胃的生长发育。     

泛酸干预脂肪甘油三酯脂肪酶和长链脂酰辅酶A合成酶1基因表达对鹅生长和脂类代谢的反向调控

本试验通过研究泛酸对5~16周龄五龙鹅肝脏中脂肪甘油三酯脂肪酶(ATGL)和长链脂酰辅酶A合成酶1(ACSL1)基因表达的影响,并分析其与生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质的相关性,旨在从分子角度确定鹅饲粮中泛酸的适宜添加水平。选择5周龄五龙鹅360只,随机分为6个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复10只鹅。各组饲粮中泛酸添加水平分别为0(对照)、5、10、20、40、80 mg/kg。试验期12周。结果表明:1)随着饲粮泛酸添加水平的提高,ATG L mRNA的表达量呈现先降低后升高的趋势,ACSL1 mRNA表达量呈现先升高后降低的趋势。由回归方程得出,当饲粮泛酸添加水平为13.86 mg/kg时,ATGL mRNA表达量最低;当添加水平为22.07 mg/kg时,ACSL1 mRNA表达量最高。2)与对照组相比,饲粮泛酸添加水平为10~20 mg/kg时极显著提高了五龙鹅的体重和平均日增重(P0.01),同时极显著降低料重比(P0.01)。3)ATG L mRNA表达量与胸肌率、腿肌率、屠宰率、半净膛率和全净膛率呈负相关;A CSL1 mRNA表达量与胸肌率、腿肌率、屠宰率、半净膛率和全净膛率呈正相关;二者mRNA表达量与腹脂率均呈负相关。4)ACSL1 mRNA表达量与红度和滴水损失显著相关(P0.05)。5)A TG L mRNA表达量与血清脂类代谢各项指标呈正相关;A CSL1 mRNA表达量与血清脂类代谢各项指标呈负相关。由此表明,ATGL和ACSL1 mRNA表达量对鹅机体生长速度、屠宰性能和脂类代谢呈同步反向调控机制;从ATGL和ACSL1 mRNA表达量优势分析,建议5~16周龄鹅饲粮中泛酸适宜添加水平为13.86~22.07 mg/kg。     

Effects of high concentrations of dietary vitamin E and ethoxyquin on the performance of laying hens

1. Three experiments were carried out with light strain laying hens to evaluate the effects of relatively high doses of dietary vitamin E (125 mg/kg food) or ethoxyquin (EQ) (250 mg/kg food) on their laying performance. The control diet contained 5 and 125 mg/kg vitamin E and EQ, respectively. The experimental diets were fed either from one or 32 weeks until 88 or 89 weeks of age. 2. The two antioxidants did not affect the growth of the pullets, age at first egg, final body weight, average egg weight or relative abdominal fat pad size and liver weight at the termination of the experiments. In two out of three experiments, vitamin E and EQ did not affect egg production, food efficiency or mortality; in the third experiment vitamin E significantly (P less than 0.05) improved egg production and food efficiency after an outbreak of Newcastle disease which occurred at 34 weeks of age. EQ significantly reduced mortality during the course of this experiment, but did affect the variables of performance. In two experiments vitamin E consistently improved shell density, although a significant effect was observed in only one of the eight determinations carried out. EQ did not affect this variable. 3. The uterine muscle was more susceptible to oxidation than the drumstick meat, as evaluated by TBA values. In both tissues, vitamin E significantly and consistently decreased TBA values and restricted their increase during incubation, while EQ was less effective, particularly in the drumstick meat. 4. It is concluded that increasing vitamin E and EQ concentrations in diets of laying hens have no effect on the decrease in egg production due to aging. However, vitamin E may minimize the decline in egg production and food efficiency following the outbreaks of some diseases and slightly improve--under certain yet undefined conditions--shell density.     

飞鸭体尺与屠宰性能测定及其相关性分析

试验测定了8周龄天农飞鸭的体尺与屠宰性能,分析了各指标间的相关性。结果表明,半潜水长、胫长和宰前体重在公母鸭之间存在极显著差异(P＜0.01),体斜长、龙骨长和胫围在公母鸭之间存在显著差异(P＜0.05);屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、腿肌重在公母鸭之间存在极显著差异(P＜0.01),瘦肉重在公母鸭之间存在显著差异(P＜0.05)。宰前体重与体尺各指标（胸宽除外）间存在着极显著相关(P＜0.01);试验所测的9个体尺指标均与宰前体重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重之间存在显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)正相关;宰前体重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重、腿肌重和瘦肉重相互之间呈强相关(P＜0.01),但体重和屠体重却与以上其它重量性状的百分率指标间无明显相关(P＞0.05)。     

Effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on performance, digestion of nutrients and carcass characteristics of Japanese quails reared under chronic heat stress (34 degrees C)

This study was conducted to determine the effects of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) and vitamin E (DL-alpha-Tocopheryl acetate) on performance, digestion of nutrients and carcass characteristics of Japanese quails reared under chronic heat stress (34 degrees C). A total of 180 10-day-old Japanese quails were randomly assigned to six treatment groups, three replicates of 10 birds each. The birds with a 2 x 3 factorial design received either two levels of vitamin C (100 and 200 mg/kg of diet) or three levels of vitamin E (125, 250, or 500 mg/kg of diet). Then, 200-mg vitamin C/kg of diet, compared with that of 100 mg/kg of diet, and higher dietary vitamin E inclusions resulted in a higher performance. The interaction between vitamin C and vitamin E for final body weight change (p=0.01) and feed efficiency (p=0.02) was detected. Final body weight change and feed efficiency increased to a higher extent by increasing dietary vitamin C when higher vitamin E levels were fed. Carcass characteristics improved with an increase of both dietary vitamin C and vitamin E (p=0.004). The interactions on carcass characteristics were all significant (p=0.02) and manifested themselves in a way that they were improved to a higher extent by an increase of dietary vitamin C when higher vitamin E levels were fed. Digestibility of nutrients (DM, OM, CP and EE) was greater with higher dietary vitamin C (p < 0.02) and also with higher vitamin E (p=0.07). There were no interactions detected for digestibility of nutrients (p=0.32). Taken together, the results of the present study conclude that a combination of 200 mg of vitamin C and 250 mg of vitamin E provides the greatest performance in Japanese quails reared under heat stress and can be considered as a protective management practice in poultry diet, alleviating the negative effects of heat stress.     

Comparison of the metabolic and antioxidant effects of diltiazem and vitamin E on streptozotocin-diabetic rats

In this study, solitary and combined effects of vitamin E and the calcium-channel blocker diltiazem were investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Thirty male Wistar albino rats, weighing approximately 200 g were used. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intravenous injection of STZ at a dose of 65 mg/kg body weight. Five experimental groups were established as STZ-diabetic, STZ-diabetic + vitamin E, STZ-diabetic + diltiazem and STZ-diabetic + vitamin E + diltiazem. Vitamin E was injected intraperitoneally three times a week at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight. Diltiazem was given orally every day at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight. At the end of the study (10 weeks) blood glucose levels of diabetic rats, which had received vitamin E and diltiazem, had significantly decreased when compared with untreated diabetic rats (P < 0.02). Similarly, HbA1c levels had significantly decreased in diabetic rats which had received vitamin E (P < 0.05), diltiazem (P < 0.01) and vitamin E + diltiazem (P < 0.02) when compared with untreated diabetic rats. Liver glutathione levels of diabetic rats, which had received vitamin E (P < 0.01) and vitamin E + diltiazem (P < 0.05) had significantly increased when compared with untreated diabetic rats. Liver lipid peroxide levels had significantly decreased in diabetic rats, which had received vitamin E (P < 0.001) and diltiazem (P < 0.01). With respect to their metabolic and antioxidant effects, vitamin E proved superior to diltiazem.