大型储罐底部可拆式伴热装置的设计

根据实际工艺要求,储罐底部往往需要安装伴热装置来保证罐内介质的温度和状态.根据检修和更换要求,罐底伴热装置需要设计成可拆结构,同时对罐底板和支撑型钢的强度提出新的要求;但目前国内标准中没有关于型钢支撑的设计、计算方法.以实际工程实例,按照GB50341或API650和实际工程经验,阐述了一套大型储罐的罐底可拆加热装置的...     

微内压大型立式圆筒储罐设计原理及应用分析

针对GB 50341-2003和API 650-2009关于微内压储罐设计的规定,通过对相关的计算公式进行推导,包括满足强度要求最小抗压环面积计算;罐底不被提离最大内压计算;罐顶破坏压力计算,按弱顶结构设计时,对抗压环截面积限定值计算,说明了上述标准中微内压储罐的设计理论依据,分析了国内外标准中相关计算公式的差异及原因,提出了使用标准中公式进行设计时应注意的问题.     

大型立式衬胶储罐罐底设计探讨

大型立式衬胶储罐在化工行业应用日益普及,工程造价、质量与安全要求高,因此对罐底设计提出更高的要求。分析罐底主要结构形式及其优缺点,以及衬胶储罐底板的特征,探讨其计算模型、设计方法和流程。分别以强度和刚度为设计准则计算底板厚度,然后选其较大值作为底板的有效板厚度值;底板加强梁则先以刚度为设计准则计算组合梁的总惯性矩,再初选加强梁的规格型号以确定主要几何参数,然后再校核结构强度;归纳总结上述方法的设计流程,并编写流程图。最后以φ12m×12m磷酸储罐为例,设计其罐底底板厚度和加强梁。     

大型浓硫酸储罐罐底的设计

介绍了大型浓硫酸储罐罐底的结构形式,对罐底底板厚度和加强梁的设计计算进行了详细阐述,并对罐底布置提出了一些技术要求。     

3000m~3玻璃钢储罐有限元分析

使用有限元分析软件ANSYS对某油田开发工程中所使用的3 000 m~3玻璃钢储罐进行建模,建立了与储罐罐顶、罐壁、加强筋、抗风圈实际尺寸一致的计算模型,重点分析了储罐在设计内压、罐内液压、地震载荷、风载、雪载及集中载荷组合下的整体强度、刚度,并根据相应的标准对结构的安全性进行了评价,分析结果表明本玻璃钢储罐的设计是合理的,能够满足相应的力学和安全要求。     

大型储罐容积、直径和高度的合理确定

储罐容积包括计算容积、公称容积、实际容积(储存容积)和操作容积,容积要求不同时,储罐对应的直径和高度不同,因此合理设置大型储罐的容积、直径和罐高,既满足了储罐设计、运营容量的要求,又提高了储罐的经济性和安全性。     

大型立式衬胶磷酸储罐设计探讨

大型立式衬胶磷酸储罐都为闭式储罐,造价高,对罐底刚度要求高。探讨其经济尺寸的确定方法和罐壁、罐底、罐顶设计的若干问题,在满足工艺要求的前提下认为:<100m~3的衬胶储罐宜按直径和罐高相等的准则确定经济尺寸,≥1000m~3时应控制罐的高度在12m左右,以方便防腐蚀施工和维护;罐壁宜按变壁厚设计,对接的主焊缝宜设在罐外侧,要采取措施防止壁底角焊缝产生缺陷,重视罐底支撑结构,建议采用自支承式带肋拱顶,以期降低大型立式衬胶磷酸储罐的造价。     

大型储罐设计过程及需注意的问题探讨

本文结合工作实践,从储罐的选型与选材、储罐的罐壁、罐顶、罐底、承压圈、抗风圈、中间抗风圈、风载荷作用下倾覆稳定性校核、抗震设计等设计过程和常见问题剖析几个方面阐述了大型储罐的设计过程,以对今后的工作有所借鉴。     

大型立式圆筒形储罐设计中几个问题的探讨

针对大型立式圆筒形储罐的特点,结合其发展状况,论述了在设计及计算中罐壁厚度的确定,风载荷、地震载荷对罐体设计的影响,并对储罐罐顶、罐底的结构设计及相关标准的使用作了介绍。     

常压储罐群RBI技术的应用与漏磁检测

根据基于风险的检验(RBI)原理,对某储罐群进行了风险评估,得到了储罐壁板和底板的失效可能性、失效后果与风险等级。结合RBI分析结果,针对储罐的主要失效模式及损伤机理制定了相应的检验策略。选取中高风险储罐开罐实施底板漏磁检测,并与评估结果进行对比分析,验证了储罐RBI技术的可靠性,有效降低了罐群运行风险。     

我国脂肪酸的生产和应用

简要介绍脂肪酸的分类、原料来源、生产工艺、品种以及用途。并对我国脂肪酸的生产现状进行了分析。重点介绍了脂肪酸在我国橡胶工业中、塑料助剂等领域的应用,脂肪酸甲酯作为表面活性剂在不同领域的广泛应用,最后还简述了癸二酸和改性醇酸树脂应用。     

酸液体系的研究现状分析和现场应用

酸化解堵与压裂改造相比,它具有施工相对简单和成本相对较低等特点,所以酸化解堵是一项各油田广泛使用的油气田增产技术。酸化解堵技术已有将近100历史,现已研制出具有不同特点的酸液体系,如乳化酸、泡沫酸、固体酸、多氢酸等,基本能满足复杂地质条件对酸液的要求。     

油酸的精制研究

油酸酰胺是一种很好的塑料添加剂 ,可用作塑料加工成型时的脱膜剂、润滑剂。油酸的原料来源很广 ,牛油、羊油、猪油等动物油油脂以及大豆油、花生油、棕榈油等植物油脂中都含有大量的油酸。由于油酸的来源和生产方法多种多样 ,因此其所含的脂肪酸种类及含量都不尽相同。除油酸外 ,还有亚油酸、亚麻酸等高不饱和脂肪酸。针对油酸中因含有大量的多不饱和组分如亚油酸、亚麻酸而容易产生氧化泛黄的问题 ,采取了尿素络合法对原料油酸进行精制 ,以减少原料中亚油酸、亚麻酸组分的含量。经气相色谱验证 ,产品达到了应用指标 ,提高了产品的抗氧性。     

磷钼杂多酸的合成研究

介绍了磷钼杂多酸的合成。通过正交试验探讨了反应物料量比、三氧化钼浓度、反应温度和反应时间对产物产率的影响。结果表明,最适宜的反应条件为:反应物量比n(三氧化钼)∶n(磷酸)=12∶1.0、反应温度t=70℃、反应时间7 h、三氧化钼与水的质量比1∶8。经红外光谱分析及熔点测定确定所得产品为磷钼杂多酸化合物。并以磷钼杂多酸取代硫酸作催化剂制备乙酸乙醋来研究其催化活性,并与硫酸做催化剂进行对比实验收率为70.75%,超过硫酸催化剂水平。     

The Growth‐Inhibiting Effects of Beef Fatty Acids on MCF‐7 Cells Are Influenced Mostly by the Depot Location and Inconsistently by the Biohydrogenation Intermediate Content

Biohydrogenation intermediates (BHI) including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers are formed during ruminal biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in ruminants. Although many studies have examined the anticarcinogenic effects of CLA, few studies have reported the anticarcinogenic properties of BHI in their natural form found in dairy and beef fats. The present study compared the growth‐inhibitory effects of fatty acids from beef perirenal fat (PRF) or subcutaneous fat (SCF) with low or high levels of BHI in MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells. Cells were exposed for 72 h to media containing increasing doses (50 to 400 μM) of different beef fat treatments. Fatty‐acid analysis showed that BHI were readily incorporated into cell phospholipids (PL) in a treatment‐dependent manner, but higher BHI in PL did not consistently inhibit growth. Culturing with low‐BHI PRF or high‐BHI PRF did not lead to growth inhibition, but low‐BHI SCF inhibited growth, and inhibition was further increased by high‐BHI SCF. Other classes of fatty acids may, therefore, be interacting with BHI resulting in differential effects on growth inhibition in human breast cancer cells.     

Fatty Acid Profiles in Sunflower Grains During Storage in Different Environments

This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acid profiles of sunflower oil extracted from hybrid grains produced and stored in different environments. The trials were conducted in Teresina (Piauí), Vilhena (Rondônia), and Jaguariúna (São Paulo) in randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. After harvesting, grains from 1 high oleic and 3 traditional hybrids were packed in kraft paper bags and stored in a covered shed and in a cold chamber up to 12 months. The fatty acid profiles were determined by gas chromatography after 0, 4, 8, and 12 months of storage. Analyses of variance were conducted in a split‐plot design, with hybrids being considered as whole plots and storage times as subplots. Tukey's test was performed to compare hybrids and regression analyses for storage times. The initial fatty acid profile of the grains of the same hybrid varied depending on the production location. The grain storage of high oleic and traditional sunflower hybrids during 12 months in covered shed and in cold chamber resulted in little changes in oil fatty acid profiles, regardless of the initial contents. These changes occurred only for linoleic and palmitic acids.     

Fatty Acid Profiles of Oil Obtained from Mid-Oleic Sunflowers Grown in Tropical Region

This study aimed to verify whether the fatty acid profiles of mid-oleic genotypes grown in the tropical region of Brazil fit the Codex Alimentarius and to examine the possibility of using traditional inbred lines to produce high-oleic hybrids. For this purpose, we assessed the fatty acid profile of six mid-oleic hybrids grown in environments with different minimum temperatures during oil formation in the achenes. The tests were conducted between 2015 and 2017 in an experimentally randomized complete block design with four replications. The oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acid contents were determined using gas chromatography. The mid-oleic hybrids presented varying levels of fatty acids, with oleic acid ranging between 43.6% and 84.6%, linoleic acid between 8.5% and 45.6%, palmitic acid between 3.9% and 5.7%, and stearic acid between 2.2% and 6.2%. Some of the fatty acid values were outside the ranges established by the CODEX STAN 210-1999 and were characteristic of high-oleic type sunflowers. This finding shows that we can take advantage of the potential of combining traditional inbred lines to produce high-oleic hybrids for faster and more economical breeding programs in these environments.     

Quality of Sunflower Oil Obtained in the Main Producing Region of Brazil: Adherence to the Codex Alimentarius

The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the oil extracted from sunflower achenes grown in Campo Novo de Parecis, the main producing region of Brazil, to optimize its use by the processing and food industries. In addition, the fatty acid profiles of the oil were checked for their adherence to the CODEX STAN 210–1999. Traditional and high-oleic genotypes were grown between 2014 and 2017 during trials with a randomized complete block experimental design with four replications. The contents of oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids were determined using gas chromatography. The fatty acid profiles of traditional genotypes were observed to be outside the ranges established by the CODEX, with an oleic acid content above 39.4% and linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acid values lower than 48.3%, 2.7%, and 5.0%, respectively, as well as high-oleic sunflower oil with a stearic acid content of less than 2.6%. The availability of this information can, on the one hand, positively impact industries and encourage the use of better quality raw materials that are more technologically and nutritionally adequate. On the other hand, the commercialization of sunflower oil with a fatty acid profile outside the ranges established by CODEX can be difficult, because the contents are out of specification due to the climatic conditions in the cropping region.     

质子酸催化合成α-氯代十二酸工艺研究

采用廉价的浓硫酸为催化剂,氧气为自由基捕集剂,以十二酸为原料,经氯化合成α-氯代十二酸。系统考察了反应温度、催化剂用量、氯气流量、氧氯比、反应时间等因素的影响,得到最佳工艺条件:十二酸20 g,在反应温度135℃、催化剂10%、氯气流量50 mL·min-1、vO2/vCl2=1∶2、反应时间3 h,可实现十二酸基本完全转化,目标产物α-氯代十二酸选择性达到94.5%。     

热盐酸缓蚀抑雾剂

在实验室合成的一种咪唑啉类化合物与其它物质复配得到了一种适合于碳钢在高温盐酸中酸洗浸蚀的复合缓蚀抑雾剂。采用失重法和中和滴定法对其性能进行评定 ,实验结果表明 :该缓蚀抑雾剂在 2 0 %盐酸中 ,酸洗温度在常温至 85℃范围内缓蚀率达 90 %左右 ,抑雾率达 85%左右 ,并具有较好的综合性能